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greenbox Horticulture, an Alternative Avenue of Urban Food Production

Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1473-1489页

作者： Ankit Kumar Singh Xiusheng Yang Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA

In response to the pressure on food security caused by rising global population and urbanization, the Yang Laboratory at the University of Connecticut has developed the so-called greenbox technology that allows crop growth in individual climate-controlled boxes in urban warehouse environments and other enclosed structures. A greenbox unit is a thermally insulated modular structure with LED artificial lighting, soilless (hydroponic) cultivation platform, and complete environmental controls. Multiple greenbox units can be integrated into a large production system at various scales. This study evaluated the applicability of the greenbox technology in the urban warehouse environment by studying the environmental parameters and productivity. We carried greenhouse growth simultaneously for reference. We grew Butterhead Rex lettuce (Lactuca sativa) over 30-day growing cycles in summer (July-August, 2020) and winter (December, 2020-January, 2021) in an experimental greenhouse and two protocol greenbox units located in the high ceiling headhouse of the experimental greenhouse at Storrs, Connecticut. We collected environmental data, including light, temperature, and relative humidity and crop growth data, including wet and dry biomass in the two production systems. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the environmental and biomass data. Results indicated that the greenbox could provide desired environmental conditions to sustain crop growth over summer and winter. The Daily Light Integral, controllable at the grower’s discretion, in the greenbox, ranged between 32.48 - 36.70 mol/m2·d at crop canopy height. The mean daily temperature and relative humidity in the greenbox fell within the optimal ranges of 17˚C - 29˚C and 40% - 60%, respectively. Regardless of seasons, lettuce crops were all healthy and grew to full

关键词： greenbox Hydroponics Lettuce Sustainable Technologies Urban Agriculture

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The Assessment of Growth Performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘Li Ren Choi’, Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Brassica rapa var. japonica Using greenbox Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1222-1237页

作者： George Paul Buss Paige Ann Carroll Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis Jr. Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

Obtaining nutritious food is becoming increasingly difficult due to the growing urban population and the degradation of soil, water, and air from mechanized and industrialized agricultural techniques. More than half the global population resides in urban areas, with not enough surrounding agricultural land to meet food requirements. Food traveling long distances, an average of 1020 miles, has resulted in increased food miles for the average food item in the United States of America, representing wasted resources. The novel greenbox technology was invented in response to increasing pressures on food security. Previous studies conducted on greenbox technology assessed the technical feasibility of utilizing Lettuce Lactuca sativa ‘Rex Butterhead’. We at the APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University assessed the technical feasibility of growing different leafy green vegetable crops. greenbox technology consists of thermally insulated climate-controlled enclosures, an artificial lighting source, a soilless cultivation method (hydroponics), and environmental control modules. We assembled two greenbox units to assess the environmental conditions and growth performance of Brassica rapa var. chinensis ‘Li Ren Choi’, Spinach Spinacia oleracea ‘Auroch’, Arugula Eruca sativa ‘Astro’, and Mizuna Brassica Brassica rapa var. japonica. Plugs were cultivated and then transplanted in a randomized manner to the nutrient film technique (NFT) channels, subsequently grown for 30 days to full bloom and ready for harvest. Fertigation was carried out using a standard concentration nutrient solution. Crops were arranged in twelve blocks of four species each. We collected environmental data including daily light integral (DLI, mol/m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, kPa). Collected biomass data included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (mg/cm2)

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity greenbox Hydroponics Lettuce

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The Comparative Performance of Nutrient-Film Technique and Deep-Water Culture Method of Hydroponics for greenbox Technology

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1108-1120页

作者： Mya Alexandria Catherine Griffith George Paul Buss Paige Ann Carroll Xiusheng Yang John L. Griffis Jr. Galen Papkov Sarah Bauer Kathryn Jackson Ankit Kumar Singh Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Marine and Earth Sciences The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Natural Resources University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA Department of Mathematics Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers FL USA Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Mercer University Macon GA USA Independent Researcher Alexandria VA USA

With the rising pressures on food security, greenbox technology was developed as an avenue for fresh leafy vegetable crop production in urban settings. greenbox units were designed to be thermally insulated and climate controlled, with an artificial lighting source that utilized soilless cultivation techniques. Previous studies conducted on greenbox technology used the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT);however, various hydroponic methods exist, such as the Deep-Water Culture (DWC) method being the most used. The APS Laboratory for Sustainable Food at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU) compared the crop growth performance between DWC and NFT systems using greenbox technology. The following study monitored environmental conditions and compared productivity and biomass data of Rex Butterhead Lettuce crops between DWC and NFT systems. We assembled two greenbox units using commercially available materials and the standard nutrient solution for fertigation. The crops grown in DWC and NFT were in a 4 × 6 configuration. The DWC and NFT systems were used to grow Lettuce Lactuca sativa “Rex Butterhead” over 30 days to full bloom from prepared plugs grown for 14 days. We collected environmental data including Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD, μmol/m2∙s), Daily Light Integral (DLI, mol/ m2∙d), temperature (˚C), relative humidity (%), and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD, kPa). We collected lettuce crop growth data, which included wet weight (g), dry weight (g), leaf area (cm2), and chlorophyll concentration (μmol/m2). We derived data, including the Specific Leaf Area (SLA, cm2/g) and biomass productivity (kg/m2), from previously collected data. We used descriptive statistics to present the collected data. A paired t-test was performed to understand the differences in biomass and productivity parameters between the DWC and NFT-grown lettuce crops. Both the DWC and NFT-grown crops could grow lettuce crops to harve

关键词： Controlled Environment Agriculture Food Insecurity greenbox Hydroponics Lettuce

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25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路信号完整性设计

25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路信号完整性设计

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作者：蒋炜哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

随着全球互联网应用的飞速发展和数据量的急剧膨胀,数据中心需要具备更大交换容量和更高转发性能的新一代核心交换机,目前其带宽升级的前沿研究集中于25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路的设计与实现,也即本文的研究对象。高速信号在传输过程中... 详细信息

随着全球互联网应用的飞速发展和数据量的急剧膨胀,数据中心需要具备更大交换容量和更高转发性能的新一代核心交换机,目前其带宽升级的前沿研究集中于25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路的设计与实现,也即本文的研究对象。高速信号在传输过程中因会受到损耗、反射和串扰等问题的影响,破坏信息传递的准确性和完整性,且随着信号速率的提升和传输环境的复杂而更加突出。本文针对以上问题进行高速串行链路的信号完整性设计,以25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路的无源和有源设计为基础,采用无源通道优化、有源中继优化和较优参数配置等优化方法,通过仿真和测试相结合的手段,保证25 Gbps串行信号的准确传输,为系统运行留有裕量,并针对相应的设计和优化方法展开研究。本文进行了25 Gbps SerDes的选型和SI配置研究,通过测试实验评估得到其常温最大驱动能力;结合前沿高速信号传输研究进展,完成了包括层叠设计、AC耦合电容的设计与选择、过孔参数设计和连接器选型等高速无源通道设计;进行了过孔反焊盘优化研究,通过引入等效差分过孔模型进行优化参数预计算,提高了优化效率,并对四种不同过孔反焊盘形状的优化方案进行了设计对比,通过仿真给出了结果验证;展开了AC耦合电容阻抗一致性优化研究,探讨了AC耦合电容相邻参考层挖空区域形状设计方案,设计对比了五种优化方案并进行了仿真验证;对比了三类高速串行链路有源优化方法并确定了有源中继优化方案,针对Retimer不同的CDR架构进行了对比分析,从SI性能的角度展开了全链路配合的应用研究,进行了具体的芯片方案确定,给出了测试实验验证结果;讨论了基于Green Box的全链路较优参数配置方法,采用了基于参数收敛法和交叠法的Green Box解决方案对链路参数进行配置。另外,本文搭建了系统平台进行全链路测试,结果表明,经设计、优化和配置后的25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路很好满足了最终设计要求,实现了系统的稳健运行。本文为25 Gbps跨背板高速串行链路信号完整性设计提供了端到端解决方案,为实际工程提供了理论指导和依据。

关键词：高速串行链路信号完整性无源优化 retimer greenbox

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