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Biochemical changes in grape rootstocks resulted from humic acid treatments in relation to nematode infection

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第4期2卷 287-293页

作者： Hosny H Kesba Hossam S El-Beltagi Zoology and Agricultural Nematology Department Faculty of AgricultureCairo University Biochemistry Department Faculty of AgricultureCairo University

Objective:To investigate the effect of humic acid on nematode infected,resistant and susceptible grapes in relation to lipid peroxidation and antioxidant mechanisms on selected biochemical parameters known as proactive ***:The grape rootstocks,superior,superior/ freedom and freedom were reacted differently to Meloidogyne incognita and Rotylenchulus reniformis according to rootstock *** weeks after inoculation,two commercial products of humic acid were applied at the rate of(2,4 mL or grams/plant) as soil *** 4 months,nematode soil populations were extracted and counted.A subsample of roots from each plant was stained and gall numbers,embedded stages per root were calculated,final population, nematode build up(Pf/Pi),average of eggs/eggmass were *** of fresh root of each treatment were chemically ***:Freedom reduced significantly the nematode criteria and build *** acid granules appeared to be more suppressive to nematode build up on superior and the higher dose on superior/freedom than liquid *** freedom,all treatments reduced significantly the nematode build up regardless to the material *** higher dose was more effective than the lower *** a result of humic acid applications,the malondialdehyde(MDA) and H_2O_2 contents were significandy reduced after humic acid treatments while the antioxidant compounds glutathione(GSH),ascorbic acid(ASA) and total phenol contents were significandy increased when compared with *** defense enzymes ascorbate peroxidase(AFX),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) showed significant increase in their specific activities in treated plants compared with nematode treated ***:Humic acid treatments improve we yield of grape by increasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes.

关键词： Meloidogyne incognita Rotylenchulus reniformis grape Humic acid Oxidative stress Antioxidant enzymes Lipid peroxidation Nematode grape rootstocks Antioxidant compounds Biochemical parameters Proactive substance MDA SOD

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Multiple effects of grape seed polyphenolics to prevent metabolic diseases

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第3期5卷 351-361页

作者： Torey ARVIK Hyunsook KIM James SEIBER Wallace YOKOYAMA Sonomaceuticals/WholeVine Product LLC Santa RosaCA 95403USA Hanyang University Seoul 04763Korea Department of Food Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)Western Regional Research CenterAlbanyCA 94710USA

Obesity is increasing in developing *** studies show a relationship between affluence and obesity. Changing food intake patterns with affluence such as preference for foods with less astringent polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibers may increase risk of metabolic dysfunctions due to caloric *** models of obesity consistently show that grape seed procyanidins prevent increases in body and abdominal adipose weight gain, plasma cholesterol, liver weight gain and inflammation in animals on high fat diets. The mechanisms are not clear because the oral intake of procyanidins results in pleiotropic interactions with proteins in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, cecum and colon that affect the rate of digestion of bioavailability of macronutrients, sterols, and dietary fiber. Procyanidins also bind bile acids and reduce intestinal permeability to inflammatory bacterial cell wall fragment. Procyanidins are not degraded or metabolized until reaching the lower gut where they can be metabolized into phenolic acids by gut bacteria. While they are metabolized by gut bacteria,they also alter total numbers and distribution of phyla and species of gut bacteria. Gut bacteria are recognized as significant contributors to obesity and obesity related metabolic diseases. The review examines the different pleiotropic effects of grape seed procyanidins that have a significant effect on metabolic disease in animal models of obesity.

关键词： grape seed obesity procyanidins high fat microbiota animal models

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In vitro antimicrobial effects of grape seed extract on peri-implantitis microflora in craniofacial implants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第10期2卷 822-825页

作者： Binit Shrestha M.L.Srithavaj Theerathavaj Sroisiri Thaweboon Boonyanit Thaweboon Maxillofacial Prosthetic Service Faculty of DentistryMahidol University Department of Oral Microbiology Faculty of DentistryMahidol University

Objective:To determine the antimicrobial effects of grape seed on peri-implantitis ***:The grape seed extract was tested against peri-implantitis microflora most commonly found in craniofacial implants including reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus(***),Escherichia coli(***),Candida albicans(***)and clinical strains of ***,Klebsiella pneumonia(***)and Candida parapsilosis(***)by disk diffusion *** inhibitory concentrations(MIC)and minimum cidal concentrations(MCC)were determined using modified agar dilution millpore *** extract was further combined with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol,and was tested for antimicrobial ***:grape seed extract showed positive inhibitory effects with *** at MIC of 0.625 mg/mL and MCC of1.25 mg/mL *** the extracts showed minimal or no reactivity against strains of ***,***,*** and *** use of grape seed extract in combination with polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol also showed dose dependent inhibitory effect on ***:The results of the study showed that grape seed has potential antimicrobial effects which can be further studied and developed to be used in the treatment of infected skinabutment interface of craniofacial implants.

关键词： Peri-implantitis grape seed extract Craniofacial implants Staphylococcus aureus

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QTL mapping for berry shape based on a high-density genetic map constructed by whole-genome resequencing in grape

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 729-742页

作者： Yandi Wu Yong Wang Xiucai Fan Ying Zhang Jianfu Jiang Lei Sun Qiangwei Luo Feng Sun Chonghuai Liu Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhouHenan 450009China Research Institute of grape and Melon of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region TurpanXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 838200China

grape berry shape is an important agricultural *** its genetic basis is significant for cultivating grape varieties that meet market ***,the current study by forward genetics has not achieved in-depth ***,a high-density map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for berry shape.A total of 358709 polymorphic SNPs were obtained using whole-genome resequencing(WGS)based on 208 F2 individuals derived from round grape‘E42-6’and oblong grape‘Rizamat’.The 1635.65 cM high-density map was divided into 19 linkage groups with an average distance of 0.37 *** this map,three significant QTLs for fruit shape index(ShI:ratio of berry length to berry width)identified over three years were mapped onto LG4 and LG5,including one stable QTL on Chr5 with the genomic region of 0.47–1.94 *** with gene annotation and expression patterns based on RNA-seq data from two contrasting F2 individuals with round and oblong berry(their average ShI was 1.89 and 1.10,respectively)at four developmental stages,four candidate genes were selected from the above *** were mainly involved in DNA replication,cell wall modification,and phytohormone *** analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that several important phytohormone synthesis and metabolic pathways were enriched based on differentially expressed genes(DEGs),which was consistent with the results of QTL mapping for genes related to plant hormone biosynthesis in the F2 ***,a comparison of plant hormone content showed that there were significant differences in IAA and tZ content between the two contrasting F2 individuals at different developmental *** findings provide molecular insights into the genetic variation in grape berry *** QTLs and their tightly linked markers offer the possibility of marker-assisted selection to accelerate berry shape breeding.

关键词： grape Berry shape Whole-genome resequencing High-density genetic map QTL

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grape Phenolic Extract Potentially Useful in the Control of Antibiotic Resistant Strains of Campylobacter

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第2期4卷 73-80页

作者： Elisa Mingo Alfonso V. Carrascosa Sonia de Pascual-Teresa Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN) CSIC Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición-C/Jose Antonio Novais Madrid Spain Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) CSIC-UAM Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología. C/Nicolás Cabrera 9. Cantoblanco Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain

In this work, a grape phenolic extract obtained by methanol extraction has been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting the growth of different strains and species of Campylobacter, one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Noteworthily, it was particularly effective against several strains presenting multiple antibiotic resistances. In all cases, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower than 300 mg GAE/L, being of 60 mg GAE/L for one of the most resistant strains (C. coli LP2), while the others were between 120 mg GAE/L and 180 mg GAE/L. The analytical study of the main phenolic compounds in the grape extract revealed that it was mainly constituted by catechins (85.7%) and phenolic acids (13.7%). However, experiments developed using pure standards demonstrate that phenolic acids (such as gallic, p-hidroxibenzoic, vanillic, and homovanillic acids) were the most active, provoking a Campylobacter growth decrease between 6.7 and 7.6 log, while epicatechin was the only catechin with activity as pure compound (1 log of growth decrease).

关键词： Campylobacter Food-Borne Pathogen Antibiotic Resistance grape Phenolic Extract Phenolic Acids Flavanols

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grape Seed Extract (Vitisvinifera) Alleviate Neurotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Lead Acetate in Male Albino Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 176-184页

作者： Abeer M. Waggas Department of Biology (Zoology) Faculty of Girls Education Scientific Department King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

grape seed extracts (GSE) are very potent antioxidant and exhibit numerous interesting pharmacologic activities, including an antioxidant property, and has been suggested to be of use in treatment of several diseases. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the protective and therapeutic effect of GSE against lead-induced neuro and hepatotoxicity in rat. Male albino rats were divided into six groups: the 1st group, rats were injected daily with saline vehicle and served as negative control, the 2nd group (positive control group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with subacute dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate (LA). The 3rd group (protective group), the rats were injected (i.p.) with LA (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 7 days after treatment with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for 3 weeks. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups (therapeutics groups), rats were injected (i.p.) with subacut dose (100 mg/kg b·w/day) of lead acetate for 7 days, then treated with GSE (100 mg/kg b·w/day) for one, two and three weeks, respectively. The level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA) were evaluated in brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, striatum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus). The result indicated that the administration of subacute dose of LA (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) induce a significant decrease in NE, DA, 5-HT and 5-HIAA content in all tested brain regions. Also the obtained data showed significant increase in liver enzymes: serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in group 2 (positive control). There is an improvement in neurotransmitters content. Also the obtained data showed significant in- crease in liver enzymes of protective (G3) and therapeutics groups (G4, G5 and G6) which received GSE compared with animal group that received lead acetate (G2). This is may be the presence of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins which h

关键词： grape Seed Extract Lead Lead Acetate Antioxidant Norepinephrine Dopamine Serotonin 5-Hydroxyindol Acetic Acid Brain Liver Rat

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grape seed proanthocyanidin protects liver against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第24期21卷 7468-7477页

作者： Zhen-Chao Xu Jie Yin Bo Zhou Yu-Ting Liu Yue Yu Guo-Qiang Li Liver Transplantation Center First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Department of Respiratory Medicine Jinling Hospital

AIM: To explore the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin(GSP) in liver ischemia/reperfusion(IR) injury and alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum ***: Male Sprague-Dawley rats(220-250 g) were divided into three groups, namely, sham, IR, and GSP groups(n = 8 each). A liver IR(70%) model was established and reperfused for 6 h. Prior to reperfusion, the GSP group was administered with GSP(100 mg/kg) for 15 d, and liver histology was then investigated. Serum aminotransferase and inflammatory mediators coupled with superoxide dismutase and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde were detected. Western blot was conducted to analyze the expression of glucoseregulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL ***: The serum aminotransferase, apoptotic cells, and Suzuki scores decreased in the GSP group compared with the IR group(P s < 0.05). The methanedicarboxylic aldehyde level was decreased in the GSP group, but the superoxide dismutase level was reversed(P s < 0.05). Similarly, GSP downregulated the proinflammatory factors and upregulated the levels of anti-inflammatory factors(Ps < 0.05). Western blot data showed that GSP increased glucose-regulated protein 78 expression and suppressed expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, procaspase-12, and nuclear factor-κb compared with the IR ***: GSP possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress through regulation of related signaling pathways to protect the liver against IR injury.

关键词： Anti-apoptosis Endoplasmic reticulumstress grape seed proanthocyanidin Inflammation Ischemia/reperfusion injury

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grape Conference to Boost grape Industry

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China's Foreign Trade 2014年第Z1期 30-31页

作者： Liu Xinwei

On July 29,the 5-day llth International Conference on grapevine Breeding and Genetics(grape Conference)was held in Yanqing County of Beijing with two mascots"apu"and"atao"standing at the conference *** every four years,the Conference has been held for ten times so *** the world’s top-level and most influential academic and technological communication platform for grapevine genetics and breeding,the Conference attracts participants from as many countries as *** year

关键词： venue breeding technological grape Genetics geneti

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Not All Shrivels Are Created Equal—Morpho-Anatomical and Compositional Characteristics Differ among Different Shrivel Types That Develop during Ripening of grape (Vitis viniferaL.) Berries

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 879-898页

作者： Bhaskar Rao Bondada Markus Keller Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center Washington State University 24106 N. Bunn Road Prosser WA 99350 USA Washington State University Tri-Cities Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture 2710 University Drive Richland WA 99354 USA

An understanding of physiological disorders associated with ripening of fruits triggered by abiotic stress relies on anatomical and physico-chemical analyses, as it provide insights into their origin and probable causes. The objective of this study was to analyze different ripening disorders of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries by dissecting their morpho-anatomy, shriveling nature, and composition. Four well-defined disorders—sunburn, prolonged dehydration (PD), late-season bunch stem necrosis (LBSN), and berry shrivel (BS) were analyzed in field-grown grapevines of the cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. Early bunch stem necrosis (EBSN) that occurred before ripening was also included in the study. Unlike healthy spherical berries, the pericarp of disordered berries except for sunburn shriveled causing concomitant reductions in fresh weight and volume. The exocarp of PD berries developed well-ordered indentations as distinct from the wrinkles in LBSN berries, whereas BS berries were flaccid with numerous skin folds. The epicuticular wax occurred as upright platelets in all shrivel forms excluding the sun-exposed hemisphere of sunburned berries. A chlorophyllous inflorescence framework persisted in all shrivel forms but in LBSN, wherein the necrotic regions developed tylosis. Unlike the translucent mesocarp of healthy, sunburned, and PD berries, the mesocarp was collapsed in BS and LBSN berries, nevertheless all had well-developed seeds. The composition of healthy berries was optimal, whereas the disordered berries were compositionally distinct from each other, which as a whole differed from the healthy berries. The BS berries had the lowest sugar content, and although sugar concentration was higher in LBSN, sunburned and PD berries, sugar amount per berry was highest in the healthy berries, the same was true for hexoses. Healthy and BS berries exhibited highest amounts of tartaric acid followed by sunburn and PD berries, whereas the LBSN berries had the lowest values. Conv

关键词： grape Bunch Stem Dehydration Necrosis Ripening Shrivel Sunburn Vitis vinifera

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Study on the Biology and Epidemiology of Uncinula necator---The Causal Agent of grape Powdery Mildew Disease

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2012年第4期1卷 574-579页

作者： Karbalaei Khiavi Haji Shikhlinski Babaei Ahari Asgar Heydari Mahammad Akrami Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardebil Province Meshkinshahr Islamic Azad University Ardebil 98451Iran Genetic Resources Institute Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Baku AZ1106 Azerbaijan Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz 62664 Iran Plant Disease Research Department Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Tehran 15536 Iran Mamagan Payame Noor University （PNU） Tabviz 62664 Ivan

This study was carried out during 2007-2009 in the vineyards of Ardebil province of lran to study the biology and the epidemiology of Uncinula necator--the causal agent of grape powdery mildew disease. The study concentrated on the survival and the initiation of primary inoculum of the fungal causal agent. Results of histopathological experiments indicated that U. necator survived as mycelium in the dormant buds of the grapes during winter season. Results of study on the effect of environmental factors on fungus biology showed that the pathogenic activity of the fungus began when the temperature was between 16-19 ℃ with a relative humidity more than 50%. It was also found that optimum temperature and relative humidity for the sporulation of *** was 20-25 ~C and 50%-100% respectively. According to the results, fungal conidia were trapped during formation of 5-6 true leaves and first disease symptoms were observed on the clusters on late June after fruit formation. Fungal cleistothecia were observed abundantly at the end of season on the leaves, petioles and twigs but they were not able to survive during winter. Formation of ascospores on young leaves was proved but their role as the primary inoculum was not supported by the results of this study. Results of this study and the new findings on the biology and epidemiology of *** may be of national and international interests for the management of powdery mildew disease which is one of the most destructive diseases around the world including Iran.

关键词： grape powdery mildew Uncinula necator histopathology epidemiology.

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