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Progress of chromosome engineering mediated by asymmetric somatic hybridization

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第9期36卷 547-556页

作者： Guangmin Xia Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation of Education Ministry School of Life Sciences Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

Plant somatic hybridization has progressed steadily over the past 35 years. Many hybrid plants have been generated from fusion combinations of different phylogenetic species, some of which have been utilized in crop breeding programs. Among them, asymmetric hybrid, which usually contains a fraction of alien genome, has received more attention because of its importance in crop improvement. However, few studies have dealt with the heredity of the genome of somatic hybrid for a long time, which has limited the progress of this approach. Over recent ten years, along with the development of an effective cytogenetical tool ＂in situ hybridization （ISH）＂, asymmetric fusion of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） with different grasses or cereals has been greatly developed. Genetics, genomes, functional genes and agricultt, ral traits of wheat asymmetric hybrids have been subject to systematic investigations using gene cloning, genomic in situ hybridization （gish） and molecular makers. The future goal is to fully elucidate the functional relationships among improved agronomic traits, the genes and underlying molecular mechanisms, and the genome dynamics of somatic introgression lines. This will accelerate the development of elite germplasms via somatic hybridization and the application of these materials in the molecular improvement of crop plants.

关键词： asymmetric somatic hybrids gish alien introgression wheat breading

Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Wheat-Leymus mollis 3D(3Ns) Substitution Line with Resistance to Leaf Rust

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第4期41卷 205-214页

作者： Yuhui Pang Xinhong Chen Jixin Zhao Wanli Du Xueni Cheng Jun Wu Yanli Li Liangming Wang Jing Wang Qunhui Yang College of Agronomy Northwest A&F University College of Life Sciences Northwest A&F University

Leymus mollis （Trin.） Pilger （NsNsXmXm, 2n = 28）, a wild relative of common wheat, possesses many potentially valuable traits that could be transferred to common wheat during breeding programs. In this study, the karyotypic constitution of a wheat - L. mollis 3D（3Ns#1） disomic substitution line isolated from the F5 progeny of octoploid Tritileymus M842-16 x Triticum durum cv. D4286, which was designated as 10DM57, was determined using genomic in situ hybridization （gish）, fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH）, SSR markers, and EST- STS markers. Screening of mitosis and meiosis showed that 10DM57 had a chromosome karyotype of 2n = 42 =21Ⅱ. gish indicated that 10DM57 was a line with 40 chromosomes from wheat and two of the Ns chromosomes from L. mollis, which formed a ring bivalent in pollen mother cells at metaphase I. FISH analysis showed that the chromosome 3D may be replaced by 3Ns#1 in 10DM57. DNA markers, including SSR and EST-STS primers, showed that the pair of wheat chromosome 3D in 10DM57 was substituted by the pair of chromosome 3Ns#t from L. mollis. Evaluation of the agronomic traits showed that, compared with its common wheat relative 7182, 10DM57 was resistant to leaf rust while the spike length and number of spikes per plant were improved significantly, which correlated with a higher wheat yield. The new germplasm, 10DM57, could be exploited as an intermediate material in wheat genetic and breeding programs.

关键词： Alien substitution line EST-STS FISH gish Leymus mollis SSR Wheat

Development of Triticum aestivume——Leymus mollis Translocation Lines and Identification of Resistance to Stripe Rust

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第3期42卷 129-132页

作者： Haoxun Li Renchun Fan Shulan Fu Bo Wei Shichang Xu Jing Feng Qi Zheng Xianping Wang Fangpu Han Xiangqi Zhang State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences National Center for Plant Gene Research Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding Genetics Sichuan Agriculture University Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widely distributed and destructive fungal diseases worldwide. Since 1995, most Chinese wheat cultivars have lost their stripe rust resistance due to the subsequent emergence of the new races CYR30, CYR31, CYR32, and CYR33 （Han et al., 2010）. Therefore, it is necessary to seek effective resistance genes and develop new resistance germ- plasm for wheat resistance breeding.

关键词： Leymus mollis Translocation Lines and Identification of Resistance to Stripe Rust Development of Triticum aestivume line FISH gish

Variation in Chromosome Constitution of the Xiaoyan Series Partial Amphiploids and Its Relationship to Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第11期42卷 657-660页

作者： Qi Zheng Qiaoling Luo Zhixia Niu Hongwei Li Bin Li Steven S.Xu Zhensheng Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Science Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University

The wild relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） contain tremendous amounts of potentially useful genes and represent a promising source of genetic diversity for wheat improvement （Bommineni and Jauhar, 1997）. Thinopyrum ponticum （Popd.） Barkworth and D. R. Dewey [syn. Agropyron elongatum （Host） P. Beauv., Elytrigia pontica （Podp.） Holub, Lophopy- rum ponticum （Podp.） A. L6ve] （2n = 10x = 70）, has high crossability with various Triticum species. Numerous studies have shown that Th. ponticum carries many potentially valu- able resistance genes against biotic and abiotic stresses （Shannon, 1978; Cox, 1991; Zheng et al., 2014a,b）. Transferring the useful genes from Th. ponticum to common wheat through chromosome engineering had been a successful way to enhance the resistance of wheat to pests and diseases （Sharma et al., 1989; McIntosh, 1991）.

关键词： Th Variation in Chromosome Constitution of the Xiaoyan Series Partial Amphiploids and Its Relationship to Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Resistance FISH gish IT

Characterization and Genome Changes of New Amphiploids from Wheat Wide Hybridization

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第8期42卷 459-461页

作者： Xiang Guo Qinghua Shi Jing Wang Yanlin Hou Yuhai Wang Fangpu Han State Kay Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The introduction of alien genes or chromosome fragments from wild related species into wheat （Triticum spp.） has been considered valuable for wheat breeding （Valkoun, 2001）. Several relatives, such as Secale cereale （Gupta and Shepherd, 1993; Ma et al., 2000）, Thinopyrum elongatum （Liu et al., 2008）, Th. intermedium （Cao et al., 2014） and Th. ponticum （Li et al., 2008） showed distinct applications of introgression of interesting genes or traits into wheat. However, there are still some challenges in using these genetic resources. The introgressed alien fragments often bring genes with potentially negative impacts on the traits. In this letter, we mainly focus on multi-strategies for synthesis of polyploids between wheat and rye, Th. elongatum, Th. intermedium and Th. ponticum. We have successfully selected different novel ploidy triticale and trititrigia lines which carried excellent disease-resistance genes and could provide essential genetic resources for wheat breeding.

关键词： Th gene gish

Comparative FISH and molecular identification of new stripe rust resistant wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum introgression lines

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The Crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 819-829页

作者： Jianbo Li Qiheng Chen Peng Zhang Tao Lang Sami Hoxha Guangrong Li Zujun Yang School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina Center for Informational Biology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina Plant Breeding Institute The University of SydneyCobbittyNew South Wales 2570Australia

Thinopyrum intermedium(2 n = 6 x = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt) has been hybridized extensively with common wheat and has proven to be a valuable germplasm source for improving disease resistance, quality attributes, and yield potential in wheat. We characterized new disease resistant wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives A1082 and A5-5 using sequential multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH), genomic in situ hybridization(gish), PCRbased landmark unique gene(PLUG) and intron targeting(IT) markers. A1082 was identified as a wheat-Th. intermedium 3J disomic addition line, and A5-5 was a T4BS·5J^sL homozygous Robertsonian translocation line. Seventy-one and 106 pairs of primers amplified Th.intermedium-specific bands allowing chromosomes 3J and 5J^s to be tracked, respectively. A new oligonucleotide probe, Oligo-6 H-2-100, was developed for FISH labeling of the subterminal region of the long arm of chromosome 5J^s. Both lines were highly resistant to stripe rust pathogen races prevalent in Chinese field screening nurseries. A5-5 also displayed a significant increase in tiller number compared to its wheat parent. The new lines can be exploited as useful germplasms for wheat improvement.

关键词： Disease resistance FISH gish Stripe rust Triticum aestivum

小麦-中间偃麦草2A/6St代换系014-459的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

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作物学报 2022年第2期48卷 511-517页

作者：陶军兰秀锦四川农业大学小麦研究所四川成都611130 绵阳市农业科学研究院四川绵阳621023

中间偃麦草是小麦遗传改良的有用资源,育成了大量的小麦-中间偃麦草附加系、代换系及部分双二倍体。中4是小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体,很方便与普通小麦杂交并被广泛用于小麦的遗传改良。014-459是中4与普通小麦杂交后代,具有一些特殊... 详细信息

中间偃麦草是小麦遗传改良的有用资源,育成了大量的小麦-中间偃麦草附加系、代换系及部分双二倍体。中4是小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体,很方便与普通小麦杂交并被广泛用于小麦的遗传改良。014-459是中4与普通小麦杂交后代,具有一些特殊特性,材料014-459与一些普通小麦杂交,无论正反交,其F1表现为不育,而与另一些普通小麦的杂交F1表现为可育,此外,材料014-459粗蛋白和湿面筋含量很高。基于014-459的这些特性,猜测其可能具有中间偃麦草染色体片段,为此对014-459进行了细胞学鉴定。FISH和gish以及PLUG标记分析用来分析材料014-459的染色体组成情况。连续的FISH和gish试验证实小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二部体中4与小麦杂交后代品系014-459的1对小麦2A染色体被来自中间偃麦草的1对St染色体代换,PLUG标记分析证实这1对St染色体属于第6同源群,可能来自中间偃麦草的St染色体被代换进小麦中造成了材料014-459的一些特性。对品系014-459的分子细胞遗传学鉴定对促进中间偃麦草6St染色体在小麦中利用及小麦品质改良有积极作用。

关键词： gish FISH 代换系拟鹅冠草细胞遗传学

Characterization of Three Novel Wheat LThinopyrum intermedium Addition Lines with Novel Storage Protein Subunits and Resistance to Both Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第1期43卷 45-48页

作者： Yuhai Wang Honggang Wang Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Tai'an Subcentre of National Wheat Improvement Centre Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 China

Wide hybridization is an effective approach for enhancing the resistance of bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） to biotic and abiotic stresses by introducing favorable alien genes （Sepsi et al., 2008）. Wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium （Host） Barkworth ＆ D.R. Dewey or Agropyron intermedium （Host） Beauvoir （2n = 42; genome formula JJjSjSstst）, is a perennial species in the tribe Triticeae and an important source of wheat improvement for biotic and abiotic stress resistance and quality-related traits, such as high grain protein concentration （Chen et al., 1998; 2001; 2003; Han et al., 2004; Li and Wang, 2009）. In addition, the ready crossing ability of wheatgrass with various Triticum species has made it popular in germ- plasm development.

关键词： Th Characterization of Three Novel Wheat LThinopyrum intermedium Addition Lines with Novel Storage Protein Subunits and Resistance to Both Powdery Mildew and Stripe Rust gish FISH

Establishment and characterization of new wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum addition and translocation lines with resistance to Ug99 races

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第9期43卷 573-575页

作者： Hongwei Li Qi Zheng Zacharias A.Pretorius Bin Li Dingzhong Tang Zhensheng Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Plant Sciences University of the Free State China-Africa Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ug99, also designated as TFKSK, is a race of Puccinia graminis Pers.：Pers f. sp. tn＇tici Eriks. and E. Henn （Pgt） with broad virulence to wheat. It is the first known Pgt race possessing virulence to Sr31, a stem rust resistance （Sr） gene deployed in wheat varieties world- wide （Singh et al., 2011 ）. Since the first detection of TFKSK in 1998, a total of 13 Ug99 variants have been identified in several African countries.

关键词： Th Establishment and characterization of new wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum addition and translocation lines with resistance to Ug99 races gish FISH line