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Evaluation of the effects of simulated in vitro digestion by gastrodia elata on biological activity and gut microflora regulation

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1676-1687页

作者： Chen Chen Shucong Fan Chenhong Shangguan Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines School of Traditional Chinese PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210009China Shaanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center of gastrodia elata and Cornus officinalis/College of Biological Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhongShaanxi723000China

gastrodia elata (G. elata ) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years, G. elata has been widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries because of its excellent health benefits. However, the stability and bioactivity of phenolic compounds from G. elata after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion remain unknown. In this study, the aqueous extract of G. elata rhizomes was used to simulate gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in vitro . This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility during the simulation of gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation and to clarify the effects of different digestion stages on the anti-oxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities and intestinal health of samples in vitro . The results indicated that the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents after colonic fermentation for 72 h were 5.48- and 3.24- fold higher than those without digestion, respectively. Except for gastrodigenin and ferulic acid, the contents and bioaccessibility of the other phenols after fermentation were higher than those in the small-intestine stage. Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the total polyphenol content. The inhibitory activities of pancrelipase and cholinesterase were enhanced by gastric digestion and colonic fermentation. The sample promoted the production of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the content of short-chain fatty acids also exhibited an upward trend. Therefore, G. elata has the potential to develop into a health food with anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, and intestinal health functions.

关键词： gastrodia elata Polyphenols Anti-oxidant Enzymes inhibitory Gut microflora

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Melatonin Receptors Agonistic Activities of Phenols from gastrodia elata

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2019年第4期9卷 297-302页

作者： Si‑Yue Chen Chang‑An Geng Yun‑Bao Ma Ji‑Jun Chen State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyYunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

gastrodia elata is a famous traditional Chinese herb with medicinal and edible *** this study,three new polybenzyls,gastropolybenzylols G-I(1-3)were isolated from the EtOAc extract of *** structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses involving HRESIMS,UV,IR,1D and 2D *** 1 showed agonistic effects on MT1 and MT_(2) receptors with agonistic rates of 55.91±4.84%and 165.13±5.65%at the concentration of 0.5 mM,respectively,and an EC_(50) value of 76.24μM on MT_(2) receptor.

关键词： gastrodia elata Gastropolybenzylols Melatonin receptors

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Insight into Medicinal Chemistry Behind Traditional Chinese Medicines: p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol-Derived Dimers and Trimers from gastrodia elata

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2021年第1期11卷 31-50页

作者： Yanan Wang Min Zhang Xue Zhou Chengbo Xu Chenggen Zhu Yuhe Yuan Naihong Chen Yongchun Yang Qinglan Guo Jiangong Shi State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

From an aqueous extract of“tian ma”(the steamed and dried rhizomes of gastrodia elata),ten new compounds gastrodiben-zins A−D(1−4)and gastrotribenzins A−F(5−10),along with known analogues(11−20),having structure features coupling between two and three p-hydroxybenzyl-derived units via carbon-and/or ether-bonds,were isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data ***,the new compounds 5a,6a,8a,22,and 23,as well as the known derivatives 13a,14a,15,17−21,24,25,and p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde were isolated and identified from a refluxed aqueous solution of p-hydroxybenzyl *** of 5a and 6a in methanol and ethylation of 6a,8a,13a,and 14a in ethanol produced 5 and 6 and 7,8,13,and 14,*** ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution electrospray ioniza-tion mass spectrometry(UPLC-HRESIMS)analysis of the refluxed solutions of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the refluxed extracts of the fresh *** rhizome and“tian ma”extracts indicated consistent production and variation of the dimeric and trimeric derivatives of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol upon extracting solvents and refluxing *** various assays,the dimeric and trimeric derivatives showed more potent activities than p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol itself and gastrodin,which are the main known active constituents of“tian ma”.These results revealed for the first time that the more effective dimers and trimers can be produced through condensation of the co-occurring p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol during processing and decocting of the *** rhizomes,demonstrating insights into medicinal chemistry behind application protocols of traditional Chinese medicines.

关键词： Orchidaceae gastrodia elata p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol dimer p-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol trimer Gastrodibenzins Gastrotribenzins Medicinal chemistry behind Chinese medicines

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Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of gastrodia elata and its active ingredients in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

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Traditional Medicine Research 2023年第9期8卷 34-48页

作者： Xing-Yi Chen Yan He Ji-Yu Chen Clinical Trials Center The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550000China School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550000China

gastrodia elata,a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Orchidaceae family,contains several major components such as gastrodin,polysaccharides of gastrodia elata,and *** pharmacological studies conducted on gastrodia elata have revealed a variety of therapeutic properties,including antihypertensive,hypolipidemic,analgesic,and sedative-hypnotic ***,in this paper,we summarized the pharmacological effects of gastrodia elata’s major components,namely gastrodin,polysaccharides of gastrodia elata,parishin,and different types of gastrodia elata extracts,on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,hyperglycemia,myocardial ischemia,myocardial hypoxia,myocarditis,and heart ***,we conclude the mechanisms through which these active ingredients exert their therapeutic effects,including antioxidants,anti-inflammatory,and nitric oxide *** provide insights into the therapeutic potential of gastrodia elata with a detailed review of its pharmacological effects and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease protection and therapy,and can better understand the effect of traditional medicines in cardiovascular disease.

关键词： gastrodia elata gastrodin parishin polysaccharides of gastrodia elata gastrodia elata extracts cardiovascular diseases

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Retrospect on the research of the cultivation of gastrodia elata Bl,a rare traditional Chinese medicine

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Chinese Medical Journal 2000年第8期113卷 14-20页

作者：徐锦堂郭顺星 China 100094

PURPOSE: To review the research on the cultivation of gastrodia elata Bl, a rare traditional Chinese medicine. DATA SOURCES: The data come from our previous research and published review articles on G. elata cultivation. STUDY SELECTION: After reviewing the research results on G. elata from 1960 to 1995, we selected the core research on G. elata and a complete cultivation technique of rare traditional Chinese medicine G. elata. DATA EXTRACTION: Some important data were arranged in different tables, and new cultivation methods were reviewed. RESULTS: A. mellea has been found to have inhibiting effects on G. elata seed germination. The seeds are able to sprout only when a nutritional relationship exists between G. elata and a fungus of the same genus as M. osmundicola. The sprouted tubers have to set up a symbiotic relationship with A. mellea during their clone propagation period so as to grow normally. CONCLUSIONS: G. elata has to symbiosize with M. osmundicola and A. mellea so as to complete its life cycle from seed to seed. These findings have revealed the secret of the life cycle of G. elata that has been puzzling biological circles for years.

关键词： gastrodia elata cultivation traditional Chinese medicine

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Determination of Gastrodin Content in gastrodia elata in Bomi of China by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Animal Husbandry and Feed Science 2011年第5期3卷 40-41,44页

作者： XIAO Guo-xin ZHAO Shui-ling XIE Li-ling HAO Hai-li ZHU Yan-kun CHENG Kai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Bomi County Bomi 860300 China Department of Biology College of Science Shantou University Shantou 515063 China

[Objective] To select excellent varieties of gastrodia elata and to determine the most suitable picking season of the plant. [Method] The gastrodin contents in fresh wild G. elata harvested in winter in Bomi County, artificially cultivated fresh G. elata harvested in winter in Bomi County, and nonlocal G. elata were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） under the following conditions., chromato- graphic column, AngilentTc-C18 （5 μm, 4.6 mm × 250.0 mm） ; mobile phase, acetonitrile-water （5：95, V/V） ; wavelength, 220 nm; flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; column temperature, 35℃; and injection volume, 10 μl. The gastrodin contents in G. elata respectively harvested in winter and summer were compared. [ Result] The gastrodin content was higher in the fresh wild G. elata harvested in winter in Bomi County （0.076%） than in the artificially cultivated fresh G. elata harvested in winter in Bomi County （0.045%） and nonlocal G. elata （0.025%）. Additionally, the gastrodin content was higher in G. elata harvested in winter than in those harvested in summer. [ Conclusion] G. elata from Bomi Country is an excellent variety and should be harvested in winter.

关键词： gastrodia elata Bomi County Gastrodin High-performance liquid chromatography

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Identification of Pathogen of gastrodia elata White Silk Disease

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2010年第1期1卷 25-27页

作者：余昌俊王绍柏三峡旅游职业技术学院宜昌市天麻研究所湖北宜昌443100

[ Objective] The aim was to identify the pathogen of gastrodia elata white silk disease and explore prevention and treatment of the disease.[ Method] Infected G. elata, collected from low-mountain regions in Yichang city of Hubei Province, were isolated and purified. Then, Koch＇s Postulate was adopted to inoculate the pathogen. Finally, the identification was carried out according to its biological characteristics. [ Result] The pathogen of white silk disease belongs to weak hyperparasite. Because of its poor direct invasion ability, the pathogen usually invades into host through wound infection. According to its hyphae morphology and pathogenicity, the pathogen of G. elata White Silk Disease has been identified as Sc/erotium ro/fsii Sacc., which belongs to deuteromycotina, hyphomycetes, agonomycetales, fungi of sclerotium genus. [ Conclusion ] The study will provide references for the control of G. elata White Silk Disease caused by S. rolfsii.

关键词： gastrodia elata White Silk Disease Identification Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

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Vasodilatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the ethyl acetate extracts from gastrodia elata

Vasodilatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the ethyl ...

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中国化学会第十二届全国天然有机化学学术会议

作者： Li Gao Xiaoqing Bai Lerong Tao Yixuan Cui Qinyi Wu Cui Yang Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesState Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of EducationYunnan Minzu University

As a saprophytic perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family,gastrodia elata Blume(GEB) has been used since ancient times in China for treating a variety of disorders,such as vertigo,general paralysis,and ***,GEB is also used for the treatment of cardiovascular *** objective of this study was to assess the ethyl acetate extracts of GEB on vascular tone and the mechanisms *** was extracted with 95% EtOH followed by a further extraction with ethyl *** effects of GEB and its ingredients on the isometric tensions of the aortic rings from rats were *** ethyl acetate extract of GEB induced a vasodilatory effect on rat aorta,which was partially dependent on *** chemical compounds isolated from GEB were identified as 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(DB),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(HB),4-methoxybenzyl alcohol(MA),and 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl methane(DM),*** of these compounds induced vasodilatations,which were dependent on the endothelium to different *** pretreatment with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,indomethacin,or methylene blue,the vasodilatations induced by DB,HB,and MA were significantly *** addition,the contractions of the rat aortic rings due to Ca influx and intracellular Ca release were also inhibited by ***,the administration of DB significantly enhanced the productions of nitric oxide(NO) and the activities of the endothelial NO synthase in aorta and in endothelial ***,GEB may play an important role in the amelioration of hypertension by modulating vascular tones.

关键词： gastrodia elata vasodilatation endothelial cell hypertension

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gastrodia elata culture and its clinical application

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2006年第4期7卷 19-23页

作者：肖弥彰肖娟中南大学临床药理研究所湖南长沙410078 中南大学药学院湖南长沙410013

gastrodia elata （the tuber of an orchid） requires a fungus, Mycena osmundicola, to sprout the seeds, and Armillaria mellea mushroom mycelia incorporate into the tuber to maintain its maturation and growth. It prefers light （sandy）, medium （loamy） and heavy （clay） soils. Clinical trials for relieving the main symptoms of hypertension were conducted, with a dose of 1.0-10.0 grams daily of the pure compound （five active ingredients）. Normopress Capsules （250 mg/capsule, 0.5-2.0 grams daily） containing methyldopa were prescribed as a comparison. The results showed high effective rates （〉80%） for types of convulsions, including those that occur with tetanus, epilepsy, stroke, and headaches. In support of treating allergies, it alleviated headaches and general fatigue. It was helpful in clearing the heavy, congested feeling in the head described as the brain fag that accompanies allergies. It treated neurasthenia - weakness, nervous exhaustion and difficult concentrating. The necessity of gastrodia elata cultivation to solve the rapid exhaustion of resourses was pointed out.

关键词： gastrodia elata cultivation technique clinical pharmacology

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Comparative Analysis on the Planting Effects of Four Varieties of gastrodia elata

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第10期18卷 1856-1859页

作者： Lijun CHENG Jianjun LIU Shimin WANG Rui SHI College of Agriculture Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 China

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and medicinal exploitation of gastrodia e/ata. [Method] With four varieties of G. elata （Wu G. elata, Hong G. elata, Lv G. elata, Wu-Hong G. e/ata） as test matedals, box planting method and capillary electrophoresis determination were used to conduct the comparative analysis on the planting effect and biochemical fingerprint of four varieties of G. elata which were planted in the same conditions. [Result] There were no significant differences in the number of juvenile tubers after planting for 5 months, and the variety with the best growth potential was Hong G. elata. At 17 months after cultivation, there were no significant differences in the number of im- mature tubers, but the difference in the weight of immature tubers reached the significant level among the 4 varieties, among which Hong G. elata had the largest weight with the average reaching 3 042.20 g. After planting for 17 months, immature tubers of the 4 varieties were determined using capillary electrophoresis, and 4 large peaks were obtained on the maps, in which the 4th peak and the 1st peak had significant specificity. The 4th peak and 1st peak area ratio of Wu G. elata BI. was greater than or equal to 1, showing no intraspecific variation. [Conclusion] The study on the suitable growth environment and variation occurrence period of G. elata could provide theoretical basis for icultivation of G. elata.

关键词： gastrodia elata Varieties Planting capillary electrophoresis

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