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Multidirectional 3D printed Functionally graded modular joint actuated by TCPFL muscles for soft robots

Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2019年第4期2卷 256-268页

作者： Armita Hamidi Yara Almubarak Yonas Tadesse Humanoid Bio-robotics and Smart Systems(HBS)LaboratoryMechanical Engineering DepartmentThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTX 75080USA

Highly deformable bodies are essential for numerous types of applications in all sorts of environments. Joint-like structures comprising a ball and socket joint have many degrees of freedom that allow mobility of many biomimetic structures. Recently, soft robots are favored over rigid structures for their highly compliant material, high-deformation properties at low forces, and ability to operate in di fficult environments. However, it is still challenging to fabricate complex designs that satisfy application constraints due to the combined e ffects of material properties, actuation method, and structural geometry on the performance of the soft robot. Therefore, a combination of a rigid joint and a soft body can help achieve modular robots with fully functional body morphology. Yet, the fabrication of soft parts requires extensive molding for complex shapes, which comprises several processes and can be time-consuming. In addition, molded connections between extremely soft materials and hard materials can be critical failing points. In this paper, we present a Functionally graded 3D-printed joint-like structure actuated by novel contractile actuators. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) via 3D printing allow for extensive material property enhancement and control which warrant tunable functionalities of the system. The 3D-printed structure is made of 3 rigid ball and socket joints connected in series and actuated by integrating twisted and coiled polymer fishing line ( TCPFL) actuators, which are con fined in the FGM accordion-shaped channels. The implementation of the untethered T CPFL actuation system can be highly bene ficial for deployment in environments that require low vibrations and silent actuation. The fishing line TCP actuators produce an actuation strain up to 40% and bend the joint up to 40° in any direction. The T CPFL can be actuated individually or as a group to control the bending trajectory of the modular joint, which is bene ficial when deployed in areas that contain small crevices. Obtaining c

关键词： Functionally graded 3D-printed Joint Multidirectional Fishing line TCP

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Convective heat transfer characters of nanoparticle enhanced latent Functionally thermal fluid

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第6期52卷 1744-1750页

作者： WANG Liang LIN GuiPing CHEN HaiSheng DING YuLong School of Aeronautical Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Particle Science and Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUK

The latent heat of the microencapsulated phase change material(MPCM)increases the effective ther-mal capacity of latent Functionally thermal fluid.However,researchers found that the heat transfer performance of such fluids was diminished due to the reduction of the low thermal conductivity of MPCM.For this reason,the nanoparticle enhanced latent Functionally thermal fluids were formulated and the heat transfer behaviors of these fluids in a vertical circular tube at the laminar regime were conducted.The result showed that slurries containing 0.5% TiO2 nanoparticles by mass and 5%―20% MPCM by mass exhibited improved heat transfer rates in comparison with the conventional latent Functionally thermal fluid and that the enhancement increased with the increasing MPCM concentration and up to 18.9% of the dimensionless wall temperature was reduced.

关键词： latent Functionally thermal fluid nanoparticle microencapsulated phase change material convective heat transfer

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Coupling Magneto-Electro-Elastic node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method for free vibration and transient analysis of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic structures

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第1期33卷 227-243页

作者： Liming ZHOU Shuhui REN Bin NIE Guikai GUO Xiangyang CUI School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

A Coupling Magneto-Electro-Elastic(MEE)Node-based Smoothed Radial Point Interpolation Method(CM-NS-RPIM)was proposed to solve the free vibration and transient responses of Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic(FGMEE)structures.By introducing the modified Newmark method,the displacement,electrical potential and magnetic potential of the structures under transient mechanical loading were obtained.Based on G space theory and the weakened weak(W2)formulation,the equations of the multi-physics coupling problems were derived.Using triangular background elements,the free vibration and transient responses of three numerical examples were studied.Results proved that CM-NS-RPIM performed better than the standard FEM by reducing the overly-stiff of structures.Moreover,CM-NS-RPIM could reduce the number of nodes while guaranteeing the accuracy.Besides,triangular elements could be generated automatically even for complex geometries.Therefore,the effectiveness and validity of CM-NS-RPIM were demonstrated,which were valuable for the design of intelligence devices,such as energy harvesters and sensors.

关键词： Coupling Magneto-Electro-Elastic node-based smoothed radial point interpolation method Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic Gradient smoothing technique Rayleigh damping Transient responses

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Experimental investigation and analysis on flexural performance of Functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第8期52卷 1648-1664页

作者： LI QingHua XU ShiLang State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Based on the concept of Functionally graded concrete,UHTCC(ultrahigh toughness cementitious composites)material with excellent crack-controlling ability is strategically substituted for part of the concrete,which surrounds the main longitudinal reinforcement in a reinforced concrete member.Investigations on bending behavior of such a Functionally graded composite beam crack-controlled by UHTCC(abbreviated as UHTCC-FGC beam)have been carried out.After establishing a theoretical cal-culation model,the paper discusses the results of four-point bending experiment on long composite beams without web reinforcement,and validates the theoretical formulae through experimental results of UHTCC-FGC beams with different thicknesses of UHTCC layer.Besides improving bearing capacity and saving steel reinforcements,the results indicate that UHTCC-FGC beams can also effectively control the deformation and enhance the ductility of members.At last,the optimal thickness of UHTCC layer in UHTCC-FGC beams has been confirmed,which can not only save materials and improve mechanical performance of members,but also be very effective in preventing corrosion-induced damage and enhancing the durability of members by controlling crack width below 0.05mm under service conditions.

关键词： UHTCC crack control Functionally graded experimental research validation durability

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MICROSTRUCTURE　AND　THERMAL　STRESS　RELAXATION　OF　ZrO_2－Ni　Functionally　GRADED　MATERIAL

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1996年第4期6卷 94-99页

作者： Zhu Jingchuan Yin Zhongda Lai Zhonghong Li Jian(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001) School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

ＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＭＡＬＳＴＲＥＳＳＲＥＬＡＸＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＺｒＯ_２－ＮｉＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＡＬＬＹＧＲＡＤＥＤＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬ￥ＺｈｕＪｉｎｇｃｈｕａｎ；ＹｉｎＺｈｏｎｇｄａ；ＬａｉＺｈｏｎ... 详细信息

ＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＴＨＥＲＭＡＬＳＴＲＥＳＳＲＥＬＡＸＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＺｒＯ_２－ＮｉＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＡＬＬＹＧＲＡＤＥＤＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬ￥ＺｈｕＪｉｎｇｃｈｕａｎ；ＹｉｎＺｈｏｎｇｄａ；ＬａｉＺｈｏｎｇｈｏｎｇ；ＬｉＪｉａｎ（Ｓｃｈｏ?..

关键词： Functionally graded material zirconia nickel microstructure thermal stress relaxation

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Thermo-magnetic analysis of thick-walled spherical pressure vessels made of Functionally graded materials

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第6期40卷 751-766页

作者： M. A. NEMATOLLAHI A. DINI M. HOSSEINI Department of Biosystems Engineering College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShiraz 71441-65186Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhad 91775-1111Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Sirjan University of TechnologySirjan 78137-33385Iran

This study presents an analytical solution of thermal and mechanical displacements, strains, and stresses for a thick-walled rotating spherical pressure vessel made of Functionally graded materials (FGMs). The pressure vessel is subject to axisymmetric mechanical and thermal loadings within a uniform magnetic field. The material properties of the FGM are considered as the power-law distribution along the thickness. Navier’s equation, which is a second-order ordinary differential equation, is derived from the mechanical equilibrium equation with the consideration of the thermal stresses and the Lorentz force resulting from the magnetic field. The distributions of the displacement, strains, and stresses are determined by the exact solution to Navier’s equation. Numerical results clarify the influence of the thermal loading, magnetic field, non-homogeneity constant, internal pressure, and angular velocity on the magneto-thermo-elastic response of the Functionally graded spherical vessel. It is observed that these parameters have remarkable effects on the distributions of radial displacement, radial and circumferential strains, and radial and circumferential stresses.

关键词： analytical solution magnetic field thermal loading rotating thick-walled spherical pressure vessel Functionally graded material (FGM)

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The recent progress of Functionally graded CNT reinforced composites and structures

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第3期63卷 8-24页

作者： Kim Meow Liew Zhouzhou Pan Lu-Wen Zhang Department of Engineering Mechanics School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

In the last decade,the Functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composites(FG-CNTRCs)have attracted considerable interest due to their excellent mechanical properties,and the structures made of FG-CNTRCs have found broad potential applications in aerospace,civil and ocean engineering,automotive industry,and smart structures.Here we review the literature regarding the mechanical analysis of bulk CNTR nanocomposites and FG-CNTRC structures,aiming to provide a clear picture of the mechanical modeling and properties of FG-CNTRCs as well as their composite structures.The review is organized as follows:(1)a brief introduction to the Functionally graded materials(FGM),CNTRCs and FG-CNTRCs;(2)a literature review of the mechanical modeling methodologies and properties of bulk CNTRCs;(3)a detailed discussion on the mechanical behaviors of FG-CNTRCs;and(4)conclusions together with a suggestion of future research trends.

关键词： Functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite modeling methodology mechanical properties beam plate shell

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An analytical study of vibration in Functionally graded piezoelectric nanoplates: nonlocal strain gradient theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第12期40卷 1723-1740页

作者： Z.SHARIFI R.KHORDAD A.GHARAATI G.FOROZANI Department of Physics Payame Noor UniversityTehran 19395-3697Iran department of physics college of scienceyasouj universityyasouj 75914-353iran

In this paper,we analytically study vibration of Functionally graded piezoelectric(FGP)nanoplates based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory.The top and bottom surfaces of the nanoplate are made of PZT-5H and PZT-4,respectively.We employ Hamilton’s principle and derive the governing differential equations.Then,we use Navier’s solution to obtain the natural frequencies of the FGP nanoplate.In the first step,we compare our results with the obtained results for the piezoelectric nanoplates in the previous studies.In the second step,we neglect the piezoelectric effect and compare our results with those obtained for the Functionally graded(FG)nanoplates.Finally,the effects of the FG power index,the nonlocal parameter,the aspect ratio,and the lengthto-thickness ratio,and the nanoplate shape on natural frequencies are investigated.

关键词： nonlocal strain gradient nanoplate Functionally graded piezoelectric(FGP)

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A nonlocal strain gradient shell model incorporating surface effects for vibration analysis of Functionally graded cylindrical nanoshells

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第12期40卷 1695-1722页

作者： Lu LU Li ZHU Xingming GUO Jianzhong ZHAO Guanzhong LIU Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering School of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta School of Mathematics and Computational Sciences Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105 Hunan Province China

In this pap er, a novel size-dep endent Functionally graded (FG) cylindrical shell model is develop ed based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory in conjunction with the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity theory . The new model containing a nonlocal parameter, a material length scale parameter, and several surface elastic constants can capture three typical typ es of size e ects simultaneously , which are the nonlocal stress ef- fect, the strain gradient e ect, and the surface energy e ects. With the help of Hamilton’s principle and rst-order shear deformation theory , the non-classical governing equations and related b oundary conditions are derived. By using the prop osed model, the free vibra- tion problem of FG cylindrical nanoshells with material prop erties varying continuously through the thickness according to a p ower-law distribution is analytically solved, and the closed-form solutions for natural frequencies under various b oundary conditions are obtained. After verifying the reliability of the prop osed model and analytical method by comparing the degenerated results with those available in the literature, the in uences of nonlocal parameter, material length scale parameter, p ower-law index, radius-to-thickness ratio, length-to-radius ratio, and surface e ects on the vibration characteristic of func- tionally graded cylindrical nanoshells are examined in detail.

关键词： nonlocal strain gradient theory surface elasticity theory rst-order shear deformation theory vibration Functionally graded (FG) cylindrical nanoshell

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Free vibration of non-uniform axially Functionally graded beams using the asymptotic development method

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2019年第1期40卷 85-96页

作者： Dongxing CAO Yanhui GAO College of Mechanical Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Vibrations and Strength of Mechanical Structures

The asymptotic development method is applied to analyze the free vibration of non-uniform axially Functionally graded(AFG) beams, of which the governing equations are differential equations with variable coefficients. By decomposing the variable flexural stiffness and mass per unit length into reference invariant and variant parts, the perturbation theory is introduced to obtain an approximate analytical formula of the natural frequencies of the non-uniform AFG beams with different boundary conditions.Furthermore, assuming polynomial distributions of Young's modulus and the mass density, the numerical results of the AFG beams with various taper ratios are obtained and compared with the published literature results. The discussion results illustrate that the proposed method yields an effective estimate of the first three order natural frequencies for the AFG tapered beams. However, the errors increase with the increase in the mode orders especially for the cases with variable heights. In brief, the asymptotic development method is verified to be simple and efficient to analytically study the free vibration of non-uniform AFG beams, and it could be used to analyze any tapered beams with an arbitrary varying cross width.

关键词： axially Functionally graded(AFG)beam non-uniform natural frequency asymptotic development method

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