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functional Inferences of Environmental Coccolithovirus biodiversity

Virologica Sinica 2013年第5期28卷 291-302页

作者： Jozef I Nissimov Mark Jones Johnathan A Napier Colin B Munn Susan A Kimmance Michael J Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place University of Nottingham School of BiosciencesSutton Bonington Campus Department of Biological Chemistry Rothamsted Research School of Marine Science & Engineering Plymouth University

The cosmopolitan calcifying alga Emiliania huxleyi is one of the most abundant bloom forming coccolithophore species in the oceans and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycling. Coccolithoviruses are a major cause of coccolithophore bloom termination and have been studied in laboratory, mesocosm and open ocean studies. However, little is known about the dynamic interactions between the host and its viruses, and less is known about the natural diversity and role of functionally important genes within natural coccolithovirus communities. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of coccolithoviruses by the use of molecular fingerprinting techniques PCR, DGGE and genomie sequencing. The natural biodiversity of the virus genes encoding the major capsid protein （MCP） and serine palmitoyltransferase （SPT） were analysed in samples obtained from the Atlantic Meridional Transect （AMT）, the North Sea and the L4 site in the Westem Channel Observatory. We discovered nine new coccolithovirus genotypes across the AMT and L4 site, with the majority of MCP sequences observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum layer of the sampled sites on the transect. We also found four new SPT gene variations in the North Sea and at L4. Their translated fragments and the full protein sequence of SPT from laboratory strains EhV-86 and EhV-99B 1 were modelled and revealed that the theoretical fold differs among strains. Variation identified in the structural distance between the two domains of the SPT protein may have an impact on the catalytic capabilities of its active site. In summary, the combined use of ＇standard＇ markers （i.e. MCP）, in combination with metabolically relevant markers （i.e. SPT） are useful in the study of the phylogeny and functional biodiversity of coccolithoviruses, and can provide an interesting intracellular insight into the evolution of these viruses and their ability to infect and replicate within their algal hosts.

关键词： Coccolithovirus Major capsid protein Serine palmitoyltransferase functional biodiversity

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Annual yields of multispecies grassland mesocosms outperformed monocultures across a drought gradient due to complementarity effects and rapid recovery

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 309-321页

作者： Eamon Haughey Jennifer C.McElwain John A.Finn Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Atlantic Technological UniversityGalwayIreland Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Background:More frequent and severe drought events due to climate change pose a major challenge for sustainable forage production in managed *** study investigated whether multispecies grassland communities can provide greater resistance to and/or recovery from drought compared to monoculture ***:Mesocosms of Lolium perenne L.,Cichorium intybus L.,Trifolium repens *** Trifolium pratense *** established as monocultures,and a four-species mixture.A drought gradient with five levels of water supply ranging from a mild to a severe treatment was applied for 10 weeks,in each of 2 *** biomass was harvested to assess drought resistance,drought recovery and annual *** mass density and specific root length were measured in Year ***:Across the drought gradient,four-species communities had significantly larger annual yields than each of the four monocultures,indicating transgressive *** was despite relatively low drought resistance for four-species communities compared with *** and *** *** of yields following drought was high for all ***:Multispecies swards with complementary traits can provide a viable adaptation option across a wide range of drought *** of a stress gradient methodology allowed a more detailed understanding of stress responses.

关键词： climate change drought forage production functional biodiversity perturbation gradient resilience root traits

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