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Sludge composition and characteristics shaped microbial community and further determined process performance: A study on full-scale thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion processes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 96-107页

作者： Wei Liu Chenxiang Sun Wei Li Tianle Li Zhan Chen Jiawei Wang Zhengran Ren Xianghua Wen School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Jinneng Holding Group DatongShanxi 037000China Research and Development Center Beijing Drainage Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 100124China Beijing Dabeinong Science and Technology Group Co. Ltd.Beijing 100080China

Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment is a promising process for excess sludge treatment,while there lacks of the knowledge from full-scale process about the impact of sludge composition and characteristics on microbial community and performance.The sludge physiochemical indices,microbial community and performance data of four full-scale TH-AD plants were characterized,and their relationships was elucidated.The four plants were operated under almost similar total organic loading rate (OLR)but their methanogenesis performance differentiate into two groups,namely superior group(SupG) and the inferior group (Inf G).In both groups,TH effectively solubilized particulate organic compounds,meanwhile raised the ammonia nitrogen (NH_(4)^(+)-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration.Compared with the Sup G,thermal hydrolyzed sludge of Inf G had higher level of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and total chemical oxygen demand (t COD),which showed higher inhibition effect on microbes,leading to a community with lower diversity,lower abundance of carbohydrate degrading functional guild,higher protein degrading one,and methanogens that adapted to limited substrates,and further declined the methane production rate.Thus,it was recommended that OLR alone was not sufficient for controlling the system in design and operation,the concentration of VFAs,NH_(4)^(+)-N and t COD should be equally considered.Their higher concentration,together with the higher abundance of Defluviitoga and Proteiniphilum were recommended as indicators for inferior running condition.Our results proposed that microbial communities played a role of bridge between environmental factors and performance,provided implications for engineering ecology and operational regulation for full-scale sludge TH-AD process.

关键词： Thermal hydrolysis Anaerobic digestion Microbial community full-scale

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Life cycle assessment of homogeneous Fenton process as pretreatment for refractory pharmaceutical wastewater

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 1-11页

作者： Maojun Zou Jie Wei Yuanyuan Qian Yanjing Xu Zhihuang Fang Xuejing Yang Zhiyuan Wang School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Shanghai Engineering Laboratory of Lean Operational Technologies for full Water System East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Mcwong Environmental Technology Company Limited Shanghai 200135China National Engineering Laboratory of High Concentration and Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technology East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

The applicability of the life cycle assessment(LCA)to the Fenton process should be considered not only at the laboratory-scale but also at the full-scale.In this study,the LCA process was applied to evaluate the homo-geneous Fenton process for the treatment of high salinity pharmaceutical wastewater.The potential environmental impacts were calculated using Simapro software implemen-ting the CML 2001 methodology with normalization factors of 1995 world.Foreground data obtained directly from the full-scale wastewater treatment plant and labora-tory were used to conduct a life cycle inventory analysis,ensuring highly accurate results.By normalized results,the Fenton process reveals sensitive indicators,primarily toxi-city indicators(human toxicity,freshwater aquatic toxicity,and marine aquatic toxicity),as well as acidification and eutrophication impacts,contributed by hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration,respectively.Overall,hydrogen peroxide and iron sludge incineration contribute significantly,accounting for at least 78%of these indicators.In sludge treatment phase,treatment of iron mud and infrastructure of hazardous waste incineration plants were the key contributors of environmental impacts,adding up to more than 95%.This study suggests the need to develop efficient oxidation processes and effective iron sludge treatment methods to reduce resource utilization and improve environmental benefits.

关键词： advanced oxidation processes full-scale life cycle assessment Fenton process pharmaceutical high-salinity wastewater

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Experimental and analytical study on design performance of full-scale viscoelastic dampers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第4期17卷 693-706页

作者： Shiang-Jung Wang I-Chen Chiu Chung-Han Yu Kuo-Chun Chang Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Chinese Taipei Department of Civil Engineering Taiwan University (NTU) Taipei Chinese Taipei Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) Taipei Chinese Taipei

Viscoelastic（VE） dampers, with their stiffness and energy dissipation capabilities, have been widely used in civil engineering for mitigating wind-induced vibration and seismic responses of structures, thus enhancing the comfort of residents and serviceability of equipment inside. In past relevant research, most analytical models for characterizing the mechanical behavior of VE dampers were verified by comparing their predictions with performance test results from small-scale specimens, which might not adequately or conservatively represent the actual behavior of full-scale dampers, especially with regard to the ambient temperature, temperature rise, and heat convection effects. Thus, in this study, by using a high-performance testing facility with a temperature control system, full-scale VE dampers were dynamically tested with different displacement amplitudes, excitation frequencies, and ambient temperatures. By comparing the analytical predictions with the experimental results, it is demonstrated that adopting the fractional derivative method together with considering the effects of excitation frequencies, ambient temperatures, temperature rises, softening, and hardening, can reproduce the design performance of full-scale VE dampers very well.

关键词： viscoelastic damper full-scale designperformance dynamic test fractional derivative model

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Object-level change detection based on full-scale image segmentation and its application to Wenchuan Earthquake

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 110-122页

作者： GONG JianYa,SUI HaiGang,SUN KaiMin,MA GuoRui & LIU JunYi State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan China

Aiming at object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scale in object-level change detection,a new object-level change detection method based on the full-scale object tree is presented in this paper.The core idea of this new algorithm is to establish the full-scale object tree based on convexity model theory and integrate full-scale image segmentation techniques and change detection into the whole process.Some Wenchuan Earthquake images are taken as an example to discuss the new method for earthquake damage detection and evaluation in urban area,landslide detection,and extraction of barrier lake boundary.The application shows that the new method is robust and it provides an advanced tool for the quantitative detection and evaluation of earthquake damage.

关键词： change detection convexity model image segmentation full-scale object tree Wenchuan Earthquake

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Dynamic behavior of new cutting subgrade structure of expensive soil under train loads coupling with service environment

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第4期24卷 875-890页

作者：邱明明杨果林申权杨啸王刚林宇亮 School of Civil Engineering Central South University Department of Civil Engineering Monash University

Expansive soil is sensitive to dry and wet environment change. And the volume deformation and inflation pressure of expansive soil may induce to cause the deformation failure of roadbed or many other adverse effects. Aimed at a high-speed railway engineering practice in the newly built Yun-Gui high-speed railway expansive soil section in China, indoor vibration test on a full-scaled new cutting subgrade model is carried out. Based on the established track-subgrade-foundation of expansive soil system dynamic model test platform, dynamic behavior of new cutting subgrade structure under train loads coupling with extreme service environment(dry, raining, and groundwater level rising) is analyzed comparatively. The results show that the subgrade dynamic response is significantly influenced by service conditions and the dynamic response of subgrade gradually becomes stable with the increasing vibration times under various service environment conditions. The vertical dynamic soil stress is related with the depth in an approximate exponential function, and the curves of vertical dynamic soil stress present a "Z" shape distribution along transverse distance. The peak value of dynamic soil stress appears below the rail, and it increases more obviously near the roadbed surface. However, the peak value of dynamic soil stress is little affected outside 5.0 m of center line. The vibration velocity and acceleration are in a quadratic curve with an increase in depth, and the raining and groundwater level rising increase both the vibration velocity and the acceleration. The vertical deformations at different depths are differently affected by service environment in roadbed. The deformation of roadbed increases sharply when the water gets in the foundation of expansive soil, and more than 60% of the total deformation of roadbed occurs in expansive soil foundation. The laid waterproofing and drainage structure layer, which weakens the dynamic stress and improves the track regularity, presents a positive effect on the control deform

关键词： high-speed railway full-scale model testing dynamic response expansive soil service environment new subgrade structure

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Experimental study on the temperature evolution in the railway brake disc

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2019年第5期9卷 308-311,I0005页

作者： Aleksander Yevtushenko Michal Kuciej Piotr Wasilewski Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Bialystok University of Technology(BUT)45C Wiejska StreetBialystok 15-351Poland Frimatrail Frenoplast S.A Watykańska 1505-200 MajdanPoland

Increasing operating speed of modern passenger railway vehicles leads to higher thermal load onthe braking system. Organic composite brake pads are poor thermal conductors, hence frictionalheat is absorbed mainly by the disc. In this study three brake pad types were tested on thedynamometer. Metallic fibres, steel and copper, were introduced to the formulation of twomaterials. The third was a non-metallic material - a reference case. Dynamometer test comprisedemergency brake applications to determine the frictional characteristics of the materials andconstant-power drag braking to analyse the effect of metal fibres on temperature evolution,measured by six thermocouples embedded in the brake disc. Mean friction coefficient is analysedand discussed. It is concluded that conductive fibre in the friction material formulation mayinfluence its tribological characteristics. Despite high thermal conductivity, metal fibres in theconcentration tested in this study, did not reduce temperature of the brake disc.

关键词： Railway disc brake Heat partition Thermal conductivity full-scale dynamometer test

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Cyclic responses of three 2-story seismic concentrically braced frames

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2010年第3期4卷 287-301页

作者： Ching-Yi TSAI Keh-Chyuan TSAI Chih-Han LIN Chih-Yu WEI Kung-Juin WANG Yi-Jer YU An-Chien WU Department of Civil Engineering Taiwan UniversityTaipeiChina

Three full scale two-story steel concentrically braced frames(CBFs)were tested at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering(NCREE)in Taipei.The specimen is a single bay with the braces arranged in a two-story X-brace configuration.The main differences among the three tests are the brace types(hollow structural or wide-flange section)and the design criteria adopted for the gusset plate connections.Results of these three tests confirm that the two-story X-shape steel CBFs all have rather good energy dissipation characteristics up to a story drift of about 0.03 radians under the cyclically increasing lateral displacements.Severe brace local buckling and out-of-plane displacements were observed during each test.Tests confirm that both the 2tlinear and 8t-elliptical designs of the gusset plate connection provide satisfactory ductility for the steel CBF.Hollow structural section(HSS)braces fractured at a story drift smaller than that found using wide flange sections.The nonlinear fine element method(FEM)program ABAQUS was used to simulate the responses of the specimen.The base shear versus the story drift relationships obtained from the tests and the FEM analytical results are quite agreeable in various levels of lateral frame displacement.The analytical results confirm that the severe out-of-plane buckling of the braces can be accurately simulated.FEM analyses also illustrate that the steel moment resisting frame takes about 40%story shear when the inter-story drift is greater than 0.02 radians.

关键词： concentrically braced frame(CBF) full-scale

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Horizontal Fire Spread in a Contemporary Apartment Based on a Real Fire

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2019年第4期9卷 367-385页

作者： Stefanie Schubert-Polzin Alexander Saupe Ulrich Krause Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal Department of Water Environment Construction and Safety BreitscheidstraBe 2 Magdeburg Germany Institute of Apparatus and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Process and Systems Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Universitätsplatz 2 Magdeburg Germany

The apartment fire tests comprise a set of two full-scale fire experiments in a dwelling building made from pre-fabricated concrete elements in April 2013. Two apartments were nearly identically furnished and fully instrumented with thermocouples, video cameras and gas extraction probes. The apartments were ignited successively whereupon the fire in the second apartment developed freely to post-flashover conditions and got the main focus in this report. The apartment was completely furnished with contemporary furniture and objects, and had an average fire load density for residential occupancy. A full description of the fire load, ventilation conditions and instrumentation are provided. The focus of this report is primarily to obtain conclusions on the horizontal spread of smoke throughout the apartment during the fire growth period. Velocities of smoke spreading were measured to be in the range below 0.05 m/s which means that the smoke migrated over the longest distance throughout the apartment for about 3 to 4 minutes while the flame did not leave the initial fire room. The main aim of the experiments was to collect a comprehensive set of data from a realistic and contemporary fire scenario to validate numerical simulations.

关键词： Apartment Fire Horizontal Fire Spread Smoke Spreading full-scale Fire Test

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Evaluation and Analysis of Hospital Disaster Preparedness in Jeddah

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Health 2014年第19期6卷 2668-2687页

作者： Nidaa A. Bajow Shahnaz M. Alkhalil Department of Disaster Medicine Unit King Fahd Security Collage Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan

Introduction: Disaster damage to health systems is a human and health tragedy, results in huge economic losses, deals devastating blows to development goals, and shakes social confidence. Hospital disaster preparedness presents complex clinical operation. It is difficult philosophical challenge. It is difficult to determine how much time, money, and effort should be spent in preparing for an event that may not occur. Health facilities whether hospitals or rural health clinics, should be a source of strength during emergencies and disasters. They should be ready to save lives and to continue providing essential emergencies and disasters. Jeddah has relatively a level of disaster risk which is attributable to its geographical location, climate variability, topography, etc. This study investigates the hospital disaster preparedness (HDP) in Jeddah. Methods: Questionnaire was designed according to five Likert scales. It was divided into eight fields of 33 indicators: structure, architectural and furnishings, lifeline facilities’ safety, hospital location, utilities maintenance, surge capacity, emergency and disaster plan, and control of communication and coordination. Sample of six hospitals participated in the study and rated to the extent of disaster preparedness for each hospital disaster preparedness indicators. Two hazard tools were used to find out the hazards for each hospital. An assessment tool was designed to monitor progress and effectiveness of the hospitals’ improvement. Weakness was found in HDP level in the surveyed hospitals. Disaster mitigation needs more action including: risk assessment, structural and non-structural prevention, and preparedness for contingency planning and warning and evacuation. Conclusion: The finding shows that hospitals included in this study have tools and indicators in hospital preparedness but with lack of training and management during disaster. So the research shed light on hospital disaster preparedness. Considering the importance of preparedness in disaster, it is neces

关键词： Hospital Disaster Preparedness Indicators (HDPI) Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HDP) Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) full-scale Exercises (FSE) Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Hypothesis (H)

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Spatio-Temporal Polar-Inclined Space Mission Architecture for a Refined Retrieve of the Earth’s Gravity Field

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2019年第4期7卷 640-651页

作者： Basem Elsaka Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation University of Bonn Bonn Germany National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) Cairo Egypt

Future satellite gravity missions (FGMs) have been intensively studied during the last recent years for the era beyond the successful previous GRACE and current GRACE Follow-on satellite missions. Previous studies have investigated the gravity field recovery derived from combined two satellite-pairs (referred here as PI-FGM, a single polar satellite-pair like the GRACE mission combined with another inclined satellite-pair) with different orbital heights of few kilometers and different repeat orbital periods. In this contribution, new innovative idea is introduced by designing the inclined satellite-pair of the FGM at the same orbital height of the polar-type with shifted spatio-temporal (ST-FGM) orbital parameters to avoid any possible collision risk between the two satellite-pairs, polar and inclined, of the FGM architecture. The repeat orbits issue will be taken into consideration through the manuscript and will be set as identical as possible for a fair comparison. The findings through a full-scale simulation analysis show that the new design of shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) mission architecture basically outperforms the two satellite-pairs having different orbital heights (i.e. the PI-FGM mission configuration). Regarding the gravity field recovery, the ST-FGM architecture retrieves the geoid heights with standard deviations of about 17.0 mm providing more isotropic error distribution. An overall improvement by a factor of about 80 and 60 is provided by the ST-FGM and PI-FGM mission architectures, respectively, with respect to the GRACE-like formation and a factor of about 2.4 and 1.8, respectively, with respect to the smoothed gravity solution using the Gaussian filter at radius 400 km. Therefore, the shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) is worthy recommended as stable mission architecture and would be considered as one of the future gravity missions.

关键词： Space Mission Architectures Orbit Design Repeat Orbit Gravity Field Recovery full-scale Simulation

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