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fuelwood assessment at the micro-watershed level:a case study in Garhwal Himalaya,India

Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第2期13卷 177-186页

作者： Y.S.C.Khuman Nancy Raina Ranjita Pandey K.S.Rao School of Agriculture Indira Gandhi National Open University Department of Botany University of Delhi Department of Statistics University of Delhi

Biomass,as fuelwood,is one of the major sources of energy in rural areas,especially in the mountainous regions of the *** the increasing human population exerts more pressure on the forest thereby inducing an adverse effect on the sustainability of the ecosystem,which consequently causes fuelwood crisis at a local level,this crisis is spatio-temporal in ***,the major objective of this study is to assess the sustainability of fuelwood at different probable scenarios at a micro watershed *** present study was conducted in the Phakot watershed,the Tehri Garhwal district of central Himalaya in India,during *** on the vegetation composition in the study area,the net primary productivity(NPP)value of the Oak forest,and mixed oak and sal forests,was used for the quantification of fuelwood availability in evergreen and deciduous forests,*** fuelwood demand was calculated on the basis of seasonal fuelwood consumption *** probable permutations for availability-demand scenarios assuming the existence of high(H),low(L)and average(A)conditions were analyzed for evaluating the *** available annual harvestable fuelwood in the watershed is in the minimum and maximum ranges of 2283.28 to 4066.00 tons,respectively,per year whereas it has a demand of 110.76 tons as the minimum to 3659 tons as the maximum *** shows that in the current availabilitydemand scenario,the watershed does not have fuelwood crisis in the present situation but needs to maintain the sustainability of the *** on our study,it is concluded that,globally,more spatio-temporal study is required to understand the issues at the local level.

关键词： watershed fuelwood assessment biomass stress sustainability

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Development and Evaluation of Species-Specific Biomass Models for Most Common Timber and fuelwood Species of Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Forestry 2020年第1期10卷 172-185页

作者： Mahmood Hossain Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique S. M. Rubaiot Abdullah Chameli Saha S. M. Zahirul Islam Md. Zaheer Iqbal Mariam Akhter Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Forest Inventory Division Bangladesh Forest Research Institute Chittagong Bangladesh Deputy Conservator of Forests Bangladesh Forest Department Dhaka Bangladesh Bangladesh Forest Department Assistant Conservator of Forest Bangladesh Forest Department Dhaka Bangladesh

Allometric biomass models are efficient tools to estimate biomass of trees and forest stands in a non-destructive way. Development of species-specific allometric biomass models requires extensive fieldwork and time. Our study aimed to generate species-specific allometric biomass models for the most common fuelwood and timber species of Bangladesh. We also wanted to evaluate the performances of our models relative to the performances of regional and commonly used pan-tropical biomass models. We used semi-destructive method that incorporates tree-level volume, species-specific biomass expansion factor (BEF), and wood density. We considered four base models, 1) Ln (biomass) = a + bLn (D);2) Ln (biomass) = a + bLn (H);3) Ln (Biomass) = a + bLn (D^2H);4) Ln (Biomass) = a + bLn (D) + cLn (H) to develop species-specific best-fitted models for Total Above-Ground Biomass (TAGB) and stem biomass. The best-fitted model for each species was selected by the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Residual Standard Error (RSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The derived best-fitted models were then evaluated with respect to regional and pan-tropical models using a separate set of observed data. This evaluation was conducted by computing ME (Model Efficiency) and MPE (Model Prediction Error). The best-fitted allometric biomass models have shown higher model efficiency (0.85 to 0.99 at scale 1) and the lowest model prediction error (-8.94% to 5.27%) compared to the regional and pan-tropical models. All the examined regional and pan-tropical biomass models showed different magnitude of ME and MPE. Some models showed higher level (>0.90 at scale 1) of ME compared to the best-fitted specific species biomass model.

关键词： Allometry Bangladesh Biomass fuelwood Timber Pan-Tropical Model Regional Common Model

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Prospect of fuelwood Plantations for Marginal Small Tea Farmers: A Case Study in Matara and Badulla Districts, Sri Lanka

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Natural Resources 2015年第12期6卷 566-576页

作者： Indika Rohan Plaihakkara Abrar J. Mohammed Ganesh P. Shivakoti Makoto Inoue Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Ruhuna Matara Sri Lanka Department of Global Agricultural Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand

This study demonstrates the importance of conversion of tea farms in marginal land to fuelwood plantation by analyzing the current biophysical, economic and institutional pros and cons of each land uses for marginal small tea plantation holders (MSTH). The study is based on household survey and field investigation conducted in Matara and Badulla Districts of Sri Lanka. Both qualitative and quantitative data on important biophysical, economic and institutional factors was collected from a total of 81 MSTH, 50 from Matara and 31 from Badulla, and fuelwood consuming industries within 20 km of the study area. The result showed that MSTH are facing biophysical and economic problems that are forcing them to leave portion of their tea planation land uncultivated. With ongoing demand increase for fuelwood, presence of tree species already adaptable to the area and favorable property right condition, conversion of the existing marginal land to fuelwood plantation is a viable way to sustainably manage the MSTH farmland. This will also contribute to tackle environmental disasters the area is frequently facing due to abandoning of the marginal tea plantation land.

关键词： Sustainable Land Use Marginalization Tea Industry fuelwood Sri Lanka

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Residential Energy Consumption and Associated Carbon Emission in Forest Rural Area in China: A Case Study in Weichang County

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 792-804页

作者： LUN Fei Josep G. CANADELL XU Zhong-qi HE Lu YUAN Zheng ZHANG Dan LI Wen-hua LIU Mou-cheng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Global Carbon Project CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research GPO Box 3023 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia College of Forestry Agricultural University of Hebei

Rural energy consumption in China has increased dramatically in the last decades, and has become a significant contributor of carbon emissions. Yet there is limited data on energy consumption patterns and their evolution in forest rural areas of China. In order to bridge this gap, we report the findings of field surveys in forest villages in Weichang County as a case study of rural energy consumption in northern China. We found that the residential energy consumption per household is 3313 kgce yr^-1 （kilogram standard coal equivalent per year）, with energy content of 9.7×lO7 kJ yr^-1, including 1783 kgce yr^-1 from coal, 1386 kgce yr^-1 from fuel wood, 96 kgce yr^-1 from electricity, and 49 kgce yr^-1 from LPG. Per capita consumption is 909 kgce yr^-1 and its energy content is 2.7×lO7 kJ yr^-1. Due to a total energy utilization efficiency of 24.6%, all the consumed energy can only supply about 2.4×107 kJ yr^-1 of efficient energy content. Secondly, household energy consumption is partitioned into 2614 kgce yr^-1 for heating, 616 kgce yr^-1 for cooking, and 117 kgce yr^-1 for home appliances. Thirdly, the associated carbon emissions oer household are 2556 kzC yr^-1, includinz1022 kgC yr^-1 from unutilized fuel wood （90% of the total fuel wood）. The rest of emissions come from the use of electricity （212 kgC yr^-1, coal （13Ol kgC yr^-1 and LPG （21 kgC yr^-1. Fourthly, local climate, family size and household income have strong influences on rural residential energy consumption. Changes in storage and utilization practices of fuel can lead to the lO%-30% increase in the efficiency of fuel wood use, leading to reduced energy consumption by 924 kgce yr^-1 per household （27.9% reduction） and 9Ol kgC yr^-1 of carbon emissions （35-3% reduction）.

关键词： Energy consumption Carbon emission Rural areas fuelwood Utilization efficiency

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Local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret Kebele, Basona Worena district, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 381-393页

作者： Solomon Ayele Tadesse Solomon Mulu Tafere Department of Natural Resources Management College of Agriculture and Natural Resource SciencesDebre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Forestry College of AgricultureWollo UniversityP.O.Box 1145DessieEthiopia

Introduction:Growing Eucalyptus at a farm level in the form of woodlot has become popular among rural households in *** example,rural households mainly establish Eucalyptus woodlot as a component of livelihood improvement and diversification to meet household wood demand and generating cash ***,there is lack of information on the growth parmeters of Eucalyptus woodlot and the factors influencing the household decision on their establishment at the individual farmland *** objective of this study was to examine local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret *** hypothesized that local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret Kebele is affected by socioeconomic and cognitive ***:A structured questionnaire comprising closed-and open-ended questions was developed and administered to a total of n=94 households to collect information on local people’s knowledge on the adverse impacts and their attitudes towards growing Eucalyptus *** households were randomly selected through a lottery system based on their house identification *** statistics,binary logit,and multiple linear regression were used to analyze and interpret the ***:The results revealed that about 92%of the respondents noted that growing Eucalyptus woodlot had positive impacts on the socioeconomic situation of the community considering that it contributes to economic benefits through the sale of wood products,such as poles,construction materials,and ***,only 8%of the respondents noted that the negative impacts of Eucalyptus woodlot were attributed to the decline in crop and forage production due to its allelopatic effect,and the reduction in ground water *** of the respondents(about 68%)preferred to grow Eucalyptus woodlot in Gudo Beret ***,most of the respon

关键词： Adverse impacts Binary logit regression Cognitive variables Eucalyptus fuelwood Local communities Multiple linear regression Rural households Socioeconomic variables Woodlot

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Extraction,Utilization Pattern and Prioritization of Fuel Resources for Conservation in Manali Wildlife Sanctuary,Northwestern Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第4期9卷 580-588页

作者： Man S.RANA Sakshi B.RANA S.S.SAMANT Department of Plant Sciences Government CollegeBanjar-Kullu175123Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Plant Sciences Government CollegeKullu175101Himachal PradeshIndia G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment&Development Himachal UnitMohal-Kullu175126Himachal PradeshIndia

fuelwood is the main source of the energy in mountainous ***,annual wood consumption is very *** on fuelwood resources,and their extraction and availability is very ***,present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species,annual collection,preference and availability of fuel species in the *** four species(25 trees and 9 shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the *** collection and species preference was highest for Picea smithiana,Cedrus deodara,Indigofera heterantha,Pinus wallchiana and Sorbaria tomentosa,*** use index indicating use pressure was highest for ***,***,*** and Abies pindrow,*** native species,some non-native horticultural and agroforestry species such as Malus pumila,***,Celtis australis,*** also being used as *** species showed their availability in eight forest types whereas,population and regeneration status was ***,immediate actions are suggested to sustain current and future demand of *** afforestation of degraded,uncultivated and marginal lands through high quality and preferred fuel species might reduce pressure on wild and selective species.

关键词： fuelwood Resource Use Index Communities Conservation

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Changing Vegetation Patterns in Yobe State Nigeria: An Analysis of the Rates of Change, Potential Causes and the Implications for Sustainable Resource Management

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第1期5卷 50-62页

作者： Ali I. Naibbi Brian Baily Richard G. Healey Peter Collier Department of Geography University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK

The exploitation of natural resources for timber production, fuelwood use and conversion to agricultural land is increasing to such an extent that the sustainable use of many areas of the world is in doubt. This paper examines three decades of freely available Landsat satellite images of the northeastern part of Nigeria using a supervised classification based technique to create maps of vegetation change in Yobe State. The maps are then used to examine the temporal and spatial aspects of changes which have occurred in the context of previous evidence and literature. The results indicate that the vegetation of the area has drastically reduced since the 1970’s. However, as this study shows, the pattern of these changes is complicated and cannot be explained by any single physical or anthropogenic causal factor. Similarly, evidence from ground truthing investigation indicates the importance of fuelwood collection to the deforestation process within the region. This article shows the value of an existing remote sensing and image processing methodology for the assessment of vegetation change in developing countries in relation to the sustainable management of natural resources. The study also discusses the overall change within the study area and discusses several potential causative factors of the observed patterns of change.

关键词： Savanna Vegetation Yobe State fuelwood Remote Sensing Land Cover Deforestation Sustainable Management

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Assessment of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Phnom Tbeng Forest Based on Socio-Economic Surveys

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第17期5卷 1641-1653页

作者： Somanta Chan Nophea Sasaki Department of Policy and Management Informatics Graduate School of Applied Informatics University of Hyogo Kobe Japan School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia

Carbon emission reductions through reducing deforestation and forest degradation or REDD+ scheme of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change could not be achieved without understanding the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. Until recently, only a handful of study has focused on such drivers. Cambodia experienced rapid deforestation and forest degradation despite growing international interests in protecting forests for carbon revenue generation. This paper was designed to assess livelihood of forest-dependent community and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Cambodia. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect socio-economic data from 42 households living in Phnom Tbeng forest, where annual deforestation rate was about 2.4% between 2004 and 2009. Our results suggest that local people depend on forests for income generation, subsistence use and social identity. About 90% of the respondents believed that deforestation was resulted from illegal logging, slush and burn agricultural practices, land clearing for large plantation, land encroachment, firewood extraction, charcoal production and forest fire. As the population has increased rapidly and almost 100% of local people depend on fuelwood for cooking, fuelwood collection will continue to cause deforestation and forest degradation unless alternative sources of affordable energy are provided. Appropriate policy interventions should be proposed to reduce the drivers obtained in this study because if drivers cannot be reduced, it is not possible to reduce deforestation and forest degradation, and related carbon emissions.

关键词： Deforestation Forest Degradation fuelwood Collection Poverty REDD+

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