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Haloxylon ammodendron (Amaranthaceae) fruit development delay caused by post-flowering non-inductive photoperiod

Journal of Arid Land 2017年第3期9卷 408-418页

作者： REN Cai YU Tian QU Guanghang WANG Shuang WANG Ze Abudoukeyumu MIJITI ZHANG Hua MA Lin HE Xiaoling MA Hao State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Urumqi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center Urumqi 830011 China Desert Research Institute in the Arid Region Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China

Haloxylon ammodendron （C. A. Mey.） is one of the economically and ecologically important desert trees used for sand fixation. The ovary of H. ammodendron is found not to swell after flowering in spring until at the end of August or early September in western China. However, what happens for ovary at anatomic level in that period and which crucial ecological factor regulates the phenomenon of H. ammodendron have not been fully understood. To characterize the phenomenon and explore the crucial environmental regulating factors, we carried out the morphological and anatomic observations at the different development stages of the fruits and three single-factor experiments （low air temperature, sufficient soil moisture, and short day length）. Our results showed that under the natural conditions, the ovary of H. ammodendron after flowering developed slowly and the morphological changes of fruits were not significant for the period from May to August and after late August or early September; and then the ovary developed rapidly and matured in October. Cell division in embryo was observed to start approximately 25 days after flowering （DAF） and just developed to globular embryo stage at mid-August. Photoperiod was identified as the pivotal environmental factor regulating the fruit development of H. ammodendron. Moreover, the threshold value of day length for the fruit development was 14.0 h. A long day （〉14.0 h） treatment began from 5 DAF could delay fruit development of H. ammodendron while a short day （〈14.0 h） treatment could accelerate it. Moreover, a further longer day treatment （〉15.0 h） could also delay fruit development even when they had developed for a long time （110 DAF）. The present study indicated that H. ammodendron adopted a reproductive strategy of delayed fruit development and this strategy helps it survive and obtain offspring in harsh desert habitats.

关键词： environmental factor fruit development Haloxylon ammodendron photoperiod reproductive strategy

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Tomato fruit development and Ripening Are Altered by the Silencing of LeEIN2 Gene

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1478-1485页

作者： Hong-Liang Zhu Ben-Zhong Zhu Yi Shao Xiao-Guang Wang Xi-Jin Lin Yuan-Hong Xie Ying-Cong Li Hong-Yan Gao Yun-Bo Luo Laboratory of fruit Biology College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China

Loss-of-function ethylene insensitive 2 （EIN2） mutations showed ethylene insensitivity in Arabidopsis, which indicated an essential role of EIN2 in ethylene signaling. However, the function of EIN2 in fruit ripening has not been investigated. To gain a better understanding of EIN2, the temporal regulation of LeEIN2 expres- sion during tomato fruit development was analyzed. The expression of LeEIN2 was constant at different stages of fruit development, and was not regulated by ethylene. Moreover, LeEIN2-silenced tomato fruits were developed using a virus-induced gene silencing fruit system to study the role of LeEIN2 in tomato fruit ripening. Silenced fruits had a delay in fruit development and ripening, related to greatly descended expression of ethylene-related and ripening-related genes in comparison with those of control fruits. These results suggested LeEIN2 positively mediated ethylene signals during tomato development. In addition, there were fewer seeds and Iocules in the silenced fruit than those in the control fruit, like the phenotype of parthenocarpic tomato fruit. The content of auxin and the expression of auxin-regulated gene were declined in silenced fruit, which indicated that EIN2 might be important for crosstalk between ethylene and auxin hormones.

关键词： ethylene fruit development LeEIL1 LeEIN2 tomato virus-induced gene silencing

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Identification of Regulatory DNA Elements Using Genome-wide Mapping of DNase I Hypersensitive Sites during Tomato fruit development

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Molecular Plant 2016年第8期9卷 1168-1182页

作者： Zhengkun Qiu Ren Li Shuaibin Zhang Ketao Wang Meng Xu Jiayang Li Yongchen Du Hong YU Xia Cui Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China These authors contributed equally to this article.

development and ripening of tomato fruit are precisely controlled by transcriptional regulation, which de- pends on the orchestrated accessibility of regulatory proteins to promoters and other c/s-regulatory DNA elements. This accessibility and its effect on gene expression play a major role in defining the develop- mental process. To understand the regulatory mechanism and functional elements modulating morpholog- ical and anatomical changes during fruit development, we generated genome-wide high-resolution maps of DNase I hypersensitive sites （DHSs） from the fruit tissues of the tomato cultivar ＂Moneymaker＂ at 20 days post anthesis as well as break stage. By exploring variation of DHSs across fruit development stages, we pinpointed the most likely hypersensitive sites related to development-specific genes. By detecting binding motifs on DHSs of these development-specific genes or genes in the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway, we revealed the common regulatory elements contributing to coordinating gene transcription of plant ripening and specialized metabolic pathways. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics of genes involved in tomato fruit development and ripening.

关键词： DNase I hypersensitive sites cis-regulatory element gene expression fruit development tomato

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Changes of Aroma Components in Hongdeng Sweet Cherry During fruit development

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第11期6卷 1376-1382页

作者： ZHANG Xu JIANG Yuan-mao PENG Fu-tian HE Nai-bo LI Yan-ju ZHAO Deng-chao Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology Yantai 265500 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P.R. China Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province Jinan 250011 P.R. China Shandong Academy of Forestry Sciences Jinan 250011 P.R. China

To study the changes of aroma components in sweet cherry during fruit development, the aroma components in sweet cherry fruit from the green stage, the color stage, the commercial stage, and the ripe stage were collected using head-space solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME）, and were analyzed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer （GC- MS）. A total of 37 compounds were identified from the sample extracts. Aldehydes, alcohols, and esters were the major constituents. The aroma components behaved differently during the fruit developmental period. C6 aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes were the main aldehydes in the sweet cherry fruit. The contents of C6 aldehydes increased quickly to 84.16% in the color stage, then decreased as ripening proceeded, and then, the contents decreased to 59.20 and 55.58% at the commercial stage and the ripe stage, respectively. The aromatic aldehydes （benzaldehyde） increased as ripening proceeded, and the maximum was found at the ripe stage. Alcohols of sweet cherry fruit included C6 alcohols and aromatic alcohols. The content of （E）-2-hexen-l-ol increased as ripening proceeded. The maximum was found at the commercial stage; alcohol was only found at the ripe stage. Ester components included ethyl acetate, butanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, which increased as the fruit ripened. Hexanal, （E）-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, （E）-2-hexen-l-ol, ethyl acetate, and hexanoic acid ethyl ester were the characteristic aroma components of sweet cherry fruit. These aroma components started to form drastically at the color stage, and the main aroma was formed at the commercial stage, which then turned bad at the ripe stage because of the presence of alcohol. So the optimal harvest time of sweet cherry was at the commercial stage.

关键词： sweet cherry fruit development aroma components solid phase microextraction GC-MS

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the β-amylase genes strongly associated with fruit development,ripening, and abiotic stress response in two banana cultivars

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016年第4期3卷 346-356页

作者： Hongxia MIAO Peiguang SUN Yulu MIAO Juhua LIU Jianbin ZHANG Caihong JIA Jingyi WANG Zhuo WANG Zhiqiang JIN Biyu XU Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Bananas Hainan Province Haikou Experimental StationChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Department of Agriculture Hainan University

β-amylase(BAM) is an important enzyme involved in conversion of starch to maltose in multiple biological processes in plants. However, there is currently insufficient information on the BAM gene family in the important fruit crop banana. This study identified 16 BAM genes in the banana genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ma BAMs were classified into four subfamilies. Most Ma BAMs in each subfamily shared similar gene structures. Conserved motif analysis showed that all identified Ma BAM proteins had the typical glyco hydro14 domains. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of two banana genotypes revealed the expression patterns of Ma BAMs in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development and ripening, and in responses to abiotic stresses. Most Ma BAMs showed strong transcript accumulation changes during fruit development and late-stage ripening. Some Ma BAMs showed significant changes under cold, salt, and osmotic stresses. This finding indicated that Ma BAMs might be involved in regulating fruit development, ripening, and responses to abiotic stress. Analysis of five hormone-related and seven stressrelevant elements in the promoters of Ma BAMs further revealed that BAMs participated in various biological processes. This systemic analysis provides new insights into the transcriptional characteristics of the BAM genes in banana and may serve as a basis for further functional studies of such genes.

关键词： β-amylase banana genome-wide identification fruit development abiotic stress

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Effect of Nitrogen on Apple fruit development in Different Loads

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第6期1卷 674-679页

作者： PENG Fu-tian, JIANG Yuan-mao, GU Man-ru and SHU Huai-rui( Department of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China) Department of Horticulture Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P. R . China

The experiments including soil application N, thinning and priming leaf treatment, using eight -year-old apple trees (M. domestica *** Fuji/ M. hupenensis Rhed) as materials were carried out to study the effect of N on fruit development. The main results were as follows: on heavily thinned trees, SS activity was independent of N and priming leaves treatments. The results show that the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity did not exist, and N application did not stimulate fruit growth rates relative to those on nonfertilized trees; however, N fertilization resulted in a longer fruit development period and increased the growth potential of individual fruit by 20.8% (fresh weight) and 14.1% (dry weight) vs. controls ; in unthinned trees, SS activity was increased by N fertilization but decreased by priming leaves treatment , so the carbohydrate restriction of source to sink activity existed, N fertilization increased the average single fruit weight both by extending the fruit development period and by increasing fruit growth rate, and the increasing rates were 28.2% (fresh weight) and 19.4 % (dry weight) compared to the unthinned nonfertilized controls. fruit soluble sugar and pericarp anthocyanin concentration was decreased by N fertilization.

关键词： Apple Nitrogen fruit development Sucrose synthase

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Characterization of fruit development and kernel component variation in candlenut （Aleurite moluccana）

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Oil Crop Science 2016年第3期1卷 24-29页

作者： Zige Liu Yan Zhang Yu Ning Weiyan Xuan Lei Wang Dou Feng Agriculture College of Guangxi University Nanning China

Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) is an important woody oil plant in the tropi-cal and subtropical regions. In the present study, characteristics of fruit development and changes of kernel components in candlenut during its fruiting season were investigated. It indicate that in southern China the growth and development period of candlenut fruit is from March to September. The period of rapid fruit growth occurs in late March to mid-May. Proteins and fats of mature nuts are accumulated in a critical period during the mid to late fruit development cycle. The optimal period for harvest is mid-August to late September. During fruit development, seed moisture content showed a trend of gradual decrease; it dropped from the initial 96.1% at the early stages of development to 16.9% at maturity. Sol-uble protein and sugar content showed a gradual increase during the initial and mid devel-opment period; it peaked in July and then decreased gradually. Starch content showed a rapid increase and accumulation during the initial and mid development period; it peaked in June, and then rapidly dropped. However, fat content increased continuously as the fruit developed and matured, and the maximum rate of lipid accumulation occurred in the mid-dle stage of fruit development. The preliminary conclusion of this study laid a foundation for making full use of candlenut fruit, especially as biofuels.

关键词： candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) fruit development seed component change

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Identification of regulatory DNA elements using genome-wide mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites during tomato fruit development

Identification of regulatory DNA elements using genome-wide ...

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2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Zhengkun Qiu Ren Li Shuaibin Zhang Ketao Wang Meng Xu Jiayang Li Yongchen Du Hong Yu Xia Cui Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural GenomicsInstitute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

development and ripening of tomato fruit are precisely controlled by transcriptional regulation,which depends on the orchestrated accessibility of regulatory proteins to promoters and other cis-regulatory DNA elements. This accessibility and its effect on gene expression play a major role in defining the developmental process. To understand the regulatory mechanism and functional elements modulating morphological and anatomical changes during fruit development,we generated genomewide high-resolution maps of DNase I hypersensitive sites(DHSs) from the fruit tissues of the tomato cultivar ?Moneymaker? at 20 days post anthesis as well as break stage. By exploring variation of DHSs across fruit development stages,we pinpointed the most likely hypersensitive sites related to development-specific genes. By detecting binding motifs on DHSs of these development-specific genes or genes in the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway,we revealed the common regulatory elements contributing to coordinating gene transcription of plant ripening and specialized metabolic pathways. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory dynamics of genes involved in tomato fruit development and ripening.

关键词： DNase I hypersensitive sites cis-regulatory element gene expression fruit development tomato

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PbGIF1 promoting cell-proliferation in pear fruit is transcriptionally activated by Pb RR1

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 689-697页

作者： Huibin Wang Guangya Sha Rui Gao Jianwen Pang Rui Zhai Chengquan Yang Zhigang Wang Lingfei Xu College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China College of Life Science Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebei 071000China

As a cell proliferation regulator involved in wide biological processes in plants,GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR(GIF)controls different tissues ***,whether GIF participates in fruit development remains *** to transcriptome data,we identified PbGIF1was highly expressed during fruit development in cytokinins induced parthenocarpy *** the present study,the biofunction of PbGIF1 was initially *** of PbGIF1 promoted fruit size of transgenic *** size of flesh fruit was not affected by cell expansion but the cell proliferation was promoted by overexpressing Pb *** accelerated cell proliferation process was also observed in PbGIF1-overexpressed transgenic pear fruit *** transcriptional regulation of cytokinins on PbGIF1 was further confirmed by exogenous CPPU treatments in pear *** investigate the underlying mechanism,the cytokinins-responded factor,PbRR1,was further focused *** results of Yeast-one-hybrid assay suggested that PbRR1 can bind to the promoter sequence of *** transcriptional activation of PbRR1 on PbGIF1 was also confirmed by Dual-Luciferase *** together,the results showed that cytokinins control pear fruit development via the transcriptional activation of PbGIF1 by PbRR1.

关键词： PbGIF1 Cell proliferation Pear fruit development Cytokinins PbRR1

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Genome-wide analysis of OVATE family proteins in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1321-1331页

作者： HAN Li-jie SONG Xiao-fei WANG Zhong-yi LIU Xiao-feng YAN Li-ying HAN De-guo ZHOU Zhao-yang ZHANG Xiao-lan State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops/MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding/China Agricultural University Beijing 100193P.R.China Analysis and Testing Centre Hebei Normal University of Science&TechnologyQinhuangdao 066004P.R.China College of Horticulture Science and Technology Hebei Normal University of Science&TechnologyQinhuangdao 066004P.R.China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Northeast Region Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Horticulture&Landscape ArchitectureNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030P.R.China

OVATE family proteins(OFPs)are plant-specific proteins with a conserved OVATE domain that regulate plant growth and *** OFPs have been studied in several species,their biological functions remain largely unknown in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.).This study identified 19 Cs OFPs distributed on seven chromosomes in *** Cs OFP genes were expressed in reproductive organs,but with different expression *** expression of Cs OFP12-16c in Arabidopsis resulted in shorter and blunt *** overall results indicated that Cs OFP12-16c regulates silique development in Arabidopsis and may have a similar function in cucumber.

关键词： cucumber OVATE family proteins expression pattern Cs OFP12-16c fruit development

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