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Impurity formation mechanism of silicon carbide crystals smelted by Acheson process

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1367-1375页

作者： Dong Feng Hong-qiang Ru Xu-dong Luo Jie-gang You Ling Zhang School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) Institute of Advanced CeramicsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology Benxi 117004LiaoningChina

In order to further promote the application of SiC refractories in modern steel metallurgy,the occurrence forms and formation mechanism of impurities in SiC crystals smelted by Acheson process were *** techniques of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy were combined to examine the types and occurrence forms of impurities in smelted SiC *** results showed that the main impurities in the SiC are free Si,free C,oxides(CaO·Al_(2)O_(3)·2SiO_(2),3Al_(2)O_(3)·2SiO_(2),CaO·SiO_(2) and SiO_(2))and alloy phases(Fe_(x)Si_(y),Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) and Fe_(x)Al_(y)Si_(z)).The formation process of impurities during the smelting of SiC can be described as follows:At high temperature,the SiO_(2) and Fe,Ti related oxide impurities present in the raw materials are reduced to Si,Fe,and Ti metal *** the reduction process,the free Si,Fe_(x)Si_(y) and Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) are precipitated from the melt during *** Si primarily exists in aggregated form within the SiC crystal,while the alloy phase is predominantly found at the interface between SiC and free Si,with Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) embedded within *** the end of the cooling process,other impurity oxides such as Al_(2)O_(3),CaO,and some unreduced SiO_(2) solidify to form calcium-aluminum-silicate glass phases,predominantly located between SiC *** remaining C from the reaction is mainly dispersed as free C within the SiC crystal and at the interface between SiC and free Si.

关键词： Impurity element formation mechanism Smelted SiC crystal SiC refractory Occurrence form

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Geometry and formation mechanism of tension gashes and their implication on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep-seated strata of sedimentary basin:A case from Shunnan area of Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 87-99页

作者： Yan-Nan Du Kong-You Wu Yin Liu Yan-Ying Li Zi-Cheng Cao You-Wei Cui Jun Liu Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas School of GeosciencesChina University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Exploration and Development Research Institute SINOPEC Northwest Oilfield BranchUrumqi 830011XinjiangChina The Fifth Gas Production Plant Changqing OilfieldPetroChinaXi'an 710018ShaanxiChina

With the theoretical and technological developments related to cratonic strike-slip faults,the Shuntuoguole Low Uplift in the Tarim Basin has attracted considerable attention *** by multi-stage tectonic movements,the strike-slip faults have controlled the distribution of hydrocarbon resources owing to the special fault characteristics and fault-related *** contrast,the kinematics and formation mechanism of strike-slip faults in buried sedimentary basins are difficult to investigate,limiting the discussion of these faults and hydrocarbon *** this study,we identified the characteristics of massive sigmoidal tension gashes(STGs)that formed in the Shunnan area of the Tarim ***-resolution three-dimensional seismic data and attribute analyses were used to investigate their geometric and kinematic ***,the stress state of each point of the STGs was calculated using seismic curvature ***,the formation mechanism of the STGs and their roles in controlling hydrocarbon migration and accumulation were *** results suggest that:(1)the STGs developed in the Shunnan area have a wide distribution,with a tensile fault arranged in an enéchelon pattern,showing an S-shaped *** STGs formed in multiple stages,and differential rotation occurred along the direction of strike-slip stress during formation.(2)Near the principal displacement zone of the strike-slip faults,the stress value of the STGs was higher,gradually decreasing at both *** shallow layer deformation was greater than the deep layer deformation.(3)STGs are critical for connecting source rocks,migrating oil and gas,sealing horizontally,and developing efficient *** study not only provides seismic evidence for the formation and evolution of super large STGs,but also provides certain guidance for oil and gas exploration in this area.

关键词： Tarim Basin Sigmoidal tension gashes Seismic attributes Shear stress calculation formation mechanism Reservoir control

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formation mechanism and modulation of electromagnetically induced transparency-like transmission in side-coupled structures

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2020-2026页

作者：杨辉李宏建许秀科何智慧王云徐国均 School of Physics and Electronics Central South University School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University

Based on Fabry model and finite-different time-domain(FDTD) method, the plasmonic structure composed of a metal-insulator-metal(MIM) bus waveguide and a side-coupled resonator was investigated. It is found that the transmission features can be regulated by the cavity width and coupling distance. Electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)-like transmission can be excited by adding an identical resonator on the pre-existing structure. Combining the foregoing theoretical analysis with coupled mode theory(CMT), the formation process of the EIT-like transmission was detailedly analyzed. EIT-like transmission can also be excited in plasmonic structure with two detuned resonators. By altering the structure parameters, the transparency window can be purposefully modulated. With the merits of compact structure and simplicity in fabrication, the proposed structures may have a broad prospect of applications in highly integrated optical circuits.

关键词： metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide side-coupled resonator electromagnetically induced transpareucy (EIT)-like transmission formation mechanism

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formation mechanism of surface oxide layer of grain-oriented silicon steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第3期28卷 327-334页

作者： Jia-long Qiao Fei-hu Guo Sheng-tao Qiu Xing-zhong Zhang Hai-jun Wang National Engineering Research Center of Continuous Casting Technology China Iron&Steel Research Institute GroupBeijing100081China School of Metallurgy and Resources Anhui University of TechnologyMa’anshan243002AnhuiChina

The surface oxide layer of grain-oriented electrical steels was investigated by scanning electron *** formation mechanism and the influence on the glass film of the surface oxide layer were analyzed by the calculation of thermodynamics and *** surface oxide layer with 2.3μm in thickness is mainly composed of SiO_(2),a small amount of FeO and Fe_(2)SiO_(4).During the formation of surface oxide layer,the restriction factor was the diffusion of O in the oxide *** the initial stage of the decarburization annealing,FeO would be formed on the surface ***_(2) and silicate particles rapidly nucleated,grew and formed a granular oxide layer in the *** the oxidation layer thickens,the nucleation of new particles decreases,and the growth of oxide particles would be dominant.A lamellar oxide layer was formed between the surface oxide layer and the steel matrix,and eventually formed a typical three-layer *** the high temperature annealing,MgO mainly reacted with SiO_(2) and Fe_(2)SiO_(4) in the surface oxide layer to form Mg2SiO_(4) and Fe_(2)SiO_(4) would respond first,thus forming the glass film with average thickness of 4.87μm.

关键词： Grain-oriented silicon steel Decarburizing annealing Surface oxide layer formation mechanism Glass film

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formation mechanism and criterion of linear segregation in ZL205A alloy

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第11期24卷 3632-3638页

作者：王晔吴士平薛祥陈瑞润张建兵肖文峰哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院哈尔滨150001 首都航天机械公司北京100071

The experiments and numerical simulation were conducted for ZL205A aluminum alloy cylindrical shell casting. The formation mechanism of the linear segregation produced by the low pressure die casting (LPDC) process was investigated. And the heat transfer of the casting during solidification process was analyzed by simulation technique, resulting from the information of linear segregation obtained by plenty of experiments. The new linear segregation criterion was proposed through the simulation and experimental results. It was found that the melting metal with high Cu contents was feeding the crack shrinkage formed by the tearing under the effect of feeding pressure during the later solidification, which led to the formation of linear segregation. The control methods for the linear segregation were suggested based on the proposed mechanism. Finally, the criterion of linear segregation was confirmed by the production of the actual castings.

关键词： cylindrical shell casting linear segregation formation mechanism criterion control method

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formation mechanism and growth kinetics of TiAl_(3) phase in cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites during annealing

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第2期32卷 524-539页

作者： Jian-yu ZHANG Yan-hui WANG Zheng LÜ Qing-an CHEN Ya-yu CHEN He-zong LI School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Industrial Equipment Technology of Hebei Province Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038China

Cold-rolled Ti/Al laminated composites were annealed at 525−625℃for 0−128 h,and the interfacial microstructure evolution was *** results indicate that only the TiAl_(3) phase was formed at the Ti/Al interface;most of TiAl_(3) grains were fine equiaxed with average sizes ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several microns and the TiAl_(3) grain size increased with increasing annealing time and/or temperature,but the effect of annealing temperature on the TiAl_(3) grain size was far greater than that of annealing *** growth of the TiAl_(3) phase consisted of two *** initial stage was governed by chemical reaction with a reaction activation energy of 195.75 kJ/mol,and the reaction rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was larger as the Ti/Al interface was bonded with fresh *** the second stage,the growth was governed by diffusion,the diffusion activation energy was 33.69 kJ/mol,and the diffusion growth rate constant of the TiAl_(3) phase was mainly determined by the grain boundary diffusion owing to the smaller TiAl_(3) grain size.

关键词： Ti/Al laminated composites annealing growth kinetics TiAl3 phase formation mechanism

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formation mechanism of rockburst in deep tunnel adjacent to faults:Implication from numerical simulation and microseismic monitoring

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Journal of Central South University 2022年第12期29卷 4035-4050页

作者： CHEN Yi-yi XIAO Pei-wei LI Peng ZHOU Xiang LIANG Zheng-zhao XU Nu-wen State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering(Sichuan University) Chengdu 610065China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China CHN Energy Dadu River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Rockbursts were frequently encountered in the construction of deeply buried tunnels at the Jinping-II hydropower station, Southwest China. In those cases, the existence of large structural planes, such as faults, was usually observed near the excavation boundaries. The formation mechanism of the “11·28” rockburst, which was a typical rockburst and occurred in a drainage tunnel under a deep burial depth, high in-situ stress state and complex geological conditions, has been difficult to explain. Realistic failure process analysis(RFPA3D) software was adopted to numerically simulate the whole failure process of the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel subjected to excavation. The spatial distribution of acoustic emission derived from numerical simulation contributed to explaining the mechanical responses of the process. Analyses of the stress, safety reserve coefficient and damage degree were performed to reveal the effect of faults on the formation of rockbursts in the deep tunnel. The existence of faults results in the formation of stress anomaly areas between the tunnel and the fault. The surrounding rock mass failure propagates toward the fault from the initial failure, to different degrees. The relative positions and angles of faults play significant roles in the extent and development of surrounding rock mass failure, respectively. The increase in the lateral stress coefficient leads to the aggravation of the surrounding rock mass damage, especially in the roof and floor of the tunnel. Moreover, as the rock strength-stress ratio increases, the failure mode of the near-fault tunnel gradually changes from the stress-controlled type to the compound-controlled type. These findings were consistent with the microseismic monitoring results and field observations, which was helpful to understand the mechanical behavior of tunnel excavation affected by faults. The achievements of this study can provide some references for analysis of the failure mechanisms of similar d

关键词： near-fault tunnel rockburst numerical simulation formation mechanism microseismic monitoring

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formation mechanism and control strategy for particulate nitrate in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 476-486页

作者： Haichao Wang Keding Lu Zhaofeng Tan Xiaorui Chen Yuhan Liu Yuanhang Zhang School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8:TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52428Germany Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 100193China

Over the past decade,fine particulate matter(PM)pollution in China has been abated significantly,benefiting from strict emission control measures,but particulate nitrate continues to ***,we review the progress in particulate nitrate(p NO3-)pollution characterization,nitrate formation mechanisms,and the proposed control strategies in *** spatial and temporal distributions of p NO3-are *** current status of knowledge on the chemical mechanism is updated,and the significance of its formation pathways is assessed by various approaches such as field observation and modelling of nitrate production rate,as well as isotopic *** factors impacting p NO3-formation and the corresponding pollution regulation strategies are discussed,in which the importance of atmospheric oxidation capacity and ammonia are ***,the challenges and open questions in p NO3-pollution control in China are outlined.

关键词： Particulate nitrate Reactive nitrogen Particulate matter formation mechanism Air pollution control

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formation mechanism of MgB_2 in 2LiBH_4+MgH_2 system for reversible hydrogen storage

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第5期21卷 1040-1046页

作者：寇化秦肖学章陈立新李寿权王启东浙江大学材料科学与工程学系杭州310027

The formation conditions of MgB2 in 2LiBH4 ＋ MgH2 system during dehydrogenation were investigated and its mechanism was discussed. The results show that direct decomposition of LiBH4 is suppressed under relative higher initial dehydrogenation pressure of 4.0×10^5 Pa, wherein LiBH4 reacts with Mg to yield MgB2, and 9.16% （mass fraction） hydrogen is released within 9.6 h at 450 ℃. However, under relatively lower initial dehydrogenation pressure of 1.0×10^2 Pa, LiBH4 decomposes independently instead of reacting with Mg, resulting in no formation of MgB2, and 7.91% hydrogen is desorbed within 5.2 h at 450 ℃. It is found that the dehydrogenation of 2LiBH4 ＋ MgH2 system proceeds more completely and more hydrogen desorption amount can be obtained within a definite time by forming MgB2. Furthermore, it is proposed that the formation process of MgB2 includes incubation period and nucleus growth process. Experimental results show that the formation process of MgB2, especially the incubation period, is promoted by increasing initial dehydrogenation pressure at constant temperature, and the incubation period is also influenced greatly by dehydrogenation temperature.

关键词： complex hydride LiBH4 MgB2 hydrogen storage formation mechanism

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formation mechanism of Nanoparticles in Fe-Cr-Al ODS Alloy Fabricated by Direct Oxidation Method

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第7期34卷 963-972页

作者： Fuzhao Yan Jing Li Yiyi Li Liangyin Xiong Shi Liu Materials for Special Environments Division CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety AssessmentShi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China

This study presents the fabrication of 14CrFe-Cr-Al oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)alloy by a direct oxidation *** order to explain how oxide nanoparticles are formed in the consolidation process,the powders after oxidation are subjected to vacuum thermal treatment at high *** scanning calorimeter,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques are used to detect the generation,evolution of oxides on both the surface and interior of the powder,as well as the type of oxide nanoparticles in the fabricated ODS *** is found that an iron oxide layer is formed on the surface of the powder during low temperature *** the iron oxide layer would be decomposed after thermal treatment at high *** the consolidation process,the oxygen required by the reaction of alumina and yttrium oxide to produce nano scale Y-Al-O particles mainly derives from the decomposition of iron oxide layer at elevated temperature and the inward diffusion of *** the direct oxidation process,YAlO_(3) nanoparticles are dispersed in the grains and at the grain boundaries of Fe-Cr-Al ODS alloy.

关键词： Fe-Cr-Al ODS alloy Direct oxidation Iron oxide layer Y-Al-O nanoparticles formation mechanism

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