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Recommendations for improved tropical cyclone formation and position probabilistic Forecast products

Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第4期12卷 241-258页

作者： Jason P.Dunion Chris Davis Helen Titley Helen Greatrex Munehiko Yamaguchi John Methven Raghavendra Ashrit Zhuo Wang Hui Yu Anne-Claire Fontan Alan Brammer Matthew Kucas Matthew Ford Philippe Papin Fernando Prates Carla Mooney Andrew Kruczkiewicz Paromita Chakraborty Andrew Burton Mark DeMaria Ryan Torn Jonathan L.Vigh CIMAS University of Miamiand Hurricane Research DivisionNOAA/AOMLFloridaUSA NCAR Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory ColoradoUSA UK Met Office ExeterUK Pennsylvania State University PennsylvaniaUSA World Meteorological Organization GenevaSwitzerland University of Reading ReadingUK National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Ministry of Earth SciencesNoidaIndia University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IllinoisUSA Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghaiChina WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme(TCP)GenevaSwitzerland Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere/Colorado State University ColoradoUSA Joint Typhoon Warning Center HonoluluUSA MetService New Zealand WellingtonNew Zealand NOAA National Hurricane Center FloridaUSA European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ReadingUK Bureau of Meteorology MelbourneAustralia Columbia University New YorkUSA Centre for Climate Research Singapore Meteorological Services SingaporeSingapore CIRA/Colorado State University ColoradoUSA University at Albany-SUNY New YorkUSA Research Applications Laboratory National Center for Atmospheric ResearchColoradoUSA

Prediction of the potentially devastating impact of landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs)relies substantially on numerical prediction systems.Due to the limited predictability of TCs and the need to express forecast confidence and possible scenarios,it is vital to exploit the benefits of dynamic ensemble forecasts in operational TC forecasts and warnings.RSMCs,TCWCs,and other forecast centers value probabilistic guidance for TCs,but the International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-9)found that the“pull-through”of probabilistic information to operational warnings using those forecasts is slow.IWTC-9 recommendations led to the formation of the WMO/WWRP Tropical Cyclone-Probabilistic Forecast Products(TC-PFP)project,which is also endorsed as a WMO Seamless GDPFS Pilot Project.The main goal of TC-PFP is to coordinate across forecast centers to help identify best practice guidance for probabilistic TC forecasts.TC-PFP is being implemented in 3 phases:Phase 1(TC formation and position);Phase 2(TC intensity and structure);and Phase 3(TC related rainfall and storm surge).This article provides a summary of Phase 1 and reviews the current state of the science of probabilistic forecasting of TC formation and position.There is considerable variability in the nature and interpretation of forecast products based on ensemble information,making it challenging to transfer knowledge of best practices across forecast centers.Communication among forecast centers regarding the effectiveness of different approaches would be helpful for conveying best practices.Close collaboration with experts experienced in communicating complex probabilistic TC information and sharing of best practices between centers would help to ensure effective decisions can be made based on TC forecasts.Finally,forecast centers need timely access to ensemble information that has consistent,user-friendly ensemble information.Greater consistency across forecast centers in data accessibility,probabilistic forecast products,and warnings and their communication to u

关键词： Tropical cyclone Probabilistic formation Position

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Nanoparticulate pollutants in the environment:Analytical methods,formation,and transformation

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Eco-Environment & Health 2023年第2期2卷 61-73页

作者： Sujuan Yu Zhiqiang Tan Yujian Lai Qingcun Li Jingfu Liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The wide application of nanomaterials and plastic products generates a substantial number of nanoparticulate pollutants in the environment.Nanoparticulate pollutants are quite different from their bulk counterparts because of their unique physicochemical properties,which may pose a threat to environmental organisms and human beings.To accurately predict the environmental risks of nanoparticulate pollutants,great efforts have been devoted to developing reliable methods to define their occurrence and track their fate and transformation in the environment.Herein,we summarized representative studies on the preconcentration,separation,formation,and transformation of nanoparticulate pollutants in environmental samples.Finally,some perspectives on future research directions are proposed.

关键词： Nanomaterials Nanoplastics Preconcentration Separation Analysis formation

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formation of stacked ruthenium nanocrystals embedded in SiO_2 for nonvolatile memory applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2009年第9期30卷 9-12页

作者：毛平张志刚潘立阳许军陈培毅 Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Tsinghua National Laboratory of Information Science and Technology

Two methods are proposed to fabricate stacked ruthenium （Ru） nanocrystals （NCs）： rapid thermal annealing （RTA） for the whole gate stacks, and RTA before each SiO2 layer deposition. The size and aerial density of Ru NCs are 2-4 nm and 3 × 10^12 cm^-2 for the former method, compared to 3-7 nm and 2 ×10^12 cm^-2 for the latter. Because of the higher surface trap density and more uniform electron tunneling path between upper and lower Ru NCs, a 5.2 V memory window and 1 V after a period of 10 years are observed in metal oxide semiconductor （MOS） capacitors fabricated by the former method, which are much better than 4.6 V and no window remaining after one year observed in the latter. The former method is compatible with conventional CMOS technology.

关键词： ruthenium nanocrystal stacked formation nonvolatile memory

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formation of mono-dispersed droplets with electric periodic dripping regime in electrohydrodynamic(EHD) atomization

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第5期28卷 1241-1249页

作者： Zhentao Wang Qisi Wang Yaosheng Zhang Yimin Jiang Lei Xia School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

The formation of controllable size and dripping frequency in electrohydrodynamic(EHD)atomization with electric periodic dripping regime are of much interest and importance because of significant and wide applications,such as micro-encapsulation and ink-printing.In the present study,the experimental and theoretical works were carried out to explore droplet formation in periodic dripping regime in presence of an electric field.The dimensionless electric charge carried by each droplet produced is smaller than the 50%of critical value of the Rayleigh limit,where charge-to-mass ratio of droplets was obtained through the deflection distance in the presence of an electric field.The droplet in electric periodic dripping regime usually undergoes oscillating deformation,and finally forms a spherical droplet below the tip no more than ten times out diameter of tube.The droplet size tens of microns to one hundreds of microns decreases with an increase in applied potential.In the electric dripping mode,droplets size is independent of flow rate and affected by flow rate due to adsorption of surface active species in micro-dripping.The simplified model to predict droplets size was derived from the balance of electric,surface tension and gravity forces.The droplets size calculated in good agreement with the experiments.Meanwhile,the dripping frequency of droplets with rang of a few to several hundred hertz obtained from timeresolved images is highly dependent of liquid flow rate and electric potential.The largest dripping frequency was predicted and in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.In electric periodic dripping regime drop-on-demand droplets in size and dripping frequency further our understanding on the formation of identical droplets and are beneficial to many practical applications.

关键词： Electric field Electric periodic dripping formation Diameter Dripping frequency

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formation, Structure and Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1999年第2期15卷 97-110页

作者： Y. Li(Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road,Singapore 119260 E-mail:masliy@nus.edu.sg) Department of Materials Science Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119260 Singapore

Bulk metallic glasses with up to 72 mm critical section thickness have been obtained by conventional casting techniques and the properties of these materials, particularly the mechanical and magnetic properties have been studied. These materials have been demonstrated to have novel properties which are fundamentally different from their crystalline counterparts. The recent status of research and development in formation, structure and properties of bulk metallic glasses is reviewed. The techniques to produce such bulk glasses are summarized and the glass forming ability and the critical cooling rate of these materials are discussed. Further consideration of the development and application of this new class of materiaIs will be proposed.

关键词： Ni Zr Structure and Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses formation OK Cu Figure

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formation and Structure of [Al_(13)(μ_3-OH)_6(μ_2-OH)_6(μ_2-OH)_(12)(H_2O)_(24)]Cl_(15)·13H_2O

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2006年第10期25卷 1217-1227页

作者： SUN Zhong ZHAO Hai-Dong TONG Hong-Ge-Er WANG Rui-Fen ZHU Fan-Zhu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China Chemistry Department Yanbei Normal College Datong 037009 China Survey and Design Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 010020 China

Crystal structure of a novel hydrated tridecameric polyaluminium chloride, [Al13（μ3-OH）6（μ2-OH）6（μ2-OH）12（H2O）24] Cl15·13H2O, has been determined by X-ray structure analysis, obtaining the detailed structural parameters and structure features. Moreover, the formation course was also discussed. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with a = 1.3912（2）, b = 2.3529（3）, c = 2.2395（2） nm, β= 90.407（2）°, V = 7.3307（14） nm^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.773 g/cm^3, F（000） = 4040, GOOF = 1.050,μ（MoKα）= 0.829 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0506 and wR = 0.1453 for 10553 observed reflections with I〉 2σ（I）. The structure of polycation of the title compound is different from either Keggin-type Al13 consisting of a central tetrahedral AlO4 core surrounded by twelve octahedral AlO6 units through corner-sharing or the ＂three hexameric rings juxtaposed＂ side by side predicted by ＂Core-Links＂ model linked by thirteen octahedral AlO6 units through edge-sharing. It has a ＂tortoise-like＂ structure with turnup ＂forefeet＂ and ＂tail＂, that is, an octahedral AlO6 core is surrounded by a ＂hexameric ring＂ through edge-sharing, then six octahedral AlO6 units are suspended onto the periphery of the ring upper and lower alternately by sharing two neighboring corners with an average turn angle of 21° entad. This kind of hydrated tridecameric polyaluminium chloride with such form is very important to further understand the existing forms and transformation rules of aluminium ion in hydrolysis system of its salts, speculate the process and mechanism of various hydrolysis and polymerization forms from Al（H2O）6^3＋ to Al（OH）3, and establish the relationship between structure and properties.

关键词： hydrated tridecameric polyaluminium chloride crystal structure formation

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formation ENTHALPIES FOR FCC METAL BASED BINARY ALLOYS BY EMBEDDED ATOM METHOD

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1998年第1期8卷 61-64页

作者： Yifang, Ouyang Bangwei, Zhang Shuzhi, Liao Zhanpeng, Jin Hongmei, Chen Guangxi Univ Nanning China

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ＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＥＮＴＨＡＬＰＩＥＳＦＯＲＦＣＣＭＥＴＡＬＢＡＳＥＤＢＩＮＡＲＹＡＬＬＯＹＳＢＹＥＭＢＥＤＤＥＤＡＴＯＭＭＥＴＨＯＤ①ＯｕｙａｎｇＹｉｆａｎｇ１，ＺｈａｎｇＢａｎｇｗｅｉ２，３，ＬｉａｏＳｈｕｚｈｉ４，ＪｉｎＺｈａｎｐｅｎｇ５ａｎｄ...

关键词： formation enthalpy binary alloy embedded atom method

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formation and impact-induced separation of tandem EFPs

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 668-677页

作者： Hong-bing Ma Yuan-feng Zheng Hai-fu Wang Chao Ge Cheng-hai Su State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The formation and separation behaviors of tandem EFPs are studied by the combination of experiments and simulations.The results show that different formation and separation processes can be obtained by adjusting the double-layer liners,and simulations agree with experiments well.Then,the interaction process between the two liners is discussed in details,and the formation and separation mechanism are revealed.It can be found that there are four phases in the formation and separation processes,including impact phase,propulsion phase,slide phase and free flight phase.During the impact phase,the velocities of two liners rise in turns with kinetic energy exchange.In the propulsion phase,the axial impact becomes insignificant,but the radial interaction between two liners influences the appearance of tandem EFPs.Meanwhile,it should be mentioned that the inner surface of foregoing EFP remains to be in contact with the outer surface of following EFP in the propulsion phase,and the following one would continue to push the foregoing one for about 10μ to 20 μs,causing the velocities of following and foregoing EFPs gradually decreasing and increasing respectively.In the slide phase,an obvious relative movement occurs between the two EFPs,and there would be barely kinetic energy exchange.Then,the two EFPs separate gradually and get into the phase of free flight.Generally,if the outer and inner liners have the same thickness,the outer copper-inner copper liners form two long EFPs,the outer copper-inner steel liners become a foregoing short steel EFP and a following long copper EFP,and the outer steel-inner copper liners produce a foregoing long copper EFP and a following conical steel EFP.In addition,thickness match also has an important impact on formation appearance and separation process for both outer copperinner copper liners and outer steel-inner copper liners.With the thickness ratio of outer liner to inner liner decreasing,the length and length-diameter ratio of both foregoing and following EFPs increase gradually.

关键词： Shaped charge Liner Tandem EFPs formation Separation

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Thermodynamic prediction and experimental investigation of short-term dynamic membrane formation in dynamic membrane bioreactors:Effects of sludge properties

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 85-96页

作者： Zhenzhen Yu Yisong Hu Mawuli Dzakpasu Xiaochang C.Wang Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource Environment and Ecology MOE Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development Key Lab of Environmental Engineering Shaanxi Province

In dynamic membrane bioreactors(DMBRs), a dynamic membrane(DM) forms on a support material to act as the separation membrane for solids and liquids. In this study, batch filtration tests were carried out in a DMBR using nylon mesh(25 μm) as support material to filtrate sludge suspensions of variable properties from three different sources to evaluate the effects on the short-term DM formation process(within 240 min). Furthermore, the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek(XDLVO) theory was applied to analyze the sludge adhesion and cohesion behaviors on the mesh surface to predict quantitative parameters of the short-term DM formation process(including initial formation and maturation stage). The filtration results showed that the order of the initial DM formation time(permeate turbidity formation performance(short DM formation time, low permeate turbidity, and high permeate flux) than sludge with poor settleability, dewaterability and flocculability. The influence of sludge properties on the initial DM formation time corroborates the prediction of sludge adhesion behaviors by XDLVO theory. Additionally, the XDLVO calculation results showed that acid–based interaction, energy barrier, and secondary energy minimum were important determinants of the sludge adhesion and cohesion behaviors. Therefore, short-term DM formation process may be enhanced to achieve stable long-term DMBR operation through positive modification of the sludge properties.

关键词： Dynamic membrane bioreactor Dynamic membrane formation XDLVO theory Sludge properties Wastewater treatment

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Synergistic effects of combined therapy of curcumin and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi for treatment of osteoporosis: cellular and molecular evidence of enhanced bone formation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 38-45页

作者： Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari Fahad Hussain Hnin Ei Thu Zahid Hussain Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy Aljouf University Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) The University of Lahore Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics Faculty of Dentistry Lincoln University CollegePetaling Jaya 47301 Selangor Malaysia Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

Objective: The present study explored the effects of the combined herbal therapy consisting of curcumin(CUR) and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL) on aspects of bone regeneration.Methods: Prior to analyzing the ability of this novel combined herbal therapy to promote aspects of bone regeneration, its cytotoxicity was determined using MC3 T3-E1 cells(pre-osteoblast model). Cell proliferation was evaluated using phase-contrast microscopy and cell differentiation was estimated using alkaline phosphatase activity. The effect of the combined herbal therapy(CUR + FLL) was also assessed in terms of mineralization in the extracellular matrix(ECM) of cultured cells. Further, to explore the molecular mechanisms of bone formation, time-dependent expression of bone-regulating protein biomarkers was also evaluated.Results: Combined herbal therapy(CUR + FLL) significantly upregulated the viability, proliferation and differentiation of MC3 T3-E1 cells compared to the monotherapy of CUR or FLL. The magnitude of ECM mineralization(calcium deposition) was also higher in MC3 T3-E1 cells treated with combined therapy.The time-dependent expression of bone-forming protein biomarkers revealed that the tendency of expression of these bone-regulating proteins was remarkably higher in cells treated with combined therapy.Conclusion: The co-administration of CUR and FLL had superior promotion of elements of bone regeneration in cultured cells, thus could be a promising alternative herbal therapy for the management of bone erosive disorders such as osteoporosis.

关键词： Osteoporosis Curcumin Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Combined herbal therapy Cell proliferation Cell differentiation Bone formation

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