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Numerical simulation of formaldehyde distribution characteristics in the high-speed train cabin

Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 285-300页

作者： Fan Wu Hang Dong Chao Yu Hengkui Li Qingmin Cui Renze Xu Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track Ministry of EducationSchool of Traffic&Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410075China Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety ChangshaHunan410075China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle ChangshaHunan410075China School of Software Henan University of EngineeringZhengzhouHenan451191China

The global concern over indoor air pollution in public vehicles has grown significantly.With a focus on enhancing passengers’comfort and health,this study endeavors to investigate the distribution characteristics of formaldehyde within a high-speed train cabin by employing a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model which is experimentally validated in a real cabin scenario.The research focuses on analyzing the impact of air supply modes,temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate on the distribution and concentration of formaldehyde.The results demonstrate that the difference in average formaldehyde concentration between the two air supply modes is below 1.3%,but the top air supply mode leads to a higher accumulation of formaldehyde near the sidewalls,while the bottom air supply mode promotes a more uniform distribution of formaldehyde.Furthermore,the temperature,relative humidity,and fresh air change rate are the primary factors affecting formaldehyde concentration levels,but they have modest effects on formaldehyde’s distribution pattern within the cabin.As the temperature and relative humidity increase,the changes in formaldehyde concentrations in response to variations in these factors become more evident.Importantly,the formaldehyde concentration may surpass the standard limit of 0.10 mg/m^(3)if the fresh air change rate falls below 212 m^(3)/h.This research provides a systematic approach and referenceable results for exploring formaldehyde pollution in high-speed train cabins.

关键词： indoor air pollution formaldehyde CFD simulation high-speed train ventilation

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Growth of Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites on nickel foam to enhance photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde under visible light

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 432-442页

作者： Ze Wang Zhi Huang Jiang Yu Xiao Shao Weidong Peng Jie Yu Yinying Jiang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western AustraliaPerth 6907Western AustraliaAustralia Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology Sichuan UniversityYibin 644000China

formaldehyde is a pollutant that significantly affects the indoor air quality.However,conventional remediation approaches can be challenging to deal with low-concentration formaldehyde in an indoor environment.In this study,Photocatalysts of Ag/graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))/Ni with 3D reticulated coral structure were prepared by thermal polymerization and liquid phase photo-deposition,using nickel foam(NF)as the carrier.Experiments demonstrated that when the Ag concentration was 3%,and the relative humidity was 60%,the Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)showed the maximum degradation rate of formaldehyde at 90.19%under visible light irradiation,and the formaldehyde concentration after degradation was lower than the Hygienic standard stated by the Chinese Government.The porous structure of Ni/Ag/g-C_(3)N_(4)and the formation of Schottky junctions promoted the Adsorption efficiency and degradation of formaldehyde,while the nickel foam carrier effectively promoted the desorption of degradation products.Meanwhile,the degradation rate was only reduced by3.4%after 16 recycles,the three-dimensional porous structure extended the lifetime of the photocatalyst.This study provides a new strategy for the degradation of indoor formaldehyde at low concentrations.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)) Nickel foam(NF) Ag formaldehyde Photocatalysis

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High-sensitivity formaldehyde gas sensor based on Ce-doped urchin-like SnO_(2) nanowires derived from calcination of Sn-MOFs

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2024年第1期18卷 29-43页

作者： Wei Xiao Wei Yang Shantang Liu Hubei Key Lab of Novel Reactor&Green Chemical Technology School of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430073China Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research Department of ChemistrySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesHubei University of MedicineShiyan 442000China

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted widespread attention due to their regular structures,multiple material centers,and various ligands.They are always considered as one kind of ideal templates for developing highly sensitive and selective gas sensors.In this study,the advantages of MOFs with the high specific surface area(71.9891 m^(2)·g^(-1))and uniform morphology were fully utilized,and urchin-like SnO_(2) nanowires were obtained by the hydrothermal method followed by the calcination using Sn-MOFs consisting of the ligand of C_(9)H_(6)O_(6)(H_(3)BTC)and Sn/Ce center ions as sacrificial templates.This unique urchin-like nanowire structure facilitated gas diffusion and adsorption,resulting in superior gas sensitivity.A series of Ce-doped SnO_(2) nanowires with different doping ratios were synthesized,and their gas sensing properties towards formaldehyde were studied.The resulted Ce-SnO_(2) was revealed to have high sensitivity(201.2 at 250℃),rapid response(4 s),long-term stability,and good repeatability for formaldehyde sensing,and the gas sensing mechanism of Ce-SnO_(2) exposed to formaldehyde was also systematically discussed.

关键词： Ce-SnO_(2) SnO_(2) gas sensor formaldehyde Sn-MOF

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Indoor formaldehyde Removal Techniques through Paints: Review

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 1-15页

作者： Prajyot Dhawale Ravindra V. Gadhave Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai India

Due to its ability to cause illnesses and discomfort even at low concentrations, formaldehyde pollution of indoor air poses a significant risk to human health. Sources of formaldehyde in indoor environments include textiles, paints, wallpapers, glues, adhesives, varnishes, and lacquers;furniture and wooden products like particleboard, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard that contain formaldehyde-based resins;shoe products;cosmetics;electronic devices;and other consumer goods like paper products and insecticides. According to the World Health Organisation, indoor formaldehyde concentrations shouldn’t exceed 0.1 mg/m3. The methods include membrane separation, plasma, photocatalytic decomposition, physisorption, chemisorption, biological and botanical filtration, and catalytic oxidation. Materials based on metal oxides and supported noble metals work as oxidation catalysts. Consequently, a paint that passively eliminates aldehydes from buildings can be developed by adding absorbents and formaldehyde scavengers to the latex composition. It will be crucial to develop techniques for the careful detection and removal of formaldehyde in the future. Additionally, microbial decomposition is less expensive and produces fewer pollutants. The main goal of future research will be to develop a biological air quality control system that will boost the effectiveness of formaldehyde elimination. The various methods of removing formaldehyde through paints have been reviewed here, including the use of mixed metal oxides, formaldehyde-absorbing emulsions, nano titanium dioxide, catalytic oxidation, and aromatic formaldehyde abating materials that can improve indoor air quality.

关键词： formaldehyde Absorption Paints Catalytic Oxidation Nanofillers

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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 involved in the analgesic effects of total flavonoids extracted from Longxuejie(Resina Dracaenae Cochinchinensis)

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 437-447页

作者： MO Xiaoqiang CHEN Yating YIN Qian CHEN Haibo BAN Qiang LI Jun CHEN Su YAO Jinguang Department of Stomatology Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities College of General Practitioners Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities College of Biomedical Engineering South-Central Minzu UniversityKey Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs CommissionHubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment College of Pharmacy South-Central Minzu University

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effects of total flavonoids of Longxuejie(Resina Dracaenae Cochinchinensis)(TFDB) and explore the possible analgesic mechanism associated with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).METHODS: Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to observe the effects of TFDB on capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents. Rat experiments in vivo were used to observe the analgesic effects of TFDB. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments were used to test the change of TRPV1 expression in DRG neurons induced by TFDB.RESULTS: Results showed that TFDB inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 receptor currents in acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons of rats and the half inhibitory concentration was(16.7 ± 1.6) mg/L.TFDB(2-20 mg/kg) showed analgesic activity in the phase Ⅱ of formalin test and(0.02-2 mg per paw)reduced capsaicin-induced licking times of rats. TFDB(20 mg/kg) was fully efficacious on complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and capsaicin could weaken the analgesic effects. The level of TRPV1 expressions of DRG neurons was also decreased in TFDB-treated CFA-inflammatory pain rats.CONCLUSION: All these results indicated that the analgesic effect of TFDB may contribute to their modulations on both function and expression of TRPV1 channels in DRG neurons.

关键词： Freund's adjuvant Longxuejie () capsaicin flavonoids formaldehyde inflammatory pain transient receptor potential vanilloid 1

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Tuning SMSI to stabilize metallic Pd species:A case study on Pd/TiO_(2) for HCHO oxidation

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 162-166页

作者： Chunying Wang Xiaofeng Liu Jingyi Wang Yaobin Li Shaohua Xie Fudong Liu Changbin Zhang Yuming Zheng Wenpo Shan Hong He Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant ConversionInstitute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research StationChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315800China Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction Engineering(CECE)Catalysis Cluster for Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations(REACT)Nano Science Technology Center(NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Pretreatment of the carrier for supported catalysts can effectively improve the strong metal-support interaction(SMSI)and increase the dispersion of precious metals,which are critical to many important catalytic reactions.In this work,we tuned SMSI on Pd/TiO_(2)catalysts through inducing surface defects of TiO_(2)by pretreated with different atmospheres(H_(2)/N_(2),N_(2),O_(2)/N_(2))at the high temperature(800℃).Multiple characterization results illustrated that surface defects anchored Pd species and thus enhanced their dispersion.During reduction,Ti^(3+)species formed and transferred onto the metallic Pd species and then induced SMSI,which effectively stabilize Pd species in the metallic state.The stronger MSI,the more stability of Pd species.As a case,Pd/TiO_(2)–800H_(2),with strongest MSI,displayed the best HCHO oxidation performance at low temperature(10℃).

关键词： Pd/TiO_(2) Surface defects SMSI formaldehyde Stability of Pd species

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Effect of preparation method of noble metal supported catalyts on formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature: Gas or liquid phase reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 201-216页

作者： Younghee Jang Ye Hwan Lee Hanki Eom Sang Moon Lee Sung Su Kim Department of Environmental Energy Envineering Graduate School of kyonggi UniversityGyeonggi-do 16227Korea Department of Environmental Energy Engineeing Kyonggi UniversityGyonggi-do 16227Korea

formaldehyde(HCHO) is toxic to the human body and is one of the main threats to the indoor air quality(IAQ). As such, the removal of HCHO is imperative to improving the IAQ,whereby the most useful method to effectively remove HCHO at room temperature is catalytic oxidation. This review discusses catalysts for HCHO room-temperature oxidation,which are categorized according to their preparation methods, i.e., gas-phase reduction and liquid-phase reduction methods. The HCHO oxidation performances, structural features,and reaction mechanisms of the different catalysts are discussed, and directions for future research on catalytic oxidation are reviewed.

关键词： formaldehyde Indoor air quality Catalyst Prepared method

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N/Ce doped graphene supported Pt nanoparticles for the catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 135-147页

作者： Yaodong Guo Zhaoying Di Xiaonan Guo Ying Wei Runduo Zhang Jingbo Jia State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Environmental CatalysisBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Pt catalysts with nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (GO) as support and CeO_(2)as promoter were prepared by impregnation method,and their catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) at room temperature was tested.The Pt-CeO_(2)/N-rGO (reduced GO) with a mass fraction of 0.7% Pt and 0.8%CeO_(2)exhibited an excellent catalytic performance with the 100% conversion of HCHO at room temperature.Physicochemical characterization demonstrated that nitrogendoping greatly increased the defect degree and the specific surface area of GO,enhanced the dispersion of Pt and promoted more zero-valent Pt.The synergistic effect between CeO_(2)and Pt was also beneficial to the dispersion of Pt.Nitrogen-doping promoted the production of more Ce3+ions,generating more oxygen vacancies,which was conducive to O_(2)adsorption.As a result,the catalyst exhibited enhanced redox properties,leading to the best catalytic activity.Finally,an attempt to propose the reaction mechanism of HCHO oxidation has been made.

关键词： formaldehyde N-doped graphene oxide Pt catalyst Room temperature

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Vertical distribution and temporal evolution of formaldehyde and glyoxal derived from MAX-DOAS observations:The indicative role of VOC sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第12期34卷 92-104页

作者： Qianqian Hong Cheng Liu Qihou Hu Yanli Zhang Chengzhi Xing Jinping Ou Wei Tan Haoran Liu Xiaoqing Huang Zhenfeng Wu School of Environment and Civil Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Key Lab of Environmental Optics&Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization State Key Laboratory of Organic GeochemistryGuangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 510632China Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

formaldehyde(HCHO)and glyoxal(CHOCHO)are important oxidization intermediates of most volatile organic compounds(VOCs),but their vertical evolution in urban areas is not well understood.Vertical profiles of HCHO,CHOCHO,and nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))were retrieved from ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAXDOAS)observations in Hefei,China.HCHO and CHOCHO vertical profiles prefer to occur at higher altitudes compared to NO_(2),which might be caused by the photochemistry-oxidation of longer-lived VOCs at higher altitudes.Monthly means of HCHO concentrations were higher in summer,while enhanced amounts of NO_(2)were mainly observed in winter.CHOCHO exhibited a hump-like seasonal variation,with higher monthly-averaged values not only occurred in warm months(July-August)but also in cold months(November-December).Peak values mainly occurred during noon for HCHO but emerged in the morning for CHOCHO and NO_(2),suggesting that HCHO is stronger link to photochemistry than CHOCHO.We further use the glyoxal to formaldehyde ratio(GFR)to investigate the VOC sources at different altitudes.The lowest GFR value is almost found in the altitude from 0.2 to 0.4 km,and then rises rapidly as the altitude increases.The GFR results indicate that the largest contributor of the precursor VOC is biogenic VOCs at lower altitudes,while at higher altitudes is anthropogenic VOCs.Our findings provide a lot more insight into VOC sources at vertical direction,but more verification is recommended to be done in the future.

关键词： formaldehyde Glyoxal MAX-DOAS Vertical distribution VOC

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Functionalization of diatomite with glycine and amino silane for formaldehyde removal

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第2期29卷 356-367页

作者： Yonghao Di Fang Yuan Xiaotian Ning Hongwei Jia Yangyu Liu Xiangwei Zhang Chunquan Li Shuilin Zheng Zhiming Sun School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

Two amino-functionalized diatomite(DE)composites modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTS)or glycine(GLY)(i.e.,APTS/DE and GLY/DE)were successfully synthesized via the wet chemical method for the time-and cost-efficient removal of indoor formaldehyde(HCHO).First,the optimal preparation conditions of the two composites were determined,and then their microstructures and morphologies were characterized and analyzed.Batch HCHO adsorption experiments with the two types of amino-modified DE composites were also conducted to compare their adsorption properties.Experimental results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models could well describe the adsorption process,and the maximum adsorption capacities of APTS/DE and GLY/DE prepared under optimal conditions at 20°C were 5.83 and 1.14 mg·g^(-1),respectively.The thermodynamic parameters of the composites indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic.The abundant amine groups grafted on the surface of DE were derived from the Schiff base reaction and were essential for the high-efficient adsorption performance toward HCHO.

关键词： diatomite 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane glycine adsorption formaldehyde

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