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Assessing vulnerability of a forest ecosystem to climate change and variability in the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第3期29卷 704-720页

作者： Orkan Ozcan Nebiye Musaoglu Murat Tuükes Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Istanbul Technical UniversityMaslak34469 IstanbulTurkey Geomatics Engineering Department Civil Engineering FacultyIstanbul Technical UniversityMaslak34469 IstanbulTurkey Center for Climate Change and Policy Studies Bogazici UniversityBebek34342 IstanbulTurkey

Climate change is a real, pressing and significant global problem. The concept of ‘climate change vulnerability’ helps us to better comprehend the cause/effect relationships behind climate change and its impact on human societies, socioeconomic sectors, and physiographical and ecological systems. In this study, multifactorial spatial modelling evaluated the vulnerability of a Mediterranean forest ecosystem to climate change and variability with regard to land degradation. This produced data and developed tools to support better decision-making and management. As a result, the geographical distribution of Environmental Vulnerability Areas(EVAs) of the forest ecosystem is the estimated Environmental Vulnerability Index(EVI) values. These revealed that, at current levels of environmental degradation, physical, geographical, policy enforcement, and socioeconomic conditions, the area with a ‘‘very low’’ degree of vulnerability covered mainly the town, its surrounding settlements and agricultural lands found principally over the low, flat travertine plateau and the plains to the east and southeast of the district. The spatial magnitude of the EVAs of the forest ecosystem under current environmental degradation was also determined. This revealed that the EVAs classed as ‘‘very low’’accounted for 21% of the area of the forest ecosystem,those classed as ‘‘low’’ for 36%, those classed as ‘‘medium’’ for 20%, and those classed as ‘‘high’’ for 24%.

关键词： Mediterranean climate forest ecosystem Land degradation Vulnerability analysis

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Assessing the vulnerability of a forest ecosystem to climate change and variability in the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey：future evaluation

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Journal of forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1177-1186页

作者： Murat Türkes Nebiye Musaoglu Orkan Ozcan Center for Climate Change and Policy Studies Bogazici University 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey Geomatics Engineering Department Civil EngineeringFaculty Istanbul Technical University34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences Istanbul TechnicalUniversity 34469 Maslak Istanbul Turkey

This study evaluates the multifactorial spatial modelling used to assess vulnerability of the Du¨ zlerc？am？（Antalya） forest ecosystem to climate *** was done to produce data,to develop tools to support decisionmaking and the management of vulnerable Mediterranean forest ecosystems affected by climate change,and to increase the ability of these forest ecosystems to adapt to global *** on regionally averaged future climate assessments and projected climate indicators,both the study site and the western Mediterranean sub-region of Turkey will probably become associated with a drier,hotter,more continental and more water-deficient *** analysis holds true for all future scenarios,with the exception of RCP4.5 for the period from 2015 to ***,the present dry-sub humid climate dominating this sub-region and the study area shows a potential for change towards more dry climatology and for it to become semiarid between 2031 and 2050 according to the RCP8.5 high emission *** the observed and estimated results and assessments summarized in this study show clearly that the densest forest ecosystem in the southern part of the study site,characterized by mainly Mediterranean coniferous and some mixed forest and maquis vegetation,will very likely be influenced by medium and high degrees of vulnerability to future environmental degradation,climate change and variability.

关键词： forest ecosystem RCP scenarios Regional climate model Vulnerability

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Regional differences of water conservation in Beijing’s forest ecosystem

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Journal of forestry Research 2011年第2期22卷 295-300页

作者： ZHANG Biao XIE Gao-di YAN Yu-ping YANG Yan-gang Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China

The water conservation capacities of main forests in Beijing,China were estimated through the quantitative *** methods developed in published papers on forest hydrology were *** forests in Huairou,Yanqing,Miyun,Mentougou and Fangshan districts are the main contributors to water conservation（the cumulative ratio reaches 65%）,and the forests in Tongzhou,Chaoyang,Shunyi and Daxing districts have the highest water conservation capacity（3000 m3/ha）.Altitude and slope are the key factors to affect the water conservation *** forests located in Plain Area,Hilly Area,Low Mountain,and Middle Mountain contributes 27%,28%,24% and 21% of the conserved water,*** water conservation capacity of forests in Plain Area（2 948 m3/ha）,is superior to the forests in other *** the forests situated on Flat Slope,Moderate Slope and Gentle Slope constitute the largest proportion（nearly 93%） of water conservation,while the forests on Flat Slope has the highest water conservation capacity（2 797 m3/ha）,and the forest on Steep slope has the lowest water conservation capacity（948 m3/ha）.

关键词： forest ecosystem regional difference water conservation Beijing

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Effects of acid rain on forest ecosystem in Southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1991年第2期3卷 27-36页

作者： Chen Chuying, Zhang Jiawu, Xu Guangshan Zhou Chonglian and Liao LipingInstitute of Applied Ecology,academyis Sinica,Shenyang 110015,China

The study of effects of acid rain in Southwestern China on forest ecosystems .has been inrestigated since 1984. The results have shown that the ecosystem of Pinus massoniana forest has been damaged severely by acid rain. Comparing the areas where the annual mean pH value is lower than 4.5 with that higher than 4.5, the productivity of the ecosystems decreased 50 percent. Both the percentages of the green leaves and the content of chlorophyll cut down; the acidity of soil increased a bit and the fertility showed the tendency to lower. The microbial population components in surface soil were changed and the total number of soil microbes reduced from 63.5 to 92.6 percent. Besides the direct effects of acid rain, the insect pest, especially, Blastophagus piniperdoz and Monochamus galloprovincialis, seized the opportunity to enter and reproduce in it so as to aggravate the forest dieback of *** in the areas where the annual average pH value is lower than ***, the simulation study on the symptoms of main tree species in Southwestern China damaged by acid rain has obtained the results in the resistibility of 30 tree species, which provided a foundation for selecting suitable tree species to cultivate in the polluted areas.

关键词： acid rain forest ecosystem Pinus massoniana forest soil destructive pest.

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Chinese forest ecosystem Research Network and Its Development

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Chinese forestry Science and Technology 2004年第1期 29-34页

作者： WANG Bing1 CUI Xianghui1 YANG Fengwei21. Research Institute of forest Ecology , Environment and Protection of CAF, Beijing 100091, P.R.China2. Department of Science and Technology of State forestry Administration, Beijing 100714, P.R.China

Chinese forest ecosystem Research Network, established in late 1950s and directly constructedand administered by the Science and Technology Department of State forestry Administration of China,is a large ecology research network focuses on long-term ecosystem fixed-observation. It embodies 15 sitesthat represent diverse ecosystems and research priorities, including 6 state-level sites. CFERN Officecoordinates communications, network publications, and research-planning activities. CFERN uses theadvanced ground and spatial observation technologies such as RS, GPS, GIS to study the structure,functional laws and feedback mechanism of Chinese forest ecosystem, as well as its effects on Chinassocial and economic development. The main tasks carried out by CFERN are: (1) construction of thedatabase on the structure and functions of Chinese forest ecosystem and its ecological environmentalfactors; (2) the database construction of forest resources, ecological environment, water resources andrelated social economy in both regional and national scales; (3) the establishment of an evaluation systemof forest ecological effects in Chinas main drainage areas; (4) the establishment of a forest environmentmonitoring network and a dynamic prediction and alarm system.

关键词： CFERN forest ecosystem eco-hydrological functions carbon balance

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Conservation and Sustainable Exploitation of forest ecosystem in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River -Case Study on Gongga Mountain

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Chinese forestry Science and Technology 2003年第1期2卷 66-70页

作者： ZHANG Baohua HE Yurong ZHOU Hongyi CHENG Genwei Institute of Mountain Hazards & Environment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Chengdu 610041. China. Department of Geography, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059. China bhz@ imde. ***

The deforestation on large scale in the upper reaches of Yangtze River has caused serious problems of ecosystem and environment. Restoration of the degenerated forest ecosystems is one of the main research fields. Taking Gongga Mountain as an example, degeneration features and existing problems of forest ecosystems are analyzed in this paper, and the measures are also proposed.

关键词： conservation and sustainable exploitation forest ecosystem upper reaches of the Yangtze River Gongga Mountain

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Estimation of Biodiversity Conservation Value of forest ecosystem in Nyingchi Prefecture of Tibet

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Asian Agricultural Research 2017年第2期9卷 62-65页

作者： Jia TANG Zhilan CHEN Jiangping FANG Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College

The estimation was made for the conservation value of forest ecosystem biodiversity in Nyingchi Prefecture of *** results showed that the annual economic benefits of biodiversity in Nyingchi Prefecture were about 21.4 billion yuan,and the annual economic benefits of global biodiversity were about 3 trillion *** indicated that the ecological value of forest ecosystem in Nyingchi Prefecture is high,forest ecosystem has extremely important ecological ***,in the decision-making process,it is necessary to strengthen the protection of forest ecosystem,with particular emphasis on the restoration of damaged ecosystem.

关键词： Biodiversity Value estimation forest ecosystem Nyingchi Prefecture

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Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects forest plant and soil system carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometric flexibility:A meta-analysis

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forest ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 307-317页

作者： Xiyan Jiang Xiaojing Wang Yaqi Qiao Yi Cao Yan Jiao An Yang Mengzhou Liu Lei Ma Mengya Song Shenglei Fu Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions College of Geography and Environmental ScienceHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China Henan Key Laboratory of Integrated Air Pollution Control and Ecological Security College of Geography and Environmental ScienceHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation and Research Station of forest ecosystem Henan UniversityZhengzhou450046China

Background:Nitrogen(N)deposition affects forest stoichiometric flexibility through changing soil nutrient availability to influence plant ***,the effect of N deposition on the flexibility of carbon(C),N,and phosphorus(P)in forest plant-soil-microbe systems remains ***:We conducted a meta-analysis based on 751 pairs of observations to evaluate the responses of plant,soil and microbial biomass C,N and P nutrients and stoichiometry to N addition in different N intensity(050,50–100,>100 kg·ha^(-1)·year^(-1)of N),duration(0–5,>5 year),method(understory,canopy),and matter(ammonium N,nitrate N,organic N,mixed N).Results:N addition significantly increased plant N:P(leaf:14.98%,root:13.29%),plant C:P(leaf:6.8%,root:25.44%),soil N:P(13.94%),soil C:P(10.86%),microbial biomass N:P(23.58%),microbial biomass C:P(12.62%),but reduced plant C:N(leaf:6.49%,root:9.02%).Furthermore,plant C:N:P stoichiometry changed significantly under short-term N inputs,while soil and microorganisms changed drastically under high N *** N addition primarily affected plant C:N:P stoichiometry through altering plant N content,while understory N inputs altered more by influencing soil C and P *** N significantly influenced plant and soil C:N and C:P,while ammonia N changed plant N:*** C:P and soil C:N were strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation(MAT),and the C:N:P stoichiometric flexibility in soil and plant under N addition connected with soil ***,N addition decoupled the correlations between soil microorganisms and the ***:N addition significantly increased the C:P and N:P in soil,plant,and microbial biomass,reducing plant C:N,and aggravated forest P ***,these impacts were contingent on climate types,soil layers,and N input *** findings enhance our comprehension of the plant-soil system nutrient cycling mechanisms in forest ecosystems and plant strategy responses to N deposition.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry Meta-analysis forest ecosystem Nitrogen addition form Nutrient cycles

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

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forest ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa Błonska Adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the Babiog orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of bark beetle *** plots were located in undisturbed *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized by more stable moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood *** research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： Bark beetle Beech Decomposition rate forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody debris

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Soil ecosystem changes by vegetation on old-field sites over five decades in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 667-677页

作者： Danielle Cristina Ortiz Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza Tatiani Maria Pech Marie Luise Carolina Bartz Dilmar Baretta Alexandre Siminski Júlia Carina Niemeyer Federal University of Santa Catarina Ulysses Gaboardikm 3CuritibanosSC 89520-000Brazil Postgraduate Programme in Agricultural and Natural ecosystems(PPGEAN) Federal University of Santa CatarinaUlysses Gaboardikm 3CuritibanosSC 89520-000Brazil Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Coimbra3000-456 CoimbraPortugal Department of Animal Science UDESC OesteSanta Catarina State UniversityChapecóSC 89815-630Brazil

Vegetation types alter soil ecosystems by changing soil fauna community activities and soil physi-cal-chemical ***,it is unclear how tree species(natural forest,native and exotic tree plantations)promote changes in the soil ecosystem,and if these changes alter functional groups of soil fauna and ecosystem *** determine the effects of five decades of old-field veg-etation on soil ecosystems in the Brazilian Atlantic forest,field sampling of three ecosystems(exotic tree species Pinus elliottii ***,endangered tree species Arau-caria angustifolia(Bertol.)Kuntze plantation,and a natural ecosystem)were carried out,as well using bait-lamina tests and bioassays with collembolans,earthworms and seeds of Lactuca sativa *** sampling evaluated the soil fauna community and soil physical-chemical *** bait-lamina test in situ was carried out for 14-days to deter-mine fauna feeding activity,and the bioassays evaluated the reproduction of Folsomia candida,the avoidance of Eisenia andrei,and germination of *** in the soil from each *** results are:(1)vegetation type altered the soil fauna community composition;(2)soil fauna feeding was reduced in the plantations compared to the natural eco-system;(3)a physical barrier was created by recalcitrant litter that compromised fauna community structure and seed bank germination in situ;and,(4)changes in soil physical-chemical properties promoted decomposers.

关键词： Endangered tree species Exotic tree species forest ecosystem Soil fauna functional groups Soil invertebrates

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