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Impact of forest governance and enforcement on deforestation and forest degradation at the district level:A study in West Bengal State,India

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第4期4卷 441-452页

作者： Aishwarya BASU Jyotish Prakash BASU University of Burdwan Burdwan713104India West Bengal State University Kolkata700126India

According to the United Nations Environmental Programme(UNEP),the world loses 1.0×106hm2forest land through deforestation annually.About 1.6×106people who depend on forests for livelihood are negatively affected by deforestation and forest degradation.The paper attempts to study the impact of forest governance,enforcement and socio-economic factors on deforestation and forest degradation at the local level in West Bengal State,India.The study was based on questionnaire survey data during 2020–2021 collected from three western districts(Purulia,Bankura,and Paschim Medinipur)where deforestation and poverty rates are higher than other districts in West Bengal State.The total number of selected villages was 29,and the total sample households were 693.A stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data,and a questionnaire was followed.forest governance and enforcement indices were constructed using United Nation Development Programme(UNDP)methodology and a step-wise logistic regression model was used to identify the factors affecting deforestation and forest degradation.The result of this study showed that four factors(illegal logging,weak forest administration,encroachment,and poverty)are identified for the causes of deforestation and forest degradation.It is observed that six indices of forest governance(rule of law,transparency,accountability,participation,inclusiveness and equitability,and efficiency and effectiveness)are relatively high in Purulia District.Moreover,this study shows that Purulia and Bankura districts follow medium forest governance,while Paschim Medinipur District has poor forest governance.The enforcement index is found to be highest in Purulia District(0.717)and lowest for Paschim Medinipur District(0.257).Finally,weak forest governance,poor socio-economic conditions of the households,and weak enforcement lead to the deforestation and forest degradation in the study area.Therefore,governments should strengthen law enforcement and encourage sustainable forest certification schemes to

关键词： Deforestation forest degradation forest governance index Enforcement index Illegal logging Logistic regression model India

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Increased salinity and groundwater levels lead to degradation of the Robinia pseudoacacia forest in the Yellow River Delta

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1233-1245页

作者： Chaoxia Lu Chen Zhao Jing Liu Kailun Li Baoshan Wang Min Chen Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJi’nan 250014People’s Republic of China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Ecology and PhysiologyShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJi’nan 250100People’s Republic of China

forest degradation is a worldwide problem,although its causes vary due to geographical and climatic differences and man-made causes.In recent years,the Robinia pseudoacacia forest in the Yellow River Delta has suffered severe degradation.The causative mechanisms were investigated in the field over two years,and the results show that increased forest degradation was reflected by increased tree mortality,high leaf and soil sodium salt levels and groundwater depth.Average tree diameters decreased,and leaf chlorophyll and soil microbial contents decreased.Redundancy discriminate analysis(RDA)showed that degradation of the forest was correlated positively with soil salt content,but negatively with groundwater depth.Correlation analysis showed that 0.79%–0.95%soil salt content and above 1.20 m groundwater depth caused the death of R.pseudoacacia trees due to localized anthropogenic economic activities,such as rice farming,that disrupted the original water–salt balance.Measures are recommended to prevent further degradation and restore degraded forests.

关键词： forest degradation Groundwater depth Robinia pseudoacacia forest Soil salt content The Yellow River Delta

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Characterization of forest degradation beyond Canopy Cover Change in Mau forest, Kenya

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Open Journal of forestry 2022年第4期12卷 393-407页

作者： Merceline Awuor Ojwala Felix Mutua Mwangi James Kinyanjui Department of Geomatic Engineering and Geospatial Information Systems Jommo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing Nairobi Kenya School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University Karatina Kenya

Monitoring forest degradation is evidence enough to show a country’s commitment to monitor the forest trend both for national and local decision-making and international reporting processes. Unlike deforestation which is easier to point out, monitoring forest degradation is quite a challenge since there is no universal definition and thus no clear monitoring methods apart from the canopy cover change. This research, therefore, sought to look at the degradation trends in the Mau forest complex between 1995-2020 with the aim of finding out whether monitoring canopy density changes over time and quantifying these changes in terms of biomass loss could be a good approach in monitoring forest degradation. forest Canopy Density (FCD) model was adopted focusing on using vegetation indices describing biophysical conditions of Vegetation, Shadow and Bareness to monitor changes in canopy density as a parameter for describing forest degradation in the forest blocks of Maasai Mau and Olpusimoru in Mau forest complex. Results indicated how different vegetation indices responded to changes in the vegetation density and eventually changes in the canopy density values which were converted in terms of biomass loss. The forest Canopy Density model proved to be a good tool for monitoring forest degradation since it combines different biophysical indices with different characteristics capturing what is happening below the canopy.

关键词： forest degradation Canopy Density Vegetation Indices Biomass Loss Monitoring

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Biodiversity of Edible Caterpillars of Imbrasia and Host Plants in Boukoko (Central African Republic)

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第1期12卷 38-55页

作者： Lucie Aba-Toumnou Solange-Patrica Wango Denis Beina Jean-Pierre Moalbaye Gorgon Igor Touckia Rufin Reo-Ndouba Felix Allah-Barem Olga Diane Yongo Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development Faculty of Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology and Biodiversity University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Center of Studies and Research on Pharmacopoeia and Traditional African Medicine (CERPHAMETA) University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Plant and Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory Faculty of Science University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Higher Institute for Rural Development (ISDR) University of Bangui Mba&iumlki Central African Republic Central African Republic Institute of Agriculture Research Bangui Central African Republic

In Central African Republic, edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender are income of rural populations, present an opportunity to improve food security and belonging to the category of Non-wood forest products. The goal of this study is to document the ecology of caterpillars of genre Imbrasia in relation to its host plants in Boukoko. The questionnaire was addressed to the actors of the collection and consumption of caterpillars in this Commune, to their local knowledge concerning this food resource as well as the plants of their locality on which caterpillars are collected. The survey took place in September to October 2022 and as a general rule, the 120 respondents were elderly people whose age range varied from 35 to 70 years old. Plant samples are collected in their natural environment. Based on local names;herbaria are mounted, plants photographed and samples collected. The types of edible caterpillars have been inventoried in the field in collaboration with the local populations who consume them. Based on local names, the caterpillars are captured manually from morphological traits and then stored in bottles containing 70% ethanol. The specimens were identified. The data was entered into the Excel spreadsheet which also made it possible to produce histograms with the frequencies of the plant species most valued by the different caterpillars. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then performed using R software to highlight the correlation between caterpillars and host plants. The main economic importance trees hosting edible caterpillars of Imbrasia gender in Boukoko region are: Entandrophragma cylindricum, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Maesopsis eminii, Albizia ferruginea, Macaranga spinosa, Amphimas ferrugineus, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Racosperma auriculiforme, Eribroma oblonga. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out to assess the variability between the different species of caterpillars according to their host plants shows that the first two axes F1 and F2 explain 27.34% of the overall variabi

关键词： forest degradation Losing Biodiversity of Consumed Insects Local Population

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Assessing the Correlation between forest degradation and Climate Variability in the Oluwa forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第4期9卷 371-390页

作者： Felix Ndukson Buba Efron Nduke Gajere Ferdinand Fang Ngum African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University Campus Ile-Ife Nigeria National Centre for Remote Sensing (NCRS) Jos Nigeria Societe d’Exploitation forester Yond Dong (SEFYD) Congo Brazzaville

Between 1981 and 1994, Nigeria lost 3.7 million hectares of its forests. It is estimated that less than 4% of Nigeria’s rainforest cover is left. Reckless use and abuse of the forest reserves in Nigeria lead to degradation. However, the relationship between forest degradation and climate variability has not been clearly elucidated. This study assesses the trend of forest degradation between 1986, 2002 and 2014 in the study area and also examines the correlation between forest degradation and climate variability using temperature and rainfall parameters. Classification of Landsat images (TM 1986, ETM+ 2002, and OLI 2014) and change analysis using NDVI values of three-timed period were performed to observe forest degradation in the study area. NDVI values were calculated by combining bands 4 (near infrared) and 3 (visible red) for Landsat TM and ETM+ and bands 5 (near infrared) and 4 (visible red) for Landsat OLI using the spatial analysis extension in ArcGIS environment Linear regression statistical analysis was employed to determine the correlation between forest degradation and climate variability. The results show a fluctuation in the trend of forest degradation, while a positive correlation coefficient of 0.58 shows that there is a relationship between forest degradation and temperature and rainfall variability. The study concludes that though there is a positive correlation between forest degradation and climate variability in the study area, the relationship is weak and not strong enough to make generalizations.

关键词： forest degradation Temperature Rainfall NDVI Regression Analysis

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Dynamic response to climate change in the radial growth of Picea schrenkiana in western Tien Shan,China

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 147-157页

作者： Liang Jiao Shengjie Wang Ke Chen Xiaoping Liu College of Geography and Environment Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070People’s Republic of China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875People’s Republic of China

forests are important ecosystems for economic and social development.However,the response of tree radial growth to climate has produced‘divergent problems'at high latitudes under global warming.In this study,the response stability and trend of Picea schrenkiana radial growth to variability in climate factors were analyzed in the mid-latitudes of the western Tien Shan Mountains.Radial growth of P.schrenkiana was mainly limited by minimum and mean temperatures.The divergent responses of radial growth occurred in response to the minimum and mean temperatures at the beginning of the growing season(April–May)of the current year,but responses to drought occurred in July–September of the previous year.And the mean and minimum temperatures in June–September of the current year were both stable.Radial growth first increased and then decreased according to the basal area increment,with a gradual increase in temperature.Therefore,forest ecosystems in mountainous arid areas will be increasingly affected by future climate warming.

关键词： Dendroecology Divergent response Climate change forest degradation Western Tien Shan mountains

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Landscape influences and management countermeasures of ginseng planting near Changbai mountain nature reserve

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Journal of forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1939-1948页

作者： Mingfang Tang Sha Qiu Lijie Liu Tao Li Shanlin Li Tianshu Yu State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Biocoenosis and Biodiversity Changbai Mountain Academy of Science133613YanbianJilinPeople’s Republic of China National Science Library Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190People’s Republic of China

Ginseng planting in Northeast China brings economic benefits but affects forest landscape integrity and native ecological processes.In order to quantify the impacts of ginseng planting on the forest landscape,Fusong County in Jilin Province was selected as a study area.The number and distribution of ginseng fields over different time was quantified based on remote sensing and ground surveys.Grid analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to study the impacts of ginseng planting on the landscape.The results showed that altitudes and slopes of ginseng fields increased and became increasingly scattered and smaller closer to the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve.Ginseng fields and abandoned fields increased total patches and total area of the local forested landscape,and shared edge lengths between ginseng fields and forests,resulting in continuous fragmentation of the landscape.Although the total area of existing and abandoned ginseng fields accounts for a small fraction of the total landscape,their negative impacts on ecosystem conservation is significant.The local government needs to rationally plan ginseng planting,scientifically implement the restoration of abandoned ginseng lands,and enhance awareness of ginseng farmers to environmental stewardship.Our study has important significance for maintaining the healthy and stable development of the local ginseng industry and for improving the quality of regional ecological environment.

关键词： Ginseng planting Agroforestry system Land use Landscape fragmentation forest degradation Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

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Charcoal production through selective logging leads to degradation of dry woodlands:a case study from Mutomo District,Kenya

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第4期8卷 618-631页

作者： Geoffrey M NDEGWA Udo NEHREN Friederike GRüNINGER Miyuki IIYAMA Dieter ANHUF Department of Physical Geography University of PassauPassau 4094036Germany Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics TH Ko1n University of Applied SciencesCologne 250679Germany The World Agroforestry Centre Nairobi 30677-00100Kenya The Japan I-nternational Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)1-1 Owashi Tsukubalbaraki Prefecture 305-0851Japan

Provision of woodfuel is an important ecosystem service of dry forests and woodlands. However, charcoal production through selective logging of preferred hardwood species has the potential to alter the physiognomic composition of the residual or re-growth woodlands and may lead to their deterioration and degradation. This study, conducted through forest inventory in Mutomo District in Kenya, assessed the impact of charcoal production on unprotected dry woodlands in terms of tree density, targeted species basal area, species richness, evenness and Shannon diversity. The parameters of the disturbed woodlands were evaluated for significant differences with those of the neighbouring protected Tsavo East National Park, which served as a reference for an ecologically undisturbed ecosystem. By evaluating a consequence of tree harvesting for charcoal production, this study confirmed the overall significant differences between the protected and unprotected woodlands in all the tested parameters. To confirm if the differences in the land-covers of the woodlands had any influence on their degradation, all mentioned parameters were compared between the four differentiated classes and their respective control plots in the protected areas. At the ＂land-cover level＂, the statistically significant difference in the basal area of tree species preferred for charcoal production between the protected and unprotected open trees confirms that the class with a high density of large mature trees is the prime target of charcoal producers. In addition, there seems to be a general trend of lower values of tree species richness, evenness and Shannon diversity for the unprotected woodlands subjected to charcoal production. On the other hand, the disturbed woodlands display the potential to recover through their comparably high saplings density. The findings make an important contribution to the discourse on the impact of charcoal production in dry woodlands, a topic that is highly controversial among researchers.

关键词： charcoal burning forest degradation selective harvesting Acacia-Commiphora bushland coppicing

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Monitoring forest Recovery in Protected forests of Northern Côte d’Ivoire Using Landsat Imagery and Intensity Change Analysis

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第2期11卷 17-37页

作者： N’Guessan Simon Andon Avy Stéphane Koffi Farid Traoré Patrick N’Gatta Department of Geography Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Geosciences Université Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In this paper, the initiatives of reforestation of the national forests of the North of the Côte d’Ivoire were examined using geomatics and the analysis of change of intensity by taking the case of the protected forest of Badénou (PFB). A spatial analysis based on multi-spectral and multi-temporal Landsat imagery was carried out to assess land cover changes in the (PFB) over the past two decades and determine whether patterns of change in terms of the intensity of gains/losses of each of the land cover classes were active or dormant between the period before (2000-2013) and after (2013-2019) the reforestation initiative. Five main classes were identified: forest (dry deciduous and gallery forests), tree savannah, shrub/grassy savannah (including agricultural lands), bare lands (bare soils and degraded land areas), and water course. All classes were satisfactorily classified, with an excellent producer’s and user’s and overall accuracies and very good Kappa coefficients. The results showed that between 2000 and 2019, the forest cover in the PFB increased from 7778 ha to 5054 ha, a decrease was marked between 2000 and 2013 of approximately 60% compared to its size in 2000, while a slight increase between 2013 and 2019 (4645 ha to 5054 ha) i.e. around 9%) certainly due to the reforestation since 2016. As for the annual intensities of change for each class in both study periods, changes (gain or loss) in forest and tree savanna were relatively dormant after reforestation, while annual bare land gain was relatively active and marked, indicating that degradation of forests remains a threat to the sustainability of the PFB. forest degradation has occurred mainly in the eastern parts of the PFB, while the central parts have regained more tree cover. These results can help identify conservation and restoration priorities and improve the overall management of the PFB.

关键词： forest degradation Reforestation forest Cover Monitoring Intensity Change Analysis Desertification

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Restoration of forested Lands under Bauxite Mining with Emphasis on Guyana during the First Two Decades of the XXI Century: A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 41-67页

作者： Susy Lewis Judith Rosales University of Guyana Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Georgetown Guyana

Mining poses a major environmental threat to tropical forest ecosystems, given its role in long-term forest degradation. Like Suriname, Guyana presents one of the less disturbed forested lands in South America. The local economy is improving, thanks to the development of mining which is primarily focused on gold, diamond, and bauxite. This, however, has resulted in long-term degradation of important forest ecosystems and the pollution of water bodies, and these have given rise to increasing concentrations of sediments. Taking into consideration the afore-mentioned, this review synthesizes, for the first time, literature which describes knowledge-based restoration practices in forested fragmented landscapes at different bauxite mining areas. The principal objective of this endeavor is to learn from case studies that have been carried out in the Neotropics especially in South America, with a view to applying best practices to the Guyana context. It has been found that mining presents a serious challenge for physical, chemical, and biological restoration. Comprehensive knowledge of the ecology of the landscape—structure and configuration, soil type, physical, chemical and biological properties, dispersal mode, and the identification and quantification/inventory of plant communities is critically important pinpointed for planning restoration programmes. The process of recovering some of the ecological functions of the pristine forest, through natural regeneration, is vital to supporting biodiversity in overburden dumps and to mitigating environmental impacts. One of these many functions, functional connectivity, can be enhanced to optimize the restoration of forest cover leading to an increase in local biodiversity. Bearing in mind the afore-stated, this review synthesizes passive and active restoration through reforestation with local and exotic species, ecological management of colonization, nucleation practices, and the use of Landscape Ecology models. These have been identified as the most appropriate to follow,

关键词： Bauxite Mining Connectivity forest degradation Guyana Reclamation Restoration

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