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forensic imaging:a powerful tool in modern forensic investigation

forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 385-392页

作者： Min Zhang Faculty of forensic Investigation Department of Criminal Justice Coppin State UniversityBaltimoreMDUS

forensic imaging is a non-invasive examination process during the forensic investigation.It is mainly used in forensic pathology as an adjunct to the traditional autopsy.In the past two decades,forensic imaging has been vigorously developed by forensic experts from computed tomography(CT)to multiple augmented techniques through CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The application field of forensic imaging has also been broadened as its advantages are recognised by more forensic practitioners.In addition to the forensic pathology,this technique has been used in other forensic disciplines,including forensic anthropology,forensic odontology,forensic ballistics and wildlife forensics,etc.This article reviews the development of forensic imaging as the practice and research development in different forensic disciplines based on the relevant literature analysis.

关键词： forensic sciences forensic imaging forensic investigation computed tomography(CT) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) angiography review

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A fatal case of oxygen embolism in a hospital

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 100-106页

作者： Lionel Comment Vincent Varlet Kewin Ducrot Silke Grabherr forensic Medicine Unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland Unit of forensic imaging and Anthropology University Center of Legal MedicineCHUV HospitalLausanne-GenevaSwitzerland

This case reports on a 68-year-old man who was found dead in hospital next to his bed.Before this,he had been treated with intravenous antibiotics for pneumonia.The body was found with a peripheral venous catheter connected to a nasal cannula delivering oxygen(O_(2))from the wall.Extensive medico-legal examinations were performed,including post-mortem computed tomography(CT),complete conventional autopsy,histological and immunohistochemistry analysis,toxicological analysis and post-mortem chemistry.Additionally,CT-guided gas sampling was performed at multiple sites to collect samples for gas analysis.During the external examination,massive subcutaneous emphysema was visible over the entire surface of the body.The CT scan revealed the presence of gas throughout the vascular system,and in the subcutaneous and muscular tissues.The autopsy confirmed the presence of lobar pneumonia and multiple gas bubbles in the vascular system.The gas analysis results showed a subnormal concentration of oxygen,confirming the suspected pure O_(2) embolism.Moreover,the carbon dioxide(CO_(2))concentration in the gas sample from the heart was elevated to a level similar to those found in scuba diving fatalities.This could come from degassing of dissolved CO_(2) that accumulated and was trapped in the cardiac cavity.Based on the results of the different exams performed,and especially the gas analysis results,it was concluded that the cause of death was O_(2) embolism.

关键词： forensic science air embolism autopsy forensic imaging gas analysis

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CT-scan vs.3D surface scanning of a skull:first considerations regarding reproducibility issues

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 93-99页

作者： Stella Fahrni Lorenzo Campana Alejandro Dominguez Tanya Uldin Fabrice Dedouit Olivier Deleemont Silke Grabherr School of Criminal Justice University of LausanneLausanne-DorignySwitzerland Department of forensic imaging University Centre for Legal Medicine Lausanne-GenevaLausanneSwitzerland Department of Technological Radiology Health School of Sciences Vaud-HESAVLausanneSwitzerland

Three-dimensional surface scanning(3DSS)and multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT)are two techniques that are used in legal medicine for digitalizing objects,a body or body parts such as bones.While these techniques are more and more commonly employed,surprisingly little information is known about the quality rendering of digitalized three-dimensional(3D)models provided by each of them.This paper presents findings related to the measurement precision of 3D models obtained through observation of a study case,where a fractured skull reconstructed by an anthropologist was digitalized using both post-mortem imaging methods.Computed tomography(CT)scans were performed using an 8-row MDCT unit with two different slice thicknesses.The variability of 3D CT models superimposition allowed to assess the reproducibility and robustness of this digitalization technique.Furthermore,two 3D surface scans were done using a professional high resolution 3D digitizer.The comparison of 3D CT-scans with 3D surface scans by superimposition demonstrated several regions with significant differences in topology(average difference between+1.45 and-1.22 mm).When comparing the reproducibility between these two digitalizing techniques,it appeared that MDCT 3D models led in general to greater variability for measurement precision between scanned surfaces.Also,the reproducibility was better achieved with the 3D surface digitizer,showing 3D models with fewer and less pronounced differences(from+0.32 to-0.31 mm).These experiments suggest that MDCT provides less reproducible body models than 3D surface scanning.But further studies must be undertaken in order to corroborate this first impression,and possibly explain the reason for these findings.

关键词： forensic imaging multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) 3D surface scanning anthropology

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Modern post-mortem imaging:an update on recent developments

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forensic Sciences Research 2017年第2期2卷 52-64页

作者： Silke Grabherr Coraline Egger Raquel Vilarino Lorenzo Campana Melissa Jotterand Fabrice Dedouit University Centre of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva LausanneSwitzerland Service of Legal Medicine Central Institute of HospitalsSionSwitzerland

Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are therefore techniques that show the interior of the body with technologies such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging.To digitally image the surface of the body,other techniques are regularly applied,e.***.three-dimensional(3D)surface scanning(3DSS)or photogrammetry.Today’s most frequently used techniques include post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT),post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging(PMMR),post-mortem computed tomographic angiography(PMCTA)and 3DSS or photogrammetry.Each of these methods has specific advantages and limitations.Therefore,the indications for using each method are different.While PMCT gives a rapid overview of the interior of the body and depicts the skeletal system and radiopaque foreign bodies,PMMR allows investigation of soft tissues and parenchymal organs.PMCTA is the method of choice for viewing the vascular system and detecting sources of bleeding.However,none of those radiological methods allow a detailed digital view of the body’s surface,which makes 3DSS the best choice for such a purpose.If 3D surface scanners are not available,photogrammetry is an alternative.This review article gives an overview of different imaging techniques and explains their applications,advantages and limitations.We hope it will improve understanding of the methods.

关键词： forensic science forensic imaging post-mortem radiology post-mortem computed tomography post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging 3D scanning post-mortem angiography photogrammetry

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