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Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus)equalizes foraging costs with depth by switching foraging tactics

Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 685-694页

作者： Peizhong Liu Meihan Liu Dongyang Xiao Ying He Rong Fan Cai Lu Li Wen Qing Zeng Guangchun Lei Centre for East Asian-Australasian Flyway Studies Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China The People’s Government of Shangqing Town Yingtan335004China NSW Department of Planning Industry and EnvironmentScienceEconomics and Insights DivisionSydney2150Australia Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydney2109Australia

Throughout evolutionary history,animals are finely tuned to adjust their behaviors corresponding to environmental *** flexibility represents an important component of a species'adaptive capacity in the face of rapid anthropogenetic environmental change,and knowledge of animal behaviors is increasingly recognized in conservation *** aquatic ecosystem,variation of water depth is a key factor affecting the availability of food;thus,the foraging behaviors of many waterbirds,especially *** this study,we compared the foraging behaviors of the Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus),an endangered migratory diving duck endemic to East Asia,in habitats with different water depths(Shallow waters:0–40 cm;Deep waters:40–300 cm),using video camera records obtained from the known wintering sites during three winters from 2018 to ***,the energy expenditure of foraging behavior profile and energy intake based on fish sizes were calculated to study the foraging *** total,200 effective video footages that contained 1086 min with 17,995 behaviors and 163 events of catching fish were *** showed that:1)time length for fishing(including eye-submerging,head-dipping,diving and food handling)of *** in shallow waters was significantly more than in deep waters;2)*** spent significantly more time for preparing(including vigilance,preening and swimming)in deep waters than in shallow waters;3)the mean catch rate was 0.28 fish/min in shallow waters,which is significantly higher than the value of 0.13 fish/min in deep waters;4)despite the distinct foraging behavior profiles and energy intakes,*** showed similar energetics in shallow and deep *** concluded that *** is a good example of behavioral flexibility that aligns with expectations of optimal foraging theory,in that it behaves in accordance to resource availability in different environments,resulting in high foraging efficiency.

关键词： foraging behavior adaption foraging energetics In-stream habitats Migratory waterbird

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