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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett M.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki Matthew G.Salena Marian Y.L.Wong Ian M.Hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral motivations.Colorful signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well understood.Here,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative relationships.Individuals with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory intruders.We did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant females.Additionally,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged in.Dominant males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small patches.However,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts themselves.Taken together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： Austin Dotta Batur Yaman Alex Van Huynh Department of Biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian life.Prior studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and contexts.Here we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging setting.We use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field vs.forest).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site types.We did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging rates.Our results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

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Nutritional needs and mortality risk combine to shape foraging decisions in ants

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 747-755页

作者： Bryce Barbee Noa Pinter-Wollman Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

When foraging,internal needs for particular nutrients might affect food choice,and external constraints,such as predation risk,might impact trade-offs between foraging and risk avoidance.Examining both internal and external constraints simultaneously can provide important insights into how animals make decisions.We examined how internal nutritional needs and external cues of mortality risk jointly impact the foraging behavior of ants.Ant colonies require carbohydrates to support workers energetically and proteins to raise brood.Furthermore,colonies adjust their foraging activity in response to the environment,such as food availability and the presence of predators or heterospecifics.Here we exam-ine the foraging decisions of groups of Argentine ants Linepithema humile,which differ in their nutritional needs in high-risk environments.We starved groups of ants for either proteins or carbohydrates and determined the foraging choices that ants made when cues of heterospecifics were present.We found that ants preferentially forage for carbohydrates in high-risk conditions.Furthermore,starvation for carbohydrates increased the ants'preference for carbohydrates,even when cues of heterospecifics were present at both carbohydrates and protein resources.Starvation for protein also resulted in preferential foraging for carbohydrates,but it increased visitation to a protein food source in high-risk envi-ronments compared to when ants were starved for carbohydrates or for both resources.Examining the effect of both nutrition and mortality risk on foraging simultaneously provides insights about state-dependent risk-taking behavior that may have important implications for predicting theinvasionofspecies intonovelhabitats.

关键词： decision-making foraging nutrition risk trade-offs

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Brain size predicts foraging and escaping abilities in the paddy frogs

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第5期18卷 958-961页

作者： Chuan CHEN Weijie SHAO Xin ZHU Yuejun YANG Ying JIANG Wenbo LIAO Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina

Dear Editor,Selective pressures emerging from the environmental complexity can drive variation in vertebrate brain size(Sol et al.2005;Sayol et al.2016).It is generally agreed that larger brains can confer better cognitive abilities when species are faced with complex environments(Roth et al.2010;Sayol et al.2016).Indeed,there is evidence that artificial selection on large-brained individuals has enhanced learning abilities such as numerical abilities and spatial mate search and schooling behavior in guppies(Kotrschal et al.2013,2015;Vega-Trejo et al.2020).

关键词： frog foraging size

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The combined role of visual and olfactory cues in foraging by Cataglyphis ants in laboratory mazes

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 401-408页

作者： Tomer Gilad Ori Bahar Malak Hasan Adi Bar Aziz Subach Inon Scharf School of Zoology George S Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

Foragers use several senses to locate food,and many animals rely on vision and smell.It is beneficial not to rely on a single sense,which might fail under certain conditions.We examined the contribution of vision and smell to foraging and maze exploration under laboratory conditions using Cataglyphis desert ants as a model.foraging intensity,measured as the number of workers entering the maze and arriving at the target as well as target arrival time,were greater when food,blue light,or both were offered or presented in contrast to a control.Workers trained to forage for a combined food and light cue elevated their foraging intensity with experience.However,foraging intensity was not higher when using both cues simultaneously than in either one of the two alone.Following training,we split between the two cues and moved either the food or the blue light to the opposite maze corner.This manipulation impaired foraging success by either leading to fewer workers arriving at the target cell(when the light stayed and the food was moved)or to more workers arriving at the opposite target cell,empty of food(when the food stayed and the light was moved).This result indicates that ant workers use both senses when foraging for food and readily associate light with food.

关键词： binary-tree maze desert ants diet choice foraging sensual modality spatial learning

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Social vocalizations of big-footed myotis(Myotis macrodactylus)during foraging

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第5期14卷 446-459页

作者： Dongge GUO Bo LUO Kangkang ZHANG Muxun LIU Walter METZNER Ying LIU Jiang FENG Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Department of Integrative Biology&Physiology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina

Acoustic signals play a crucial role in transmitting information and maintaining social stability in gregarious animals,especially in echolocating bats,which rely primarily on biological sonar for navigating in the dark.In the context of foraging without relying on tactile,visual or olfactory cues,acoustic signals convey information not only on food but also on ownership and defense of resources.However,studies on such information remain fragmentary.In the present study,we aim to document the social vocal repertoire of Myotis macrodactylus at natural foraging sites.Multiple acoustic analyses and spectrographic classification revealed a rich foraging vocal repertoire comprising 6 simple syllables and 2 composites.Discriminant function analyses associated with a subset-validation procedure provided an optimal method to spectrographically classify all recorded sounds into different syllable types.Multidimensional scaling of median values of multiple parameters further confirmed notable differences among these syllables in a 3-D space.In addition,Euclidean distance analysis showed that there were some spectral similarities between specific social vocal syllables and feeding buzzes,which implied a potential jamming role.Altogether,the data indicate that bats at foraging sites under natural conditions used variant social vocalizations with different functions in addition to echolocation calls,providing supporting evidence for further work on the function and vocal mechanisms of acoustic communication in mammals.

关键词： bats foraging social calls spectro-temporal features

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Joint effects of weather and interspecific competition on foraging behavior and survival of a mountain herbivore

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 165-175页

作者： Francesco FERRETTI Sandro LOVARI Philip A. STEPHENS Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology Ethology and Wildlife Management Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Via P.A. Mattioli 4 53100 Siena Italy Conservation Ecology Group Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK Maremma Natural History Museum Strada Corsini 5 58100 Grosseto Italy

Weather variations have the potential to in fluence species interactions, although effects on competitive interactions between species are poorly known. Both weather and competition can influence foraging behavior and survival of herbivores during nursing/weaning, a critical period in the herbivore life cycle. We evaluated the joint effects of weather and competition with red deer Cervus elaphus on the foraging behavior of adult female Apen nine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata in summer, and on winter survival of chamois kids. High temperature and low rainfall during the growing seas on of vegetation had negative effects on bite rate. Effects of weather were greater in forb patches, including cold-adapted, nutritious plants of key importanee to chamois, than in graminoid ones. Our results confirm previous indications of a negative effect of competition on bite rate of female chamois and on kid survival. Furthermore, harsh weather conditions and competition with deer had additive, negative roles on foraging behavior and survival of chamois. Growing temperatures are expected to influence distribution, growth, and/or nutritional quality of plants;competition would reduce pasture quality and food availability through resource depletion. Both factors would limit food/energy intake rates during summer, reducing survival of the youngest cohorts in winter. We suggest that interspecific competition can be an important additive factor to the effects of weather changes on behavior and demography.

关键词： chamois foraging behavior global changes interspecific interactions resource exploitation ungulates

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An exploration of the relationship between recruitment communication and foraging in stingless bees

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 551-560页

作者： Robbie I’ANSON PRICE Francisca SEGERS Amelia BERGER Fabio S.NASCIMENTO Christoph GRUTER Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGene`ve 1201Switzerland Department for Applied Bioinformatics Institute of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceGoethe UniversityFrankfurt 60438Germany Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de FilosofiaCiencias e Letras de Ribeirao PretoUniversidade de Sao PauloRibeirao PretoSao Paulo CEP 14040-901Brazil School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristol BS81TQUK

Social information is widely used in the animal kingdom and can be highly adaptive.In social insects,foragers can use social information to find food,avoid danger,or choose a new nest site.Copying others allows individuals to obtain information without having to sample the environment.When foragers communicate information they will often only advertise high-quality food sources,thereby filtering out less adaptive information.Stingless bees,a large pantropical group of highly eusocial bees,face intense inter-and intra-specific competition for limited resources,yet display disparate foraging strategies.Within the same environment there are species that communicate the location of food resources to nest-mates and species that do not.Our current understanding of why some species communicate foraging sites while others do not is limited.Studying freely foraging colonies of several co-existing stingless bee species in Brazil,we investigated if recruitment to specific food locations is linked to 1)the sugar content of forage,2)the duration of foraging trips,and 3)the variation in activity of a colony from 1 day to another and the variation in activity in a species over a day.We found that,contrary to our expectations,species with recruitment communication did not return with higher quality forage than species that do not recruit nestmates.Furthermore,foragers from recruiting species did not have shorter foraging trip durations than those from weakly recruiting species.Given the intense inter-and intraspecific competition for resources in these environments,it may be that recruiting species favor food resources that can be monopolized by the colony rather than food sources that offer high-quality rewards.

关键词： communication foraging social information stingless bee

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foraging behavior of the Greater White-fronted Goose(Anser albifrons) wintering at Shengjin Lake: diet shifts and habitat use

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 65-73页

作者： Yanguang Fan Lizhi Zhou Lei Cheng Yunwei Song Wenbin Xu School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration(Anhui University) Hefei 230601China Anhui Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve Dongzhi 247200China

Background: The habitat use and foraging behaviors of waterbirds are closely related to the distribution and abundance of their food resources. Reductions in food supply can cause waterbirds to shift their habitats and adjust their foraging behaviors to meet their nutritional requirements and increase fitness. Seasonal withdraw of the water levels in the river-connected lakes in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain provides abundant food resources for the wintering Greater White-fronted Goose(Anser albifrons). Sedge(Carex) meadows are critical foraging habitats for herbivorous waterbirds in the hydro-fluctuation belt, which changes with hydrological conditions and climate. This study aimed to examine the behavioral responses of the Greater White-fronted Goose to temporal-spatial changes of food availability in the Sedge meadows.Methods: Fields surveys were carried out at Shengjin Lake from November 2017 to April 2018. According to the phenology of Shengjin Lake, we divided the wintering season into three periods. The food density, minimum temperature, food items, grass height, and number of foraging geese were surveyed, and samples of the foraging behavior were collected. We analyzed the relationship of the foraging behavior and habitat use relative to the food resources, using correlation and linear regression analyses.Results: Along with the temporal-spatial variation and exploitation of food resources, the food abundance and items varied widely among the foraging sites. Over the whole wintering period, the foraging habitat with the highest utilization rate was the meadows, followed by the paddy fields, and then mudflats. Furthermore, the utilization of the meadows showed a bimodal distribution trend, while the paddy fields showed a unimodal trend, and a decreasing trend was seen in the mudflats over the whole wintering period. The results of the generalized linear model showed that the foraging rate was related to the food density and grass height, with a linearly increasing trend during the winter.Co

关键词： foraging behavior foraging rate Food resources Grass height Habitat use

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Sexual dimorphism in the alpine butterflies Boloria pales and Boloria napaea:differences in movement and foraging behavior (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae)

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Insect Science 2018年第6期25卷 1089-1101页

作者： Stefan Ehl Katharina Hostert Jana Korsch Patrick Gros Thomas Schmitt Department of Biogeography University of TrierTrierGermany Haus der Natur Salzburg Work group EntomologySalzburgAustria Senckenberg German Entomological Institute MünchebergGermany Entomology Department of ZoologyInstitute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany

Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon in Lepidoptera.It is reflected in differences in life history,behavior and morphology.Analyses of differences in behavior are mostly difficult and time-consuming,especially in high mountain ecosystems.To enhance our knowledge on sexual dimorphisms of alpine butterflies,we performed a mark-release-recapture study on 2 species common in the Alps:Boloriapales and Boloria napaea.We analysed movement and foraging behavior to investigate differences between sexes.Both sexes were mostly sedentary and the movement distances of males and females similar.However,obvious differences in dispersal behavior between the sexes were found in the movement patterns.Three different patterns were distinguished.Most males showed intensive flight activity,but mostly flew only in a limited part of the entire habitat (i.e.,their individual home range)searching for females,whereas females were less flight active and flew only to find places for oviposition or feeding.The third pattern,where individuals flew larger distances,was only observed in a small number of males,which always returned to their home range.Nearly all feeding was observed on Asteraceae.However,males preferred the genera Leontodon and Crepis,while females preferred Leontodon and Carduus.Apart from this sexual difference in foraging,individuals of both sexes were found to be more or less specialised on nectar sources.Flight activity was generally greater in males than females.Therefore,we think that sex-specific requirements in nectar ingredients exist,that is,sugar for the intensive flight activity of males and amino acids for egg production of females.

关键词： foraging behavior mark-release-recapture movement patterns nectar source specialization sexual dimorphism

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