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Improvement of forage production Sustainability in the Leningrad Region under Climate Change

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第10期3卷 797-802页

作者： Vladimir Surovtsev Vadim Molodkin Yulia Nikulina Mikhail Ponomarev Department of Development of Agricultural Sectors North-West Research Institute of Agricultural Economics and OrganizationShosse Podbelskogo Pushkin Saint-Petersburg 196608 Russia Department of Development Biotroph Company Ltd. Pushkin Saint-Petersburg 196602 Russia

The increase of probability and depth of weather anomalies, which is important characteristic of climate change process, leads to higher risk of loss of perennial grasses forage yield, rise of price volatility on forage grain market. Increase of sustainability of dairy production supposes development of adapted to new weather conditions technologies of forage production, which are characterized by different investment and current costs. It generates a need of economic evaluation and comparative analysis of technologies taking into account climate change forecast and need of sustainable forage production guarantee. Purpose of the research project is the development of approaches to assessing adaptive technologies in forage production, increasing of dairy farming sustainability to changes in the external environment, including climate change. We assessed changes in forage production technologies in the Leningrad region of Russia, analyzed the implications of these changes for production and financial performance of dairy farming, proposed and tested methods for determination of the optimum harvesting time of perennial grasses. Special attention is paid to the long-term effects of changing the structure of cows＇ diet--shortening the productive use of animals, which reduces the efficiency of dairy herd use and limits the possibility of expanded reproduction. The primary method of the study is the analysis of milk production statistics in the Leningrad region and the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, the necessity to improve the production and investment planning quality, as well as the use of forecasts during planning of dairy production, is grounded.

关键词： Dairy production forage production climate change adaptation investment efficiency.

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The impact of direct sowing into sward of permanent grassland on forage production

The impact of direct sowing into sward of permanent grasslan...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： Komarek,P. Kohoutek,A. NeruSil,P. Odstrcilova,V. Crop Research Institute PragueResearch Station in Jevicko K.H.Borovskeho 461Jevicko 56 943Czech Republic

＜正＞Introduction The introduction of legumes and grasses may positively influence the forage production,botanical composition of grassland and nutritive value of produced *** machines for direct sowing were ceveloped and *** significantly influenced further research,development and practical utilization of direct sowing technology in the Czech *** we till the sward into a wider and deeper strip,the growth and development of directly sown plants is significantly faster,which is a primary prerequisite for successful introduction of directly sown species into the grassland.

关键词： grassland direct sowing forage production fertilization

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Spatiotemporal patterns of the forage-livestock balance in the Xilin Gol steppe,China:implications for sustainably utilizing grassland-ecosystem services

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第2期13卷 135-151页

作者： QU Yingbo ZHAO Yuanyuan DING Guodong CHI Wenfeng GAO Guanglei Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Yanchi Research Station School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China College of Resources and Environmental Economics Inner Mongolia University of Finance and EconomicsHohhot 010017China

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of the forage-livestock balance is imperative for regionally arranging animal husbandry production while ensuring sustainable grassland-ecosystem service *** Xilin Gol steppe is an important native grassland resource in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,*** study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of the forage-livestock balance in the Xilin Gol steppe during the period 2000–*** evaluated the forage production and corresponding livestock carrying capacity(LCC)in the growing seasons of 2000–2015 using remote sensing data and field *** spatiotemporal patterns of the forage-livestock balance were then assessed at regional,city(including city,county and banner),and village scales using statistical and household survey *** results showed that both forage production and LCC decreased in the Xilin Gol steppe from east to *** the period 2000–2015,the regional average forage production and corresponding LCC fluctuated without following a distinct trend,but were consistent with the variations in *** forage-livestock balance varied with time,space,and *** the regional scale,steppes were overgrazed in the early 2000s,but a forage-livestock balance or even grazing potential was achieved in other *** the city scale,approximately half of the region exhibited a"forage-livestock balance"since ***,about half of the region still experienced overgrazing,which mainly located in the southwest sandy *** changes may have been affected by the variations in grassland quality,forage production,compensation payment,and so *** suggest a location-specific management scheme for grazing constraints,ecological compensation payment,and industry development to aid in harmonizing animal husbandry and environmental restoration,while promoting sustainable development goals by 2030.

关键词： forage production livestock carrying capacity forage-livestock balance Xilin Gol steppe sustainable development

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Variability of water supply affected shoot biomass and root depth distribution of four temperate grassland species in monocultures and mixtures

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第5期13卷 554-562页

作者： Eamon Haughey Jennifer CMcElwain John AFinn Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublin Ireland 2TeagascEnvironment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Aims Research on the effects of extreme rainfall events on ecosystem function has primarily focussed on drought or flooding events,which usually include changes to mean or total rainfall,annually or over a ***,less is known about the effects of increased rainfall variability without change to mean or total *** investigated the effects of increased variation of water supply on shoot and root biomass as well as the distribution of root biomass of four grassland plant species,grown in monoculture and mixture *** Perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.,shallow-rooting grass),chicory(Cichorium intybus L.,deep-rooting forb),white clover(Trifolium repens L.,shallow-rooting legume)and red clover(Trifolium pratense L.,deep-rooting legume)were established in *** plants of the same species were grown in monoculture communities and one of each species grown in four-species *** supply was manipulated such that;compared with a baseline level with low variation in water supply,there was a treatment with medium variation(±40%)and another with high variation(±80%).Shoot and root biomass were measured,and vertical root distribution models *** Findings Compared with the low variation treatment,shoot biomass was significantly reduced under high variation for white clover,red clover and four-species *** all conditions,four-species communities produced more shoot and root biomass than predicted by species performance in monoculture(overyielding).Under increased water variation,chicory monocultures allocated a higher proportion of root biomass to deeper soil layers while the total root biomass of white clover monocultures was significantly *** results indicate that increased variability of water supply can negatively affect the shoot and root biomass production of single and multi-species *** is a need for further investigation of water variation effects on the functioning of multi-sp

关键词： climate variability rainfall forage production root depth distribution grassland ecology

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Annual yields of multispecies grassland mesocosms outperformed monocultures across a drought gradient due to complementarity effects and rapid recovery

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 309-321页

作者： Eamon Haughey Jennifer C.McElwain John A.Finn Department of Natural Resources and the Environment Atlantic Technological UniversityGalwayIreland Botany Department School of Natural SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordIreland

Background:More frequent and severe drought events due to climate change pose a major challenge for sustainable forage production in managed *** study investigated whether multispecies grassland communities can provide greater resistance to and/or recovery from drought compared to monoculture ***:Mesocosms of Lolium perenne L.,Cichorium intybus L.,Trifolium repens *** Trifolium pratense *** established as monocultures,and a four-species mixture.A drought gradient with five levels of water supply ranging from a mild to a severe treatment was applied for 10 weeks,in each of 2 *** biomass was harvested to assess drought resistance,drought recovery and annual *** mass density and specific root length were measured in Year ***:Across the drought gradient,four-species communities had significantly larger annual yields than each of the four monocultures,indicating transgressive *** was despite relatively low drought resistance for four-species communities compared with *** and *** *** of yields following drought was high for all ***:Multispecies swards with complementary traits can provide a viable adaptation option across a wide range of drought *** of a stress gradient methodology allowed a more detailed understanding of stress responses.

关键词： climate change drought forage production functional biodiversity perturbation gradient resilience root traits

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Analysis of the Potential for Crop-livestock Integration in Burang County, China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第1期11卷 69-76页

作者： DUAN Cheng SHI Peili ZONG Ning ZHANG Xianzhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy ofSciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Crop-livestock integration(CLI)is a significant practice for livestock grazing systems in alpine range*** offers the potential to achieve sustainable crop and livestock ***,the separate crop and livestock systems that exist today have led to issues of intensive agriculture,rangeland degradation and forage shortage in the Tibetan *** crop-livestock integration through sown pastures can be an effective way to lift pasture productivity and improve livestock ***,to explore the potential for integrating crop and livestock production in alpine grazing systems,an assessment of potential forage and livestock production using multiple datasets was carried out in Burang County,*** showed the marginal land potentially available for sown pastures was about 560 ha,located mostly in the Burang township of the Karnali ***mulated temperature was the dominant limiting factor for establishing sown pastures,therefore cold tolerance of forage species and growth period should be taken into ***,the number of livestock decreased during the period 2012–2016;yet often,the number of livestock in rangeland landscape was greater than that in agro-pastoral *** average number of livestock was about 110000 standard sheep units(SU)in the study area,but forage from sown pastures and crop residues could potentially feed about 11000 SU,accounting for 50%of the livestock population in the Karnali *** found that integrating crop and forage production could fill feed gaps for grazing systems,particularly in the agro-pastoral landscape of the Karnali *** results of this study provide scientific support to guide future forage production and to promote further crop and livestock integration in Burang County.

关键词： crop-livestock integration(CLI) sown pastures forage production alpine rangelands Burang County

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Validation of a Technique for Estimating Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Biomass from Canopy Volume

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第1期7卷 238-245页

作者： Christopher G. Misar Lan Xu Arvid Boe Roger N. Gates Patricia S. Johnson Andrew E. Olson Northern Crop Science Laboratory USDA-ARS Fargo ND USA Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Plant Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Department of Natural Resource Management WRAC South Dakota State University Rapid City SD USA

Determining biomass production of individual alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants in space planted evaluation studies is generally not feasible. Clipping plants is time consuming, expensive, and often not possible if the plants are subjected to grazing. A regression function (B′ = 0.72558 + 0.11638 × V′) was developed from spaced plants growing on rangeland in northwestern South Dakota near Buffalo to nondestructively estimate individual plant biomass (B) from canopy volume (V). However, external validation is necessary to effectively apply the model to other environments. In the summer of 2015, new data to validate the model were collected from spaced plants near Brookings, South Dakota. Canopy volume and clipped plant biomass were obtained from ten alfalfa populations varying in genetic background, growth habit, and growth stage. Fitted models for the model-building and validation data sets had similar estimated regression coefficients and attributes. Mean squared prediction errors (MSPR) were similar to or smaller than error mean square (MSE) of the model-building regression model, indicating reasonable predictive ability. Validation results indicated that the model reliably estimated biomass of plants in another environment. However, the technique should not be utilized where individual plants are not easily distinguished, such as alfalfa monocultures. Estimating biomass from canopy volume values that are extrapolations (>2.077 × 106 cm3) of the model-building data set is not recommended.

关键词： forage production forage Yield Lucerne Phytomass Predictive Ability

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INTERCROPPING OF forage SPECIES IN MAIZE ON DRY FARMING LAND IXSOUTR-WEST CHINA

INTERCROPPING OF FORAGE SPECIES IN MAIZE ON DRY FARMING LAND...

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面向21世纪的动物科学与动物医学国际研讨会

作者： Uwe Simon Technische Universit’iIMfrnchen Lehrstuhljiir Gndnlanalehre

＜正＞The suitability of six forage crrps, i. e. （1） Phaseolus angularis, （2） Lactuca indica, （3） Ipomoea batatas-Ⅰ forage harvert+tubers, （4） Ipomoea batatas-3 forage harvests+tubers, （5） Phaseolus calcaratus, （6） Amaranthus hypochondriacus for intercroppingin niaize was invertigated in 1992, 1993 and 1994. These species except lpomoea batatas were broadcart sown botween 0.5m wide rows of maize. There were 3 rows ofmaize on eachplot. Maize wns sown in April and harvested in Angurt. Ipomoea batatas was planted in June, wnes were harverted from Angurt to October, and tubers were harvested in October. The other foragespecies were sown in early May and harvested in up to 4 consecutive cuts ffom June to September. Results. forage dry matter yield. The 3-ycar average yield of all forages was 2.14t/ha. The highest ytelding species was（4） Ipomoea batatas wlien vines were harvested 3 times=2.77t/ha, followed by（3） with vines harverted only once=2.66t/ha.. In addition 2.55t/ha tubers were obtained in（3）, and 2.8t/ha in（4）. Apparently, the more frequent removal of vines did not adversely affect the tuber yield. The ranking order of the

关键词： forage production forage species Intercropping Maize Soil condition.

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Improvement of Native Pasture Productivity through Introduction of Various Types of Palatable Species on Dry Lands in Timor

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2020年第1期10卷 30-33页

作者： Bernadete Barek Koten Redempta Wea Agustinus Semang Johanis Jermias Victor Lenda Department of Animal Husbandry Kupang State Agricultural PolytechnicHerman Yohanes StreetKupangEast Nusa TenggaraIndonesia

This research was aimed to evaluate the productivity of native pasture in Timor Island by introducing various palatable *** study was carried out on native pasture in Tuatuka,Timor Island for seven *** study was performed by using randomized block design(RBD)with eight treatments(S0:no introduction,S1:Cynodon dactilon,S2:Dicanthium aristatum,S3:***,S4:Brachiaria decumbens,S5:Desmanthus virgatus,S6:Macroptilium atropurpureum,S7:Clitoria ternatea)with four *** on this study include trial plots preparation,tillers preparation for each species,introduction of species in trial plots,maintenance and observation of the *** observed were forage production(fresh and dry matter(DM)in ton/ha),nutrient content(%)and stock capacity(animal unit(AU)/ha).Data were analyzed for variance based on RBD and followed by Duncan’s *** of variance showed that introduction of species had a very significant effect(pforage(2.1 t/ha)and DM production(0.69 t/ha).*** also had the highest DM content(43.61%),nitrogen free extract(52.52%)and stock capacity(1.06 AU/ha).The highest crude protein and crude fiber content were found in ***(4.31%and 36.62%).The highest extract ether was observed in ***(1.48%).No introduction had the lowest productivity,but demonstrated the highest ash *** introduction of palatable species increased the productivity of native pasture in Timor and *** was the best introduced species.

关键词： Species introduction legume Macroptilium atropurpureum native pasture in Timor forage production grass dry land

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