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Identifying priority protection areas of key food resources of the giant panda

动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 860-866页

作者： Ying-Jie Ma Meng Wang Xiao-Yu Hu Xiao-Dong Gu Yu-Mei Li Fu-Wen Wei Yong-Gang Nie Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830017China Sichuan Giant Panda National Park Administration ChengduSichuan 610081China Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China

Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage *** pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional ***,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully ***,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot *** also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire *** intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were *** these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food *** study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and *** also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many ***,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of ***,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai *** address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.

关键词： Giant panda forage quality Bamboo shoot harvesting Reproduction timing Conservation management

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QTL analysis of the developmental changes in cell wall components and forage digestibility in maize(Zea mays L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3501-3513页

作者： LI Kun YANG Xue LIU Xiao-gang HU Xiao-jiao WU Yu-jin WANG Qi MA Fei-qian LI Shu-qiang WANG Hong-wu LIU Zhi-fang HUANG Chang-ling Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding Beijing 10081P.R.China

Cell wall architecture plays a key role in stalk strength and forage ***,cellulose,and hemicellulose are the three main components of plant cell walls,and they can impact stalk quality by affecting the structure and strength of the cell *** explore cell wall development during secondary cell wall lignification in maize stalks,conventional and conditional genetic mapping were used to identify the dynamic quantitative trait loci(QTLs)of the cell wall components and digestibility traits during five growth stages after *** detergent lignin(ADL),cellulose(CEL),acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)were evaluated in a maize recombinant inbred line(RIL)***,CEL,ADF,and NDF gradually increased from 10 to 40 days after silking(DAS),and then they *** initially decreased until 40 DAS,and then it increased *** QTLs were identified for the five traits,and each accounted for 3.48–24.04%of the phenotypic *** QTL hotspots were found,and they were localized in the 1.08,2.04,2.07,7.03,8.05,and 9.03 bins of the maize *** the interval of the pleiotropic QTL identified in bin 1.08 of the maize genome,six genes associated with cell wall component biosynthesis were identified as potential candidate genes for stalk strength as well as cell wall-related *** addition,26 conditional QTLs were detected in the five stages for all of the investigated ***-two of the 26 conditional QTLs were found at 30 DAS conditioned using the values of 20 DAS,and at 50 DAS conditioned using the values of 40 *** results indicated that cell wall-related traits are regulated by many genes,which are specifically expressed at different stages after *** improvements in both forage digestibility and lodging resistance could be achieved by pyramiding multiple beneficial QTL alleles identified in this study.

关键词： quantitative trait loci maize(Zea mays L.) cell wall components forage quality

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Salinity and cultivar effects on alfalfa forage yield and nutritive value in a Mediterranean climate

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Grassland Research 2023年第3期2卷 153-166页

作者： Aaron W.Anderson Umair Gull Sharon E.Benes Simarjeet Singh Robert B.Hutmacher Edward Charles Brummer Daniel H.Putnam Department of Agricultural Foodand Environmental SciencesUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly Department of Agronomy Universityof AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Plant Science California State UniversityFresnoFresnoCaliforniaUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Background:Soil and water salinity are increasing problems worldwide,causing significantly reduced crop ***(Medicago sativa L.)is often listed as salt-sensitive,but field testing of improved cultivars is *** systems and improved high-quality alfalfa varieties are needed to enable crop production under high salinity(HS)***:The objective of this study was to measure the yield and quality response of alfalfa to high saline conditions in the field and to document the relative saline tolerance of its *** irrigation water(electrical conductivity of water,or ECw 8.0–11.0 dS m−1)was applied to 33 nondormant alfalfa cultivars and were compared with low salinity(LS)treatments(ECw 0.5–1.2 dS m−1)over 4 years in a Mediterranean environment on a clay loam soil utilizing a split-plot *** were harvested seven to eight times per year,and the forage quality was measured on selected harvests utilizing near-infrared ***:The average yield loss due to HS treatment was 23.9%compared with LS treatment,but yields averaged 23.4 Mg ha−1 under HS over the 3 full years of *** level of production is considered to be economically viable in this *** in salinity tolerance between lines were identified in the field;individual cultivars lost 5%–35%of their LS yield when grown under HS *** quality was significantly improved under HS versus LS conditions,but improvements were negatively correlated with biomass yield(R2>0.81),similar to responses observed in drought-stressed ***:These yield results confirm greenhouse studies,indicating that alfalfa is highly salt tolerant once established in the field,with potential for further improvement with tolerant *** tolerance should be chosen based on total biomass yield as well as on the salinity tolerance index(HS yield relative to LS yield).Agronomic practices to mitigate salinity and sodicity are critical,along with

关键词： abiotic stress cultivar forage quality Medicago sativa nutritional value salinity tolerance soil health stress tolerance

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A comparison of the nutritive value of perennial ryegrass,perennial ryegrass and white clover and multispecies-based farmlet systems

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Grassland Research 2023年第2期2卷 129-139页

作者： Shona Baker Mary B.Lynch Fionnuala Godwin Tommy M.Boland Alexander C.O.Evans Paul N.C.Murphy Alan K.Kelly Helen Sheridan11 UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfieldIreland Teagasc Environmental Research Centre Johnstown Castle Co.WexfordIreland UCD Earth Institute University College DublinBelfieldIreland

Background:Limited information is available regarding the nutritive value and structural characteristics of multispecies swards when rotationally ***:Three farmlet types were investigated in terms of their nutritive value:Lolium perenne(LP);***+Trifolium repens(LP+TR);and a multispecies sward containing grasses,legumes and herbs(MSS).Farmlets were stocked with beef steers(2.5 livestock units ha−1),grazed on a 1 ha scale to 6 cm(MSS)and 4 cm(LP and LP+TR)***:A greater ash concentration was found in MSS than LP(84 vs.75 g kg−1 DM).Both LP+TR and MSS had higher crude protein and lower neutral detergent fibre concentrations than *** relative ranking of water soluble carbohydrate and dry matter(DM)concentration was LP>LP+TR>*** the leaf component of the LP farmlet contributing more to herbage DM,the organic matter digestibilities of the swards were ***:The MSS and LP+TR farmlets achieved similar forage quality under intensive grazing to ***,it is worth noting that MSS had a higher concentration of acid detergent lignin,which can negatively impact *** investigation is needed to determine optimal grazing management practices that can minimise the effects of higher lignin concentration on digestibility in multispecies swards.

关键词： forage herbs forage quality grazing cattle legumes multispecies swards nitrogen sustainability

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Nutritive Value of Four Lucerne Cultivars Planted in Two Soil Types at Bathurst Research Station, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第10期13卷 1048-1056页

作者： Mhlangabezi Solontsi Mfundo Phakama Maqubela Johan Adam van Niekerk Jan Willem Swanepoel Gideon Jordaan Unathi Gulwa Sive Tokozwayo Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Dohne ADI Stutterheim South Africa Centre for Sustainable Agriculture University of Free State Bloemfontein South Africa Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Cradock Experimental Farm Cradock South Africa

Medicago sativa (lucerne) is a widely used perennial fodder crop and ranked amongst the highly nutritive fodders globally. This study assessed the nutritive value (i.e. CP % and TDN %) of four lucerne cultivars under two soil types at Bathurst Research Station. A random grid (quadrant) sampling method was used for sampling and samples were submitted to the laboratory for analysis to determine forage quality. Data collection was carried out by separating harvested biomass for each cultivar using clean packs, weighed and dried at 70˚C for 48 hours then crude protein (CP %) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN %) were determined. The results of the study showed that soil type (site) had a significant (P quality of dry matter produced. In soil 1 (S1) the overall CP % content was 11.48% while it was 19.03% in soil 2 (S2). Cultivar 3 (KKS 9911) was the least nutritive cultivar in site 1, while the same cultivar was the most nutritive cultivar in site 2 pertaining CP content. Soil type also significantly affected (P < 0.05) the overall total digestible nutrient (TDN %) content of different lucerne cultivars. In S1, C4 (WL 525) had the highest (P < 0.05) TDN content in comparison to the rest of the cultivars while in the same soil type C1 (SA Std.) had the least TDN content. The four tested lucerne cultivars generally produced highly nutritive lucerne in S2 while they produced less nutritive lucerne in relation to both CP and TDN content in S1.

关键词： forage quality Nutritive Value Fodder

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Nutritive Value and Silage Fermentation Characteristics of forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Genotypes and Lablab (Lablab purpureus L.) Mixture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 723-733页

作者： M. Rangappa Umesh Isaac Lepcha Sultan Begna Prasanna Gowda Sangu Angadi Agriculture Science Center Clovis New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA

This study was conducted to assess the fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum silage mixed with lablab at different proportions. The treatments consisted of a combination of two sorghum genotypes viz. “Brown midrib” and “Brachytic dwarf” genotype of lablab and six population proportions viz. 150:0, 112.5:37.5, 75:75, 37.5:112.5, 0:150 and 150:150 × 103 plants·ha-1 sorghum genotypes and lablab, respectively totalling to 12 numbers. Sorghum genotypes and lablab were grown as monocrop and in intercropping systems in the same field. forage sorghum was harvested at the late-dough stage and lablab at 20% bloom. They were cut and chopped together and ensiled. Lablab in the silage mixture was its actual contribution to the total forage mixture. For each mixture, a 1-L glass jar (mini-silo) was filled with 500 g of fresh material and replicated four times. forage in mini silos was fermented for 60 days at room temperature (25°C). Pre and post-silage dry samples were analysed for nutritive value and ensiled samples were analysed for fermentation characteristics. There was no significant difference in nutritive value between sorghum genotypes. The greatest impact of mixing lablab with sorghum genotypes was on crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but not on neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Across treatments, CP, ADF pH, lactic, and acetic acid concentrations increased as the proportion of LB was increased. The results indicated that lablab as an intercrop with sorghum for greater DM yield and forage and silage quality than respective monocrops.

关键词： Brown Midrib Brachytic Dwarf Ensilage forage quality Intercropping Lablab Silage

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Effects of Cutting Interval between Harvests on Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value in Alfalfa

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1226-1231页

作者： Doohong Min Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Understanding the relationship between dry matter yield and nutritive value throughout the growing season will help optimize the cutting intervals between harvests in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Ogallala Aquifer is a very important water source when growing alfalfa in Southwest Kansas and unfortunately, the water level of the Ogallala Aquifer is shrinking. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum cutting interval that optimizes dry matter yield and nutritive values of alfalfa. Alfalfa was harvested with different cutting intervals, i.e., every 28, 35, 42 and 49 day, which was equivalent of 5, 4, 4, and 3 cuttings per year, respectively in 2013 and 2014. Based on 2-yr total yield, by delaying alfalfa harvest by 21 days, i.e., from every 28th day to 49th day, alfalfa yield increased by 2.25 Mg/ha whereas by 5.58 Mg/ha by delaying cutting intervals from every 28th day to 42nd day. Although harvesting alfalfa every 42nd day had the same cutting frequency as the 35th day treatment (i.e., 4 cuttings per year), the treatment harvesting every 42nd day had significantly higher alfalfa yield than 35th day cutting interval. Alfalfa yield increased by approximately 20% by delaying one week for harvesting alfalfa from 35th to 42nd day interval, based on dry matter yields of 2013 and 2014. As cutting interval increased from every 28th to 49th day, crude protein (CP) content decreased. In contrast to CP, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber increased as the cutting interval and stage of maturity increased in 2013 and 2014. The results suggest that alfalfa producers in Southwest Kansas possibly could reduce the cutting frequency from 5 to 4 per year. Cutting interval of every 42nd day between harvests appears to be the optimum when considered a dry matter yield and nutritive values in alfalfa.

关键词： Alfalfa Cutting Interval Cutting Frequency Dry Matter Yield forage quality

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Summary of regional test of introduced high quality Agropyron varieties

Summary of regional test of introduced high quality Agropyro...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： Jia Nati~1,Guo xuanzheng~1,Li li~1,Cheng qiang~1,Li jie~2 1 Grass Industry Research Institute of Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang,Urumqi,830000 2 Sci.and Tech.Management and International Cooperation Department of Animal Science Academy of Xinjiang,Urumqi, 830000

＜正＞Materials and method Two cultivars of Agropyron cristatum cv.Tαγκγ????? and ???????????? and Agropyron mongolicum C"K were compared in an experiment located on Desert and Temperate Semi-Arid Steppe in Xinjiang with *** trail design was randomized with three *** plot area was *** was on 20April 2005,with a row space was *** experiments were in different ecological *** drought hardiness and physiological ecology were appraised. using a 1-5 score（5 = drought hardy;l = drought ***）.Salt and alkali resistivity was evaluated using 1.0,1.5,2.0 and 2.5%NaCl solution to germinate seeds.

关键词： varietyintroduclion forage quality perennial grasses regional test

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Performance of Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) in Pure Stands and Mixtures with Perennial Grasses in Saskatchewan, Canada

Performance of Kura Clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) in Pur...

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作者：盛莉东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) is a long-lived rhizomatous perennial legume introduced from the Caucasian region of Russia. Kura clover is very winter hardy and drought tolerant although it will go through the dormant during the moisture stress. Kura clover is slow to establish. The poor establishment and seedling vigor has been contributed to substantial allocation of energy resources to the root system. Kura clover yield is usually lower than that of alfalfa, red clover or birdsfoot trefoil during the earlier years of production, but this trend reverses later because kura clover maintains its plant stand better than the above-mentioned legumes. The initial lower yield and subsequent longevity have been attributed to the development of an extensive rhizome system. forage quality of kura clover is relatively high. However, it is suggested being used in mixtures with grasses due to the problem of bloat. Combing kura clover with grasses can dramatically reduce the concentration of NDF and ADF compared with grass monoculture thus improve the forage quality of the mixtures. In recent years, the livestock production is more and more important in agriculture. For the market requirement, farmers in Saskatchewan begin to pay attention to the forage cultivation. Kura clover, because of its persistent nature, cold and drought tolerance and high forage quality, may be an excellent species used in pastures of Saskatchewan. Some research work on kura clover-grass mixtures have been conducted in the United States, while there have been no kura clover studies conducted in the Province of Saskatchewan. Full-scale grassland ecology work with kura clover is new to Western Canada. To our knowledge this project may be the first study in the region with an ecological approach. The research objective is to evaluate the establishment, productivity and forage quality of two cultivars of kura clover in pure stands and mixtures with five perennial grasses, which

关键词： kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) cool season grass forage quality NDF ADF CP yield production

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