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Early exposure to food contaminants reshapes maturation of the human brain-gut-microbiota axis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3145-3169页

作者： Elodie Sarron Maxime Pérot Nicolas Barbezier Carine Delayre-Orthez Jérome Gay-Quéheillard Pauline M Anton Transformations and Agroressources(EA 7519) Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalleUniversitéd'ArtoisBeauvais 60026France Périnatalitéet risques Toxiques UMR-I-01Universitéde Picardie Jules VerneAmiens 80000France

Early childhood growth and development is conditioned by the consecutive events belonging to perinatal programming. This critical window of life will be very sensitive to any event altering programming of the main body functions.Programming of gut function, which is starting right after conception, relates to a very well-established series of cellular and molecular events associating all types of cells present in this organ, including neurons, endocrine and immune cells. At birth, this machinery continues to settle with the establishment of extra connection between enteric and other systemic systems and is partially under the control of gut microbiota activity, itself being under the densification and the diversification of microorganisms’ population. As thus, any environmental factor interfering on this pre-established program may have a strong incidence on body functions. For all these reasons, pregnant women, fetuses and infants will be particularly susceptible to environmental factors and especially food contaminants. In this review, we will summarize the actual understanding of the consequences of repeated low-level exposure to major food contaminants on gut homeostasis settlement and on brain/gut axis communication considering the pivotal role played by the gut microbiota during the fetal and postnatal stages and the presumed consequences of these food toxicants on the individuals especially in relation with the risks of developing later in life non-communicable chronic diseases.

关键词： Perinatal repeated low-level exposure Gut homeostasis Brain gut microbiota axis food contaminants Non-communicable chronic diseases Epigenetics

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