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Effect of fluid shear stress on the internalization of kidney-targeted delivery systems in renal tubular epithelial cells

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第4期10卷 680-692页

作者： Yingying Xu Shuo Qin Yining Niu Tao Gong Zhirong Zhang Yao Fu Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Precision Industrial TechnologyWest China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Renal tubular epithelial cells(RTECs)are important target cells for the development of kidney-targeted drug delivery *** physiological conditions,RTECs are under constant fluid shear stress(FSS)from original urine in the renal tubule and respond to changes of FSS by altering their morphology and receptor expression patterns,which may affect reabsorption and cellular *** a microfluidic system,controlled shear stress was applied to proximal tubule epithelial cell line ***,2-glucosamine,bovine serum albumin,and albumin nanoparticles were selected as representative carriers to perform cell uptake studies in HK-2 cells using the microfluidic platform system with controlled *** is proven to impact the morphology of HK-2 cells and upregulate the levels of megalin and clathrin,which then led to enhanced cellular uptake efficiencies of energy-driven carrier systems such as macromolecular and albumin nanoparticles in HK-2 *** further investigate the effects of FSS on endocytic behavior mediated by related receptors,a mice model of acute kidney injury with reduced fluid shear stress was *** with in vitro findings,in vivo studies have also shown reduced fluid shear stress down-regulated the levels of megalin receptors,thereby reducing the renal distribution of albumin nanoparticles.

关键词： fluid shear stress Kidney-targeted drug delivery HK-2 cells Acute kidney injury

Factors Controlling Deposition of Metallic Minerals in the Meng’entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from fluid Inclusions, Isotope Systematics, and Thermodynamic Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第2期31卷 271-286页

作者： He Yang Wanli Ma Rui Wang Xueli Ma Keyong Wang College of Earth Sciences Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China

The Meng’entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn vein-type deposit in Inner Mongolia,NE China is hosted in biotite/muscovite *** deposit includes the western(Zn-rich,deepest),middle(Zn-Pb rich)and eastern(Pb-Ag-rich,shallowest)*** better understand the metallogenic processes in ore district,we have undertaken a series of studies including fluid inclusion microthermometry,H-O-S-Pb isotope compositions and thermodynamic *** on fluid inclusion petrography,microthermometry results and HO isotope compositions,the ore-forming H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions are characterized by medium temperature and medium *** two kinds of fluid processes(boiling in western and middle ore-block and fluid mixing in the eastern ore-block)were identified to explain the ore fluid *** importantly,log ?O2-pH diagrams of δ^34S contours with the stability fields of Fe-and Cu-,Zn-,Pb-,and Ag-bearing minerals were constructed to restore the physicochemical conditions of ore-forming fluid in the western(270℃ and 80 bars),middle(250℃ and 70 bars),and eastern(230℃ and 50 bars)*** a result,the ore-forming conditions in the western and middle ore-block were *** the eastern ore-block,the fluids may have changed from acidic,S-poor and δ^34S(ΣS)≈2.8 to neutral,S-richer and δ^34S(ΣS)≈0.5,which imply that neutral S-rich meteoric water was mixed with the magmatic ***,the activity of Ag+was estimated to be about 10 ppm–9 ppm in the middle ore-block,but in the eastern ore-block it was about^10 ppm–12 *** proposed that the key for Ag ore deposition was likely to be neutralization led by fluid mixing.

关键词： fluid inclusions isotope systematics thermodynamic model Ag-Pb-Zn deposit Meng'entalegai NE China

Supercritical fluid Media in Challenges of Substance and Material Dispersion

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Journal of Thermal Science 2019年第3期28卷 519-546页

作者： KHAIRUTDINOV Vener GUMEROV Farid KHABRIEV Ilnar Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Kazan National Research Technological University

The paper deals with the problem of material dispersion using supercritical fluid media. At the same time, emphasis is made on modifications(SAS, GAS, SEDS and ASES) of the supercritical fluid anti-solvent method of dispersion. The results of SAS method implementation for dispersion of pure polycarbonate and polycarbonate doped with "CdSe/CdS-core/shell" quantum dots(carried out in the pressure range of 8.0-25.0 MPa at temperatures of 313.15 K and 358.15 K) are submitted. The range of the operating parameters has been established through the example of pure polycarbonate dispersion, which provides the production of nanoparticles with the size range of 10-100 nm. Encapsulation of Cd Se/Cd S quantum dots into polycarbonate using the SAS method has no effect on optical properties of the encapsulated quantum dots. The results of paracetamol dispersion using the SEDS method are presented. The effect of operating conditions of the paracetamol dispersion process on morphology of the obtained product is described. Co-dispersion of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers and low-density polyethylene mixtures by SEDS method has been carried out under pressures of 8.0-25.0 MPa at temperatures of 313 K, 323 K, and 333 K. The comparison of melting and crystallization between the resulting copolymer mixtures and mixtures with the same composition obtained by mixing in the liquid melt, has shown that implementation of SEDS results in an increase of crystallinity degree of the polymer mixtures.

关键词： supercritical fluid media supercritical fluid anti-solvent method dispersion polycarbonate paracetamol ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers

In situ Raman spectroscopic quantification of CH4–CO2 mixture: application to fluid inclusions hosted in quartz veins from the Longmaxi Formation shales in Sichuan Basin, southwestern China

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Petroleum Science 2020年第1期17卷 23-35页

作者： Ye Qiu Xiao-Lin Wang Xian Liu Jian Cao Yi-Feng Liu Bin-Bin Xi Wan-Lu Gao School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Ocean College Zhejiang UniversityZhoushan 316021ZhejiangChina Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology SINOPECWuxi 214151JiangsuChina

We re-evaluate the Raman spectroscopic quantification of the molar ratio and pressure for CH4–CO2 ***,the Raman quantification factors of CH4 and CO2 increase with rising pressure at room temperature,indicating that Raman quantification of CH4/CO2 molar ratio can be applied to those fluid inclusions(FIs)with high internal pressure(i.e.,>15 MPa).Secondly,the v1(CH4)peak position shifts to lower wavenumber with increasing pressure at constant temperature,confirming that the v1(CH4)peak position can be used to calculate the fluid ***,this method should be carefully calibrated before applying to FI analyses because large discrepancies exist among the reported v1(CH4)-P curves,especially in the highpressure *** calibrations are applied to CH4-rich FIs in quartz veins of the Silurian Longmaxi black shales in southern Sichuan *** vapor phases of these FIs are mainly composed of CH4 and minor CO2,with CO2 molar fractions from4.4%to 7.4%.The pressure of single-phase gas FI ranges from 103.65 to 128.35 MPa at room temperature,which is higher than previously *** calculations supported the presence of extremely high-pressure CH4-saturated fluid(218.03–256.82 MPa at 200°C),which may be responsible for the expulsion of CH4 to adjacent reservoirs.

关键词： Raman spectroscopy Molar ratio fluid pressure CO2–CH4 mixture fluid inclusion Paleo-overpressure

Ore-forming mechanism for the Xiaoxinancha Au-rich Cu deposit in Yanbian,Jilin Province,China:Evidence from noble gas isotope geochemistry of fluid inclusions in minerals

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第2期51卷 216-228页

作者： KEISUKE Nagao HIROCHIKA Sumino Laboratory for Earthquake Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo 7-3-1 Japan

The Xiaoxinancha Au-rich copper deposit is one of important Au-Cu deposits along the continental margin in Eastern China. The deposit consists of two sections: the Beishan mine (North), composed of altered rocks with veinlet-dissemination sulfides and melnicovite-dominated sulfide-quartz veins, and the Nanshan mine (South), composed of pyrrhotite-dominated sulfide-quartz veins and pure sulfide veins. The isotope compositions of noble gases extracted from fluid inclusions in ore minerals, i.e. ratios of 3He/4He, 20Ne/22Ne and40Ar/36Ar are in the ranges of 4.45―0.08 Ra, 10.2―8.8 and 306―430, respectively. fluid inclusions in minerals from the Nanshan mine have higher 3He/4He and 20Ne/22Ne ratios whereas those from the Beishan mine have lower 3He/4He ratios. The analysis of origin, and evolution of the ore fluids and its relations with the ore-forming stages and the ages of mineralization suggests that the initial hydrothermal fluids probably come from the melts generated by partial melting of oceanic crust with the participation of fluids from the mantle (mantle-plume type)/aesthenosphere. This also corresponds to the continental margin settings during the subduction of Izanagi ocaneic plate towards the palaeo-Asian continent (123―102 Ma). The veinlet-dissemination ore bodies of the Beishan mine were formed through replacement and crystallization of the mixed fluids generated by mixing of the ascending high-temperature boiling fluid with young crustal fluid whereas the melnicovite-dominated sulfide-quartz veins were formed subsequently by filling of the high-temperature ore fluid in fissures. Pyrrhotite-dominated sulfide-quartz veins in the Nanshan mine were formed by filling-deposition-crystallization of the moderate-temperature ore fluids and the pure sulfide veins were formed later by filling-deposition-crystallization of ore substance-rich fluids after boiling of the moderate-temperature ore fluids. The metallogenic dynamic processes can be summarized as: (1) form

关键词： Au-rich Cu deposit fluid inclusion He-Ne-Ar isotopes ore-forming mechanism Xiaoxinancha Yanbian

Experimental study of thermocapillary convection on a liquid bridge consisting of fluid with low Prandtl number in a floating half-zone

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 1997年第1期40卷 97-104页

作者：孙祉伟韩金虎戴乐蓉解京昌胡文瑞 General Establishment of Space Science and Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Department of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China

A device of mercury liquid bridge of floating half-zone is designed to experimentally explore thermo-capillary convection and its instability of a low Prandtl number liquid. Noncontacted diagnostic techniques were developed to monitor surface flow and surface deformation. The surface flow and the influence of a growing surface film (or skin) on the flow were observed It is shown that the film is a key factor in changing the behavior associated with the thermocapillary convection. The experiment indicates that the critical Marangoni number should be much higher than that expected by the numerical simulation. The condition and process of surface film growth are discussed. The surface oscillation of the mercury bridge wrapped with "dirt-film" was observed, and the characteristics and the frequency associated with this oscillation are given.

关键词： liquid bridge low Prandtl fluid microgravity thermocapillary convection.

Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit, Lesser Xing’an Range:Evidence from fluid inclusions,H-O-S-Pb isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1961-1980页

作者： Yang Liu Jinggui Sun Jilong Han Liang Ren Alei Gu Keqiang Zhao Changshen Wang College of Earth Science Jilin UniversityChangchun 130061China Tianjin Center of Geological Survey China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Geophysical and Geochemical Prospecting Academy Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesLangfang 065000China Team 707 Heilongjiang Bureau of Geological Exploration for Nonferrous MetalsSuihua 152000China

Epithermal gold deposits are typical precious metal deposits related to volcanic and subvolcanic *** to the lack of direct geological and petrographic evidences,the origin of the ore-forming fluid is deduced from the spatial diagenesis-mineralization relationship,chronological data,physicochemical characteristics of mineral fluid inclusions,mineral or rock elements and isotopic geochemical *** objectively examining this scientific problem via a geological field survey and petrographic analysis of the Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit,we recently discovered and verified the following points:(1) Pyrite-bearing spherical quartz aggregates (PSQA) occur in the rhyolitic porphyry;(2) the mineralization is structurally dominated by WNW- and ENE-trending systems and occurs mostly in hydrothermal breccias and pyrite-quartz veins,and the ore types are mainly hematite-crusted quartz,hydrothermal breccia,massive pyrite-quartz,etc.;(3) the alteration types consist of prevalent silicification,sericitization,propylitization and carbonation,with local adularization and *** ore minerals are mainly pyrite,primary hematite,native gold,and electrum,with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite,magnetite,sphalerite,and galena,indicating a characteristic epithermal low-sulfidation *** ore-forming fluid may have been primarily derived from magmatic fluid exsolved from a crystallizing rhyolitic porphyry *** zircon U-Pb geochronology,fluid inclusion,physicochemical and isotopic geochemical analyses revealed that (1) rhyolitic porphyry magmatism occurred at 104.6 ± 1.0 Ma,whereas the crystallization of the PSQA occurred at 100.8 ± 2.1 Ma;(2) the hydrothermal fluid of the pre-ore stage was an exsolved CO2-bearing H2O-NaCl magmatic fluid that produced inclusions mainly composed of pure vapor (PV),vapor-rich (WV) and liquid-rich (WL) inclusions with a small number of melt-(M) and solid-bearing (S) inclusions;mineralization-stage quartz contains WL

关键词： fluid inclusions H-O-S-Pb isotopes Zircon U-Pb dating Gaosongshan gold deposit Lesser Xing'an Range Northeast China

Structure of Solution of Colloid and Hydrogen Bonding fluid Near a Semipermeable Membrane

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2017年第2期33卷 248-254页

作者： ZHAO Meng CHEN Hanfei GU Fang WANG Haijun College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis Ministry of Education Hebei University Baoding 071002 P. R. China

The local fluid structure of a solution consisting of colloid particles and hydrogen bonding（HB） fluid se-parated from pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane was investigated, where the colloid particles and HB fluidserve as solute and solvent, respectively. In this paper, the semipermeable membrane allows the passage of solventmolecules but not solute particles, and therefore, it provides a nano-confinement for colloid particles. The densityprofiles of the two species near the semipermeable membrane were determined via density functional theory（DFT）for classical fluids. Based on the predicted density profiles under various conditions, the effects of HB strength, func-tionality, total bulk density, density fraction and the size ratio of two species on the fluid structure were discussed. Asan application, the osmotic pressures of the system were also presented. It is shown that the local structure andosmotic pressure can be efficiently regulated by these factors due to the competition between the excluded volumeinteractions and the FIB interaction. The present results are expected to be helpful to study the osmotic phenomenaand relevant problems on the nanoscale.

关键词： Hydrogen bonding fluid Semipermeable membrane Osmotic pressure Density functional theory

Thermally Radiative Viscous fluid Flow Over Curved Moving Surface in Darcy-Forchheimer Porous Space

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第3期71卷 259-266页

作者： A.Rauf Z.Abbas S.A.Shehzad T.Mushtaq Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Mathematics COMSATS University Islamabad

A numerical analysis is developed for incompressible hydromagnetic viscous fluid passed through a curved stretching surface. fluid saturated by porous space is bounded by curved surface. Term of porous medium is characterized by implementation of Darcy-Forchheimer theory. Adequate similarity variables are implemented to develop a system of non-linear ordinary differential system of equations, which govern the flow behavior. The impact of radiation constraint and Eckert number is incorporated in the energy equation. Numerical scheme based on RKF45 technique is implemented to solve the derived flow model. Prescribed heat flux(PHF) and prescribed surface temperature(PST) boundary conditions are utilized on temperature with Prescribed Surface Concentration(PSC) and Prescribed Mass Flux(PMF)on concentration. Flow behavior is discussed for both the slip and no-slip conditions. Dimensionless physical quantities are presented through graphs and tables.

关键词： viscous fluid porous medium curved stretching sheet radiation Joule heating