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Retention of trace elements in coal-fired Flue gas by a novel heterogeneous agglomeration technology

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 234-243页

作者： Yushan Ji Xiangzheng Cui Jingchao Liu Tianle Zhang Shuzhou Wei Junfeng Zhang Yongchun Zhao Junying Zhang State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion School of Energy and Power EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China National Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Center for Trace Elements Pollution Control and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal Wuhan 430074China Sanhe Power Generation Co.Ltd Sanhe 065201China Hebei Coal-fired Power Station Pollution Control Technology Innovation Center Sanhe 065201China

Heterogeneous agglomeration (HA) is a very potential technology for coal-fired Flue gas treatment.In this paper,the distribution and migration mechanisms of trace elements (TEs such as Se,As and Pb in CFPPs were studied on a 30,000 m^(3)/hr pilot-scale experimental plat form.The influences of HA on the removal efficiency of gaseous and particulate TEs were well analyzed.The results showed that Se,As and Pb were enriched in fly ash,and their sen sitivity to particle size is quite different.The content of Se was the highest in PM1,reaching193.04 mg/kg at the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) outlet.The average particle size of the total dust before ESP increased significantly from 21.686 to 62.612μm after injecting the heterogeneous agglomeration adsorbent,conducive to its further removal by ESP.In addi tion,the concentrations of gaseous Se,As and Pb in the Flue gas decreased after adsorben spray,and accordingly,their contents in the hierarchical particles increased,indicating tha the adsorbent could effectively promote the adsorption of gaseous trace elements in fly ash and reduce the possibility of their escape to the atmosphere.Total concentrations of Se,As and Pb emitted by wet Flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) are 0.223,0.668 and 0.076μg/m^(3)which decreased by 59.98%,47.69%and 90.71%,respectively.Finally,a possible HA mecha nism model was proposed,where chemical adsorption,physical condensation and collision agglomeration of gaseous TEs and fine particles with adsorbent droplets occurred to form larger agglomerates.

关键词： Heterogeneous agglomeration Hazardous trace elements Particulate matter Flue gas Pilot experiments

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Progress of gaseous arsenic removal from Flue gas by adsorption:Experimental and theoretical calculations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 470-485页

作者： Xuelei Yan Qingzhu Li Xiaowei Huang Bensheng Li Shengtu Li Qingwei Wang School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

Because of its high mobility and difficult capture,gaseous arsenic pollution control has become the focus of arsenic pollution control.It mainly exists in the form of highly toxic As_(2)O_(3)in the Flue gas.Therefore,removing gaseous As_(2)O_(3)from Flue gas is of great practical significance for arsenic pollution control.Stabilizing gaseous As_(2)O_(3)on the surface of adsorbents by physical or chemical adsorption is an effective way to reduce the content of arsenic in the Flue gas and alleviate arsenic pollution.Over the past few decades,various adsorbents have been developed to capture gaseous As_(2)O_(3)in the Flue gas,and their adsorption mechanisms have been studied in detail.Thus,it is necessary to review the strategies of arsenic removal from Flue gas by adsorption,which can inspire further research.Based on summarizing the morphological distribution of gaseous As_(2)O_(3)in the Flue gas,this review further summarizes the removal of gaseous As_(2)O_(3)by several adsorbents and the effect of temperature and the main components of the Flue gas on arsenic adsorption.In addition,the mechanism of arsenic removal based on adsorption in the Flue gas is discussed in depth through theoretical calculations,which is the particular focus of this review.Finally,prospects based on the present research state of arsenic removal by adsorption are proposed to provide ideas for developing effective and stable adsorbents for arsenic removal from Flue gas.

关键词： gaseous arsenic Flue gas Adsorption Theoretical calculation Mechanism

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Experimental Investigation on Solution Regeneration Performance and Coefficients in Full-Open System for Heat and Water Recovery of Flue gas

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 1094-1108页

作者： WEI Hongyang HUANG Shifang MA Yuxin CHEN Bo SUN Li ZHANG Xiaosong School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China MOE Engineering Research Center for Building Energy Equipment&Environment Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China Jiangsu Frontier Electric Technology Co. LtdNanjing211106China

The recovery of heat and water from low-grade Flue gas is of considerable importance for energy conservation and environmental preservation.While the full-open absorption heat pump shows promise as a means of achieving heat and water recovery,the lack of research on heat and mass transfer performance of open-type solution evaporation regeneration represents a significant impediment to its design and operation.This paper experimentally investigates the regeneration performance of an open-type spaying tower equipped with ceramic structured packings.Two different regeneration modes are proposed,namely ambient air receiver mode and Flue gas receiver mode,to utilize air or low-grade Flue gas as a driving source.The impact of different input parameters on the regeneration characteristics,including heat transfer capacity,water removal rate,thermal efficiency,and humidity effectiveness,are demonstrated.The findings indicate that the enhancement of regeneration can be achieved through the increase of solution flow rate,solution temperature,and Flue gas flow rate in both regeneration modes.However,high solution concentration and Flue gas humidity ratio can weaken water removal rates and reduce thermal efficiency.For the regeneration of CaCl_(2)-H_(2)O with a concentration of55%,Flue gas around 200℃with a humidity ratio below 44 g/kg can successfully drive the solution regeneration process.When the solution concentration or Flue gas humidity ratio continues to rise,additional energy is necessary for regeneration.Furthermore,the coupled heat and mass transfer coefficients are fitted,which can contribute to the design and optimization of the open-type regenerator.

关键词： heat and water recovery solution regeneration Flue gas regeneration performance coefficient

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Advances in the treatment of multi-pollutant Flue gas in China's building materials industry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 400-416页

作者： Shangchao Xiong Jianjun Chen Hao Liu Wenzhe Si Yue Peng Xuecheng Wu Huan Liu Junhua Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization School of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

In most of the world’s building material industries,the control of Flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant.However,given the large capacity and high contribution of China’s building materials industry to global air pollution,the need to develop multipollutant emission reduction technology is urgent.Recently,China has focused on reducing the emissions of Flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry,established many key research and development projects,and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits.This project focuses on the most recent advances in Flue gas emission control technology in China’s building materials industry,including denitration,dust removal,desulfurization,synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction,and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries.On this basis,revised pollutant limits in Flue gas emitted in China’s building material industry are proposed.

关键词： Building materials industry Multi pollutants Emission control Flue gas Demonstration project

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Multiobjective economic model predictive control using utopia-tracking for the wet Flue gas desulphurization system

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期54卷 343-352页

作者： Shan Liu Wenqi Zhong Xi Chen Li Sun Lukuan Yang Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

Efficient control of the desulphurization system is challenging in maximizing the economic objective while reducing the SO_(2) emission concentration. The conventional optimization method is generally based on a hierarchical structure in which the upper optimization layer calculates the steady-state results and the lower control layer is responsible to drive the process to the target point. However, the conventional hierarchical structure does not take the economic performance of the dynamic tracking process into account. To this end, multi-objective economic model predictive control(MOEMPC) is introduced in this paper, which unifies the optimization and control layers in a single stage. The objective functions are formulated in terms of a dynamic horizon and to balance the stability and economic performance. In the MOEMPC scheme, economic performance and SO_(2) emission performance are guaranteed by tracking a set of utopia points during dynamic transitions. The terminal penalty function and stabilizing constraint conditions are designed to ensure the stability of the system. Finally, an optimized control method for the stable operation of the complex desulfurization system has been established. Simulation results demonstrate that MOEMPC is superior over another control strategy in terms of economic performance and emission reduction, especially when the desulphurization system suffers from frequent Flue gas disturbances.

关键词： Desulphurization system Economics Economic model predictive control Flue gas Optimization Utopia point

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Experimental Study of the Removal of Fine Particulate Matter and Moisture from Flue gas

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第6期32卷 2273-2283页

作者： ZHENG Xin LU Yuan WANG Bo ZHAO Lifeng CAS Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy and Power Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Liquid desiccant systems are promising methods to recover water and waste heat simultaneously from Flue gas.Prior research found that the reduction of particulate matter could occur during the absorption processes.In the present paper,experiments were carried out to explore the effect of removing fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in a liquid desiccant dehumidifier.Aqueous calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))was used as the desiccant in the experiments.The discrepancies in mass and energy conservation were within±10%and±15%,respectively,which showed the good reliability of the experimental results.Additionally,23.5%–46.0%of the PM_(2.5)and 23.9%–45.1%of the moisture in the Flue gas were removed.By comparing the desiccant solution and water,it was found that they could minimally remove PM_(2.5)through washing the Flue gas.Regardless of whether the Flue gas was dehumidified by water or the solution,the removal fractions of PM_(2.5)of these two methods could be very close if they achieve the same fraction of moisture removal.From the results of a parameter analysis,it was found that the removal fraction of PM_(2.5)was nearly proportional to the removal fraction of moisture within the experimental range.

关键词： Flue gas fine particulate matter removal dehumidification

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Oxidation Behaviors of Different Grades of Ferritic Heat Resistant Steels in High-Temperature Steam and Flue gas Environments

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第7期35卷 1103-1116页

作者： Xiaogang Li Qu Liu Shanlin Li Yu Zhang Zhipeng Cai Kejian Li Jiluan Pan Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of EducationBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

For steam tubes used in thermal power plant,the inner and outer walls were operated in high-temperature steam and Flue gas environments respectively.In this study,structure,microstructure and chemical composition of oxide films on inner and outer walls of exservice low Cr ferritic steel G102 tube and exservice high Cr ferritic steel T91 tube were analyzed.The oxide film was composed of outer oxide layer,inner oxide layer and internal oxidation zone.The outer oxide layer on the original surface of tube had a porous structure containing Fe oxides formed by diffusion and oxidation of Fe.More specially,the outer oxide layer formed in Flue gas environment would mix with coal combustion products during the growth process.The inner oxide layer below the original surface of tube was made of Fe–Cr spinel.The internal oxidation zone was believed to be the precursor stage of inner oxide layer.The formation of internal oxidation zone was due to O diffusing along grain boundaries to form oxide.There were Fe–Cr–Si oxides discontinuously distributed along grain boundaries in the internal oxidation zone of G102,while there were Fe–Cr oxides continuously distributed along grain boundaries in that of T91.

关键词： Ferritic heat resistant steels High temperature service Oxide layer Steam Flue gas Oxidation evolution

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Modelling and thermodynamic properties of pure CO_(2)and fue gas sorption data on South African coals using Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin,and extended Langmuir isotherm models

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第3期9卷 136-150页

作者： Major Mabuza Kasturie Premlall Michael O.Daramola Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyVaal University of TechnologyP.O.Box 3595Secunda 2302South Africa Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentTshwane University of TechnologyPrivate Bag X680Pretoria 0001South Africa Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringBuilt Environment and Information TechnologyUniversity of PretoriaHatfeldPretoria 0028South Africa

Carbon sequestration in unmineable coal seams has been proposed as one of the most attractive technologies to mitigate carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions in which CO_(2)is stored in the microporous structure of the coal matrix in an adsorbed state.The CO_(2)adsorption process is hence considered one of the more efective methodologies in environmental sciences.Thus,adsorption isotherm measurements and modelling are key important scientifc measures required in understanding the adsorption system,mechanism,and process optimization in coalbeds.In this paper,three renowned and reliable adsorption isotherm models were employed including Langmuir,Freundlich,and Temkin for pure CO_(2)adsorption data,and the extended-Langmuir model for multicomponent,such as fue gas mixture-adsorption data as investigated in this research work.Also,signifcant thermodynamics properties including the standard enthalpy change(ΔH°),entropy change(ΔS°),and Gibbs free energy(ΔG°)were assessed using the van’t Hof equation.The statistical evaluation of the goodness-of-ft was done using three(3)statistical data analysis methods including correlation coefcient(R^(2)),standard deviation(σ),and standard error(SE).The Langmuir isotherm model accurately represent the pure CO_(2)adsorption on the coals than Freundlich and Temkin.The extended Langmuir gives best experimental data ft for the fue gas.The thermodynamic evaluations revealed that CO_(2)adsorption on the South African coals is feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic;and the adsorption mechanism is a combined physical and chemical interaction between the adsorbate and the adsorbent.

关键词： Global warming Flue gas Adsorption Unmineable coal Adsorption models

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Non-3d metal modulated zinc imidazolate frameworks for CO_(2) cycloaddition in simulated Flue gas under ambient condition

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第7期34卷 390-393页

作者： Yan-Tong Xu Zi-Ming Ye De-Xuan Liu Xiao-Yun Tian Dong-Dong Zhou Chun-Ting He Xiao-Ming Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China MOE Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang330022China

Cycloaddition of CO_(2) and epoxide into cyclic carbonate is one of the most efficient ways for CO_(2) conversion with 100% atom-utilization. Metal–organic frameworks are a kind of potential heterogeneous catalysts, however, high temperature, high pressure, and high-purity CO_(2) are still required for the reaction.Here, we report two new Zn(Ⅱ) imidazolate frameworks incoporating MoO_(4)^(2–)or WO_(4)^(2–)units, which can catalyse cycloaddition of CO_(2) and epichlorohydrin at room temperature and atomospheric pressure, giving 95% yield after 24 h in pure CO_(2) and 98% yield after 48 h in simulated Flue gas(15% CO_(2)+ 85% N_(2)),respectively. For comparison, the analogic Zn(Ⅱ) imidazolate framework MAF-6 without non-3d metal oxide units showed 71% and 33% yields under the same conditions, respectively. The insightful modulation mechanisms of the MoO_(4)^(2–)unit in optimizing the electronic structure of Zn(Ⅱ) centre, facilitating the rate-determined ring opening process, and minimizing the reaction activation energy, were revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption and computational calculations.

关键词： Non-3d metal modulation Metal-organic framework CO_(2)fixation Flue gas Cycloaddition reaction

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Flue gas Water Recovery by Indirect Cooling Technology for Large-Scale Applications: A Review

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第5期29卷 1223-1241页

作者： ZHONG Wei JI Wenhui CAO Xiaoling YUAN Yanping School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

With social development and economic enhancement,energy is facing significant worldwide demand,and fossil fuels are the prime energy sources for various energy systems over past decades.Furthermore,among fuel-consumed applications,power plants are the primary source of energy consumption.There is a lot of waste heat and steam accompanied by the latent heat produced in the exhaust Flue gas.Therefore,the latent heat recovery from the Flue gas plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of the system and saving water.To recover the heat and mass in power plants,three primary methods are proposed to condense the vapor based on previous studies:(1)Flue gas condensation technology,(2)liquid desiccant-based dehydration(LDD)technology and(3)membrane technology.This paper mainly reviews and summaries the indirect cooling technology in Flue gas condensation technology.The numerical simulation and theory of Flue gas condensation are introduced.Different heat exchanger types and conducted experiments are also summarized.The performance of the indirect cooling technology is affected not only by its own configuration and design but also by the Flue gas inlet temperature,velocity,water vapor mass fraction,etc.The major concerns and outlook of practical applications for further study are attributed to the heat exchanger size and cost,acid corrosion,ash accumulation in Flue gas,etc.

关键词： Flue gas condensation water recovery heat exchanger power plants

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