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Changes in Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of floral organ Development in a Soybean Cytoplasmic-nuclear Male Sterile Line

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2022年第1期11卷 5-11,18页

作者： Tianyu CUI Xia CAO Zhigang LI Jiayao SUN Peng LIU Pengnian WANG College of Agriculture Inner Mongolia Minzu UniversityTongliao 028000China Soybean Research Institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130000China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 B as experimental materials,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,starch content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline content in flower buds,alabastrums and mature flowers were determined,and the contents and changes of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),isopentenyl adenosine(iPA)and abscisic acid(ABA)at the three stages were analyzed.[Results]The activity of SOD and CAT and the contents of MDA and free proline in the sterile line at the flower bud stage were lower than those of the maintainer line,but the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and their values were higher than those of the maintainer line;the POD activity of the sterile line was significantly lower than that of the maintainer line at the flower bud stage,and the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and its values were higher than those of the maintainer line;and the starch content and soluble sugar content of sterile line 9 A showed an overall upward trend,and were significantly lower than those of the maintainer line 9 B at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage.During the whole development process of floral organs,the content of IAA in sterile line 9 A showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the content of iPA increased gradually.The contents of hormones in the sterile line were lower than those in the maintainer line.The ratios of IAA/ABA,IAA/GA3,IAA/iPA and ABA/GA3 in the sterile line were significantly different from those in the maintainer line.It is inferred that the abnormal physiological characteristics of floral organ development are related to the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility of soybean.The alabastrum stage may be a critical period for the occurrence of

关键词： Soybean Cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility floral organ Physiological and biochemical characteristic

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Plant fertility defects induced by the enhanced expression of microRNA167

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Cell Research 2006年第5期16卷 457-465页

作者： Peng Ru~1 Lin Xu~1 Hong Ma~(2,3) Hai Huang~(1,2) ~1National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences,300 Fenglin Road,Shanghai 200032,China ~2SIBS-SJTU-PSU Joint Center for Life Sciences,Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecologgy,Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences,300 Fenglin Road,Shanghai 200032,China ~3Department of Biology and the Huck Institute for the Life Sciences,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,PA 16802,USA National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Shanghai China SIBS-SJTU-PSU Joint Center for Life Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Shanghai China Department of Biology and the Huck Institute for the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

The plant hormone auxin plays a critical role in regulating plant growth and development.Recent advances havebeen made in the understanding of auxin response pathways,primarily by the characterization of auxin response mu-tants in Arabidopsis.In addition,microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be critical regulators of genes importantfor normal plant development and physiology.However,little is known about possible interactions between miRNAsand hormonal signaling during norlnal development.Here we show that an Arabidopsis microRNA,miR167,whichhas a complementary sequence to a portion of the A UXIN RESPONSE FACTOR6 (ARF6) and ARF8 mRNAs,can causetranscript degradation for ARFS,but not for ARF6.We report phenotypic characterizations of35S::MIR167b transgeniclines,and show that severe 35S::MIR167b transgenic lines had phenotypes similar to those of an arf6 arf8 double mutant.The transgenic phenotypes suggest that miR167 may repress ARF6 at the level of translation.We demonstrate that thetransgenic plants are defective in all four whorls of floral organs.In the transgenic flowers,filaments were abnormallyshort,anthers could not properly release pollen,and pollen grains did not germinate.Our results provide an importantlink between the miRNA-mediated regulatory pathway of gene expression and the auxin signaling network promotingplant reproductive development.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin response factor microRNA167 floral organ pollen germination

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K-Domain Splicing Factor OsMADS1 Regulates Open Hull Male Sterility in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第5期22卷 207-216页

作者： SUN Lian-ping ZHANG Ying-xin ZHANG Pei-pei YANG Zheng-fu ZHAN Xiao-deng SHEN Xi-hong ZHANG Zhen-hua HU Xia XUAN Dan-dan WU Wei-xun LI Zi-he CAO Li-yong CHENG Shi-hua National Center for Rice Improvement / Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research China National Rice Research Institute College of Agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University

We identified the rice floral organ development mutant, termed as open hull and male sterile 1 （ohms1）, from the progeny of the indica restorer line Zhonghui 8015 treated with 60Co γ-ray irradiation. The ohms1 mutant exhibited an open hull and lemma- and palea-like structure conversion between the anthers and stigma, which resulted in the ohms1 mutant spikelet showing‘tridentate lemma＇. The ohms1 mutant was entirely sterile but had 60%-70% fertile pollen. Genetic analysis and gene mapping showed that ohms1 was controlled by a single recessive gene, and the mutant gene was fine-mapped to a 42-kb interval on the short arm of chromosome 3 between markers KY2 and KY29. Sequence analysis of the four open reading frames in this region revealed that the mutant carried a single nucleotide transformation （A to G） at the last base of the fifth intron, which was likely corresponded to ohms1 phynotype, in an MIKC type MADS-box gene OsMADS1 （LOC_Os03g11614）. Enzyme digestion and cDNA sequencing further indicated that the variable splicing was responsible for the deletion of the sixth exon in ohms1, but no structural changes in the MADS domain or amino acid frame shifts appeared. Additionally, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis showed that the OsMADS1 expression level decreased significantly in the ohms1 mutant. The expression levels of rice flowering factors and floral glume development-related genes also changed significantly. These results demonstrate that OsMADS1 may play an important role in rice floral organ development, particularly in floral glume development and floret primordium differentiation.

关键词： rice open hull male sterile ohms1 gene mapping alternative splicing floral organ

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Study on floral and Pollen Characters of Tetraploid Rice

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第10期8卷 1149-1158页

作者： LIU Jian-xin CHEN Jian-guo CHEN Dong-ling SONG Zhao-jian DAI Bing-cheng CAI De-tian College of Life Sciences Hubei University Wuhan 430062 P.R.China Cotton and Fibre Research Institute of Xiaoshan Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 311202 P.R. China

Polyploidization is the evolution trend of many crops, and the yield increased obviously after polyploidization. The polyploidization of rice often brings ＂gigas＂ of both vegetative organs and seeds. Howevere, in rice breeding, it is required for restoring lines to have not only big anthers but also abundant pollens. People often doubt that the enlargement of the floral organ may just be enlargement of cell size in polyploid rice. So, it is of significance to study characteristics of floral organs and pollens of several tetraploid rice varieties or lines. floral organ and pollen characteristics of Sg99012 and HN2026 were studied comparatively by stages and different ploidy levels, with the materials 9311, HD9802S, and PA64S as the control. The results showed that chromosome doubling had much more influence on floral characteristics of every lines than seeding by stages, and the tetraploids of every lines displayed ＂gigas＂. In correlation analysis, spikelet length, spikelet width, and anther length had significant correlation; spikelet width and anther width had significant correlation, too. Both seeding by stages and chromosome doubling made the correlations of characters between every floral organ changed to some extent. Seeding by stages had little effect on pollen diameter and fertility of HN2026-4X and Sg99012-4X. But chromosome doubling increased pollen size of every lines remarkably, and also increased the pollen quantity of PMeS （polyploid meiosis stability） restoring line HN2026-4X and gene map restoring line 9311-4X remarkably, whereas only had little effect on that of sterile lines. Moreover, chromosome doubling changed pollen fertility and made the number of fertility pollen of 9311 reduced significantly, but the pollen fertility of HN2026 （PMeS restoring line） and PA64S （sterile line） almost had no change after chromosome doubling. The results showed that tetraploid restoring lines had advantage of abundant and big size pollens, and tetraploid sterile lines had the characters of big size pollens, few

关键词： polyploid rice floral organ pollen significance testing correlation analysis

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Genetic Analysis of Streaked and Abnormal Floret Mutant st-fon

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Rice science 2013年第4期20卷 267-275页

作者： CHEN De-xi LI Ting QU Guang-lin HUANG Wen-juan HE Zhong-quan LI Shi-gui Institute of Plant Protection Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Rice Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University

A double mutant with streaked leaf and abnormal floret was found and temporarily named streaked leaf and floral organ number mutant （st-fon）. For this mutant, besides white streak appeared on culm, leaves and panicles, the number of floral organs increased and florets cracked. The extreme phenotype was that several small florets grew from one floret or branch rachis in small florets extended and developed into panicles. By using transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of white histocytes of leaves at the seedling stage, the white tissues which showed abnormal plastids, lamellas and thylakoids could not develop into normal chloroplast, and the development of chloroplast was blocked at the early growth stage of plastid. Scanning electron microscope and paraffin section were also used to observe the development of floral organs, and the results indicated that the development of floral meristem was out of order and unlimited, whereas in the twisty leaves, vascular bundle sheath cells grew excessively, or some bubbly cells increased. Genetic analyses carried out by means of cross and backcross with four normal-leaf-color materials revealed that the mutant is of cytoplasm inheritance.

关键词： rice streaked leaf floral organ floret mutant chloroplast anatomical structure plasmatic inheritance

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Expression Analyses of ABCDE Model Genes and Changes in Levels of Endogenous Hormones in Chinese Cabbage Exhibiting Petal-Loss

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2017年第4期3卷 133-140页

作者： MENG Chuan GU Aixia ZHAO Jianjun WANG Yanhua CHEN Xueping SHEN Shuxing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm and Utilization of Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei College of Horticulture Agricultural University of Hebei

Abnormal formation of floral organs affects plant reproduction and can directly interfere with the progress of breeding programs. Using PCR amplification, ABCDE model genes BraAP2, BraAP3, BraPI, BraAG, BraSHP, and BraSEP were isolated from Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp. pekinensis). We examined six development stages of floral buds collected from Chinese cabbage and compared between a line demonstrating normal flowering(A-8) and two mutated lines that exhibited plants having petal-loss(A-16 and A-17). The expression of ABCDE model genes has been analyzed by qRT-PCR. Compared with flower buds of petal-loss plants and normal plants, the expression of A-class gene BraAP2 was significantly decreased during the first to fourth stages, C-class gene BraAG expression was significantly decreased during the first to fifth stages,and D-class gene Bra SHP expression was significantly decreased during the first to third stages. Furthermore, B-class gene BraAP3 and BraPI and E-class gene BraSEP expressions were significantly decreased during all six stages of petal-loss plants compared with normal plants. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assays detected nine endogenous phytohormones during all stages examined here. Except for the second-stage and third-stage buds, levels of the auxin IAA and cytokinin dhZR were always higher in the petal-loss plants than the normal plants at corresponding time points. Meanwhile, concentrations of GA_(1+3) at the first, fourth, and fifth stages were higher in the petal-loss plants than in the normal plants. Our results provide a theoretical basis for future exploration of the molecular mechanism that determines petal loss and the effects that hormones have on such development in Chinese cabbage plants.

关键词： Chinese cabbage petal loss qRT-PCR ABCDE model endogenous hormone floral organ

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Identification of a Long Rice Spikelet Mutant

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2004年第1期3卷 75-79页

作者： WUXian-jun WANGBin HANZan-ping XIEZhao-hui MOUChun-hong WANGXu-dong RiceResearchInstitute SichuanAgriculturalUniversityChengdu611130P.R.China AgronomyCollege HenanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyLuoyang471003P.R.China

A spontaneously occurring rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, characterized by homeotic conversionin glumes and stamens, was found in the progeny of a cross. The mutant showed long glumes andglumaceous lodicules and morphological transformation of stamens into pistils. Mutant floretsconsisted of 1 to 3 completely developed pistils, some pistilloid stamens with filaments, buttipped by bulged tissue and 0 to 3 stigmas. It seems that the mutant phenotype of the homeoticconversions in glumes and stamens is similar to that of the B loss-of-function mutants inArabidopsis and Antirrhinum. The mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene as asegregation ratio of 3:1 (wild type to mutant plants) was observed in the F2 generation.

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) LRS mutant floral organ

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Dynamic Changes in Endogenous Hormones in Rhododen- dron simsii floral organs

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2016年第5期5卷 19-21页

作者： Zhiliang LI Ruixue JIANG Lang JIN Lu XU Mingju ZHANG Shuzhen WANG Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains/Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resource Comprehensive Utilization/College of Life Science Huanggang Normal University Huanggang 438000 China

This study was conducted to investigate the dynamic changes of several hormones in Rhododendron simsii floral organs to provide theoretical basis for controlling its flowering period. A R. simsii variety ＂Purple Crane＂ was selected as the experimental material, and its flower organs were sampled at nine floral developmental stages to measure the contents of gibberellic acid-3 （GA3 ）, abscisic acid （ABA）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, and zeatin riboside （ZR） through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The results showed that the content of ZR was highest at full flowering stage; IAA and GA3 contents were higher than other stages in the process of flower bud differentiation and flowering. ABA played an important role in the regulation of flower bud formation. The results will provide theoretical references for exploring the regulation of plant hormones towards Rhododendron flower traits and breeding new varieties.

关键词： Rhododendron simsii Planch floral organ Hormone Flowering trait

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切花寒菊花器官抗寒性研究

切花寒菊花器官抗寒性研究

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作者：李娜南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

Chrysanthemum was one of the four cut flowers in world, was also very important in China for cutting flower recent years. Winter chrysanthemum was one special population and more cold tolerance. The relative electric conductivity (REC), content of MDA, soluble sugar and protein, SOD,POD activity and pollen viability under natural and artificial low temperature were investigated in four winter cut chrysanthemum cultivars'Hanzi', 'Hanhuang'. The logistic equation was constructed based on the relationship between REC and temperature below 0℃, then the semi-lethal temper- ature(LT50) was determined, and then compared the cold tolerance of different cultivars, different florets and different flowering by variance analysis. The main results were as follows:(1) From 15th Dec to 27th,2008, the tendency of REC, MDA content of four cultivars changed reversely compared with the temperature, while SOD,POD and content of soluble protein were highly related to the low temperature, and the soluble sugar content accumulated all the time. The four different cultivars improved the cold tolerance by regulating the activity of SOD and the contents of soluble sugar and protein.(2) The LT50 in different florets and flowering of'Hanzi'and'Hanhuang'ranged from-8.82℃～-12.94℃. When temperature from CK (14.4～16.2℃.) to 3℃, the SOD activity, soluble protein and pollen viability increased at beginning and then decreased, while MDA changed reversely, and the soluble sugar content accumulated all the time. The change appeared at 9℃to/or 6℃, and the temperature were critical temperature point of physiological barrier.The greatest germination capacity of 'Hanzi' and 'Hanhuang' appears when temperature was 12℃and 9℃, respectively. All of these showed that the pollen viability of 'Hanzi'was more easily affected by low temperature.(3) The changed of physiological and biochemical indexes suggested that the chilling tolerance of two chrysanthemum was'Hanhuang','Hanzi', in turn. Tubular florets were more cold tolerant than ray florets,

关键词： Winter chrysanthemum floral organ Natural low temperature Artificial low temperature Cold tolerance

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