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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 211-224页

作者： Xiaozhou Lü Chao YUAN Weimin BAO Guanghui BAI Fancheng MENG School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian University Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology

In this paper, a flexible skin inspired by the sudoriferous gland structure of human skin is developed for ultra-thermal protection of hypersonic morphing vehicles. The effect of different coolants and cooling flow rates on the cooling performance of the leading edge is studied using finite element analysis.A wind tunnel experiment is conducted at high temperatures with the heat flux Q = 700 k W/m2, and the results indicate the following:(1) the flexible skin can effectively reduce the surface temperature of hypersonic vehicles;(2) when using liquid water instead of argon as the cooling medium, the cooling efficiency of flexible skin performs better;(3) when liquid water is used as the cooling medium, the cooling effect peaks at a flow rate of 0.01 m/s, and further increasing the flow rate will not benefit cooling efficiency significantly;(4) the flexible skin can withstand extreme thermal environments, demonstrating its feasibility in applications of over-limit thermal protection for hypersonic morphing vehicles. This study aims at optimizing the cooling performance of the flexible skin for ultra-thermal protection. The proposed skin can overcome the heat-resistance limit of flexible materials with morphing properties, laying a theoretical and experimental foundation for its future applications in hypersonic morphing vehicles.

关键词： hypersonic vehicle flexible skin ultra-thermal protection micro-channel transpiration cooling

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Comparative study of two lay-up sequence dispositions for flexible skin design of morphing leading edge

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第7期34卷 271-278页

作者： Yu YANG Zhigang WANG Shuaishuai LYU Aircraft Strength Research Institute Xi’an 710065China

Morphing leading edge has great potential for noise abatement and aerodynamic efficiency *** drooping effect is realized by bending of the flexible skin which encloses to form the leading *** the flexible skin is often made of composite laminates of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics(GFRP),the lay-up sequences have become the determinant,which affects not only the morphing quality but also the manufacturing *** optimizing methods of layup sequences are comparatively *** the first method,the laminal quantities in 0,±45and 90vary independently,while in the second one,the concept of isotropic laminate unit[0/45/45/90]s is employed and the unit quantity is the unique *** evaluation demonstrates that for both methods there is insignificant impact to the overall morphing quality;however,specific concern is equally necessary for these two methods to the tip of the leading edge where the skin is at its minimum thickness and bears the most severe bending *** terms of computational efficiency and post-processing labor,the second method has better performance.

关键词： Composite laminates flexible skin Glass fiber reinforced plastics Lay-up sequence Leading edge Morphing wing

A NEW FABRICATION PROCESS FOR A flexible skin WITH TEMPERATURE SENSOR ARRAY AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2004年第2期20卷 140-145页

作者： LEE Gwo-Bin HUANG Fu-Chun LEE Chia-Yen MIAU Jiun-Jih DepartmentofEngineeringScience NationalChengKungUniversityTainanTaiwan701China InstituteofAeronauticsandAstronautics NationalChengKungUniversityTainanTaiwan701China

This paper reports a novel technique for fabrication of a flexible skin with a temperature sensor array (40×1 sensors). A simplified MEMS technology using platinum resistors as sensing materials, which are sandwiched between two polyimide layers as flexible substrates is developed. The two polyimide layers are deposited on top of a thin aluminum layer, which serves as a sacrificial layer such that the flexible skin can be released by metal etching and peeled off easily. The flexible skin with a temperature sensor array has a high mechanical flexibility and can be handily attached on a highly curved surface to detect tiny temperature distribution inside a small area. The sensor array shows a linear output and has a sensitivity of 7.5 mV/°C (prior to amplifiers) at a drive current of 1 mA. To demonstrate its applications, two examples have been demonstrated, including measurement of temperature distribution around a micro heater of a micro PCR (polymerase chain reaction) chip for DNA amplification and detection of separation point for flow over a circular cylinder. The development of the flexible skin with a temperature sensor array may be crucial for measuring temperature distribution on any curved surface in the fields of aerodynamics, space exploration, auto making and biomedical applications etc.

关键词： MEMS flexible skin temperature sensors TCR polyimide

A compliant polymorphing wing for small UAVs

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第10期33卷 2575-2588页

作者： Sadique P.MUHAMMED Rafic M.AJAJ Kamran AKHAN Department of Mechanical Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain 15551United Arab Emirates Department of Aerospace Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788United Arab Emirates

This paper presents the development of a novel compliant polymorphing wing capable of chord and camber morphing for small *** morphing wing can achieve up to 10%chord extension and±20°camber *** design,modeling,sizing,manufacturing and mechanical testing of the wing are *** polymorphing wing consists of one continuous front spar fixed to the fuselage and a rear spar on each side of the *** rear spar can translate in the chordwise direction(chord morphing)and rotate around itself(camber morphing).A flexible elastomeric latex sheet is used as the skin to cover the wing and maintain its aerodynamic shape whilst allowing *** loads from the skin are transferred to the spars using the compliant cellular ribs that support the flexible skin and facilitate ***-tensioning is applied to the skin to minimize wrinkling when subject to aerodynamic and actuation loads.A rack and pinion actuation system,powered by stepper motors,is used for ***-structural design,analysis and sizing are *** comparison between the polymorphing wing and the baseline wing(non-morphing)shows that chord morphing improves aerodynamic efficiency at low angles of attack while camber morphing improves efficiency at high angles of attack.

关键词： Camber morphing Chord morphing Compliant structures flexible skin UAVs

Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第3期18卷 1-20页

作者： Jihong ZHU Jiannan YANG Weihong ZHANG Xiaojun GU Han ZHOU State IJR Center of Aerospace Design and Additive Manufacturing School of Mechanical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China MIIT Laboratory of Metal Additive Manufacturing and Innovative Design NPU-QMUL Joint Research InstituteNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China Institute of Intelligence Material and Structure Unmanned System TechnologiesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions,improve their aerodynamic efficiency,and reduce their energy *** design and fabrication of high-performance,lightweight,and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft *** paper discusses morphing aircraft development history,structural characteristics,existing applications,and future ***,some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes,mechanisms,advantages,and ***,the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles,including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures,lattice technology for reducing structural weight,and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures,are summarized and ***,in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft,the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators,such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites,and analyzes their advantages and ***,the paper discusses multiple challenges,including flexible structures,flexible skins,and control systems,in the design of future morphing ***,the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.

关键词： morphing aircraft additive manufacturing lattice structure smart material flexible structure flexible skin

Design and test of pneumatic artificial muscle driven variable trailing-edge camber wing

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2012年第4期19卷 99-103页

作者：尹维龙田东奎陈以金 Centre for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology

A variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is developed in this paper. Firstly, the experimental setup to measure the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle is designed and the relationship between the static output force and the air pressure is investigated. Experimental results show that the static output force of pneumatic artificial muscle decreases nonlinearly with the increase of contraction ratio. Secondly, the model of variable camber wing driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is manufactured to validate the variable camber concept. Finally, wind tunnel tests are conducted in the low speed wind tunnel. It is found that the wing camber increases with the increase of air pressure. When the air pressure of PAMs is 0.4 MPa and 0.5 MPa, the tip displacement of the trailing-edge is 3 mm and 5 mm, respectively. The lift of aerofoil with flexible trailing-edge increases by 87% at AOA of 5°.

关键词： variable trailing-edge camber pneumatic artificial muscle flexible skin wind tunnel test