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Comparison of Two Pour-On Formulations of Ivermectin against Gastrointestinal Worms, fleas and Lice in Naturally Infected Stray Dogs

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第3期6卷 177-184页

作者： Froylán Ibarra-Velarde Yolanda Vera-Montenegro Joaquín Ambía Medina Karla Sánchez-Peralta Pedro Ochoa Galván Departamento de Parasitología Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. México Laboratorio Salud Animal México D.F. México Departamento de Génetica Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. México

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial pour-on ivermectin formulations against intestinal parasites (IP), fleas and lice in naturally infested stray dogs. Eighteen crossbreed dogs with eggs of IP as well as adult fleas and lice were included in the trial. On day 0, the dogs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each: a group receiving a single pour-on treatment with 0.5% ivermectin (500 mcg/kg), a group treated similarly with 0.2% iver-mectin (200 mg/kg), and a control group. Fecal and skin analyses were carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine the reduction of eggs and the number of fleas and lice. Weight gain was also measured on day 28. On day 30, the dogs were humanely sacrificed in order to count adult IP. Efficacy was measured as the percentage of the reduction of eggs per gram fecal mass (EPGF), of adult IP, fleas and lice relative to the control group. For the eggs of IP, ivermectin at 0.5% showed an efficacy of 100% against ascarids and 79% against Ancylostoma caninum. ivermectin at 0.2% removed 90.2% of the ascarids and 50.4% of A. caninum. For adult IP, the efficacy of 0.5% iver-mectin against Toxocara canis and A. caninum was 100%, and for 0.2% ivermectin it was 62.4% and 76.4% for T. canis and A. caninum, respectively. Both compounds were 100% effective against lice and 96% and 71.1% efficacious against fleas, respectively. However, neither treatment was effective against Dypilidium caninum. Weight gain in treated dogs was statistically different from that of the controls (p fleas;it was similarly efficacious against lice.

关键词： Ivermectin Intestinal Worms fleas and Lice Stray Dogs

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Comparative Efficacy of Three Commercial Ectoparasiticides against fleas in Naturally Infested Dogs

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2019年第5期10卷 234-243页

作者： Froylan Ibarra-Velarde Yolanda Vera-Montenegro Yazmin Alcala-Canto Miguel Flores-Ramos Nelyda Saldana-Hernandez Departamento de Parasitologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

fleas that infest pets are considered important parasites of both animals and humans. These insects cause irritation and can also transmit zoonotic diseases. Research has led to a rapid expansion in the development of flea control products. In the face of a market that offers dozens of commercial ectoparasiticides for dogs and cats, pet owners and veterinarians must be provided with evidence to support their decision to select a product to control fleas. To compare the efficacy of three commercially available products against companion animal fleas, a trial was conducted on naturally-infested dogs in order to validate their pulicidal activity. Thirty-two flea-infested dogs with fleas were divided into 4 groups (n = 8) for each treatment. Group 1 received one pipette of permethrin as a spot-on dose of 650 mg/ml. The second group received 9.7% fipronil as a spot-on formulation. Group 3 was treated with a spot-on formulation of permethrin 7.40% plus piperonyl butoxide at 7.40%. Group 4 remained as the untreated control. fleas of all experimental dogs were examined and counted on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine the percentage of flea reduction. Results showed a 100% efficacy for all tested products. Identified species were: Ctenocephalides felis (75.7%), Ctenocephalides canis (15.9%) and Pulex irritans (9.5%). Based on these results, it was concluded that the three anti-flea products evaluated under the conditions of this study, produced an excellent efficacy as from the third day after treatment.

关键词： fleas Dogs Efficacy Fipronil Permethrin Piperonyl Butoxide

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Adaptation to a novel host and performance trade-off in host-generalist and host-specific insect ectoparasites

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 567-580页

作者： Irina S.Khokhlova Luther van der Mescht Elizabeth M.Warburton Nadezhda A.Stavtseva Boris R.Krasnov Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of DrylandsJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy ResearchJacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusMidreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Clinvet International Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases Odum School of EcologyUniversity of Georgia

We investigated the performance trade-offs of fleas(Siphonaptera)while adapting to a novel host using two host generalists(Xenopsylla conformis and Xenopsylla ramesis)and one host specialist(Parapulex chephrenis)maintained on their principal hosts(Meriones crassus for Xenopsylla and Acomys cahirinus for ***).We asked whether,over generations,(i)a host generalist may become a specialist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host and losing the ability to exploit an original host and(ii)a host specialist can become a generalist by evolving the ability to exploit a novel host without losing the ability to exploit an original *** established an experimental line of each species on a novel host(Acomys russatus for Xenopsylla and *** for ***)and maintained this line on this host during 23 *** compared reproductive performance of progenitors of each line and their descendants when they exploited either original or novel host in terms of egg number and size,hatching success,offspring production,and offspring *** found changes in performance over generations in female offspring size *** conformis demonstrated a tendency to become a host specialist(increased performance on the novel host with a concomitant decreased performance on the original host),whereas *** demonstrated a tendency to become a host generalist(increased performance on the novel host without a concomitant decreased performance on the original host).We conclude that the probability of generalist to specialist transition,and vice versa,is context-dependent and varies between species.

关键词： experimental evolution fleas generalist performance rodents specialist

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Rodent control to fight plague:field assessment of methods based on rat density reduction

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 868-885页

作者： Soanandrasana RAHELINIRINA Kathryn SCOBIE Beza RAMASINDRAZANA Voahangy ANDRIANAIVOARIMANANA Fanohinjanaharinirina RASOAMALALA Lovasoa Nomena RANDRIANTSEHENO Jerry Sylvio RAKOTONIAINA Olivier GORGÉ Xavier LAMBIN Eric VALADE Sandra TELFER Minoarisoa RAJERISON Institut Pasteur de Madagascar Plague UnitAntananarivoMadagascar School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Central Laboratory for Plague Ministry of Public HealthAntananarivoMadagascar Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées ParisFrance

Rodents represent a serious threat to food security and public *** extent to which rodent control can mitigate the risk from rodent-borne disease depends on both the effectiveness of control in reducing rodent abundance and the impact on disease *** on a plague-endemic region of Madagascar,this study compared the effectiveness of 3 methods:live-traps,snap-traps,and *** interventions were implemented inside houses between May and October *** tiles monitored rodent *** fleas,the vector involved in plague transmission,were *** populations consisted of Rattus rattus and Mus *** terms of trap success,we found that our live-trap regime was more effective than *** all 3 control strategies appeared to reduce in-house rodent activity in the short term,we found no evidence of a longer-term effect,with in-house rodent abundance in treated sites comparable to non-treatment sites by the following *** flea,Synopsyllus fonquerniei,is a key plague vector usually found on rats living *** we found no evidence that its abundance inside houses increased following control,this may have been due to a lack of power caused by significant variation in *** *** presence of *** in houses was more likely when *** abundance on outdoor rats was higher,which in turn correlated with high rat *** results emphasize that control strategies need to consider this connectivity between in-house rat–flea populations and the outdoor populations,and any potential consequences for plague transmission.

关键词： fleas Madagascar plague rodents surveillance

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Rodent hosts and flea vectors in Brazilian plague foci:a review

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 810-819页

作者： Diego Leandro REIS DA SILVA FERNANDES Matheus FILGUEIRA BEZERRA Marise SOBREIRA BEZERRA DA SILVA Nilma Cintra LEAL Christian Robson DE SOUZA REIS Alzira Maria Paiva DE ALMEIDA Nacional Reference Service for Plague Institut Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ PERecifePEBrazil Department of Microbiology Institut Aggeu Magalhães-FIOCRUZ PERecifePEBrazil

Plague,caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium,has several foci scattered throughout a large area from the Brazilian territory that ranges from the Northeastern State of Cearáto the Southeastern State ofMinas Gerais and another separated area at the State of Rio de *** review gathers data from plague control and surveillance programs on the occurrence and geographic distribution of rodent hosts and flea vectors in the Brazilian plague areas during the period of from 1952 to ***,we discuss how the interaction between *** and some rodent host species may play a role in the disease *** absence of human cases nowadays in Brazil does not mean that it was *** dynamics of plague in Brazil and in other countries where it was introduced during the 3rd pandemic are quite alike,alternating epidemics with decades of ***,it remains an important epidemic disease of global *** existence of a large animal reservoir and competent vectors demonstrate a need for continuous surveillance to prevent new outbreaks of this disease in humans.

关键词： fleas plague rodents transmission vectors

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Parasites of the Nile rat in rural and urban regions of Sudan

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 179-187页

作者： Dina M.FAGIR El-Amin EL-RAYAH Department of Zoology University of KhartoumKhartoumSudan

In this investigation on endoparasites(helminths)and ectoparasites of the Nile rat(Arvicanthis niloticus Desmarest,1822),a total of 220 Nile rats were trapped from different regions of Sudan during the period January 2003–January *** of different tissues,identification of parasites,effect of these parasites on the organs,the preva-lence and intensity of infestation of the parasites and their relation to the habitat of the host,and sex-related infestations were *** showed that the variation among helminth species was wide,especially in those that are transferred by *** protozoan parasites or distortion in the infected tissues were *** examination for Toxoplasma gondii was carried *** species of cestodes(Hymenolepis nana,Hymenolepis diminuta),two genera(Raillietina sp.I,Raillietina ***)and one unidentified Hymenolepididae were *** most prevalent species of cestodes was Raillietina *** for nematodes only one species and one genus were recovered(Monanema nilotica and Streptopharagus sp.).Investigation of skin revealed that 83.8%of rats were infested with one or more of ectoparasites;namely,insects and *** survey also revealed that fleas and lice were the most common ectoparasites that infested the Nile *** rodents,particularly those living in close association with man,play a significant role in human health,welfare and *** has to be stressed that their arthropod ectoparasites are important vectors of pathogenic microorganisms and they can also be important reservoirs for parasitic zoonoses,like trichinellosis and *** doubt,the increase in rodent populations could be followed by an increase in zoonotic diseases(Stojcevic et al.2004,Durden et al.2000).Rats and mice(commensal and wild)play an important role in public health,being carriers or reservoirs for infectious diseases that can be transmitted to humans(zoonoses).Xenopsylla cheopis is the most important vector

关键词： Arvicanthis fleas lice mites Nile rat Sudan ticks.

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