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Conversion enhancement of tubular fixed-bed reactor for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using static mixer

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2012年第4期21卷 435-444页

作者： Phavanee Narataruksa Sabaithip Tungkamani Karn Pana-Suppamassadu Phongsak Keeratiwintakorn Siriluck Nivitchanyong Piyapong Hunpinyo Hussanai Sukkathanyawat Prayut Jiamrittiwong Visarut Nopparat Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand Research and Development Center for Chemical Engineering Unit Operation and Catalyst Design(RCC) STRI BuildingFloor 1st and 7th(Room 702)King Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Applied ScienceKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKing Mongkut's University of Technology North BangkokBangkok 10800Thailand National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA) Klong luangPathumthani 12120Thailand

Recently, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） has become an interesting technology because of its potential role in producing biofuels via Biomass- to-Liquids （BTL） processes. In Fischer-Tropsch （FT） section, biomass-derived syngas, mainly composed of a mixture of carbon monoxide （CO） and hydrogen （H2）, is converted into various forms of hydrocarbon products over a catalyst at specified temperature and pressure. fixed-bed reactors are typically used for these processes as conventional FT reactors. The fixed-bed or packed-bed type reactor has its drawbacks, which are heat transfer limitation, i.e. a hot spot problem involved highly exothermic characteristics of FT reaction, and mass transfer limitation due to the condensation of liquid hydrocarbon products occurred on catalyst surface. This work is initiated to develop a new chemical reactor design in which a better distribution of gaseous reactants and hydrocarbon products could be achieved, and led to higher throughput and conversion. The main goal of the research is the enhancement of a fixed-bed reactor, focusing on the application of KenicsTM static mixer insertion in the tubular packed-bed reactor. Two FTS experiments were carried out using two reactors i.e., with and without static mixer insertion within catalytic beds. The modeled syngas used was a mixed gas composed of H2/CO in 2 ： 1 molar ratio that was fed at the rate of 30 mL（STP）·min^- 1 （GHSV ≈ 136 mL·gcat^-1 ·h^-1） into the fixed Ru supported aluminum catalyst bed of weight 13.3 g. The reaction was carried out at 180 ℃ and atmospheric pressure continuously for 36 h for both experiments. Both transient and steady-state conversions （in terms of time on stream） were reported. The results revealed that the steady-state CO conversion for the case using the static mixer was approximately 3.5 times higher than that of the case without static mixer. In both cases, the values of chain growth probability of hydrocarbon products （α） for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch synthesis fixed-bed reactor packed-bed reactor static mixer

Experimental Study and Modeling of an Adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for Methanol Dehydration to Dimethyl Ether

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2009年第4期17卷 630-634页

作者： M. Fazlollahnejad M. Taghizadeh A. Eliassi G.Bakeri Department of Chemical Engineering Babol University of Technology *** Babol Iran Chemical Industries Research Department Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST) Tehran Iran Catalyst Research Group Petrochemical Research and Technology Company National Petrochemical Company Tehran Iran

One-dimensional heterogeneous plug flow model was employed to model an adiabatic fixed-bed reactor for the catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl *** temperature and conversion profiles predicted by this model were compared to those experimentally measured in a bench scale *** reactor was packed with 1.5mm γ-Al2O3 pellets as dehydration catalyst and operated in a temperature range of 543-603K at an atmospheric ***,the effects of weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)and temperature on methanol conversion were *** to the results,the maximum conversion is obtained at 603.15K with WHSV of 72.87h-1.

关键词： methanol dimethyl ether modeling fixed-bed reactor

Changes in char reactivity due to char-oxygen and char-steam reactions using Victorian brown coal in a fixed-bed reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第1期23卷 321-325页

作者：张书 Yonggang Luo Chunzhu Li 王永刚 Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Fuels and Energy Technology Institute Curtin University of Technology

This study was to examine the influence of reactions of char–O2and char–steam on the char reactivity evolution.A newly-designed fixed-bed reactor was used to conduct gasification experiments using Victorian brown coal at800 °C. The chars prepared from the gasification experiments were then collected and subjected to reactivity characterisation(ex-situ reactivity) using TGA(thermogravimetric analyser) in air. The results indicate that the char reactivity from TGA was generally high when the char experienced intensive gasification reactions in 0.3%O2in the fixed-bed reactor. The addition of steam into the gasification not only enhanced the char conversion significantly but also reduced the char reactivity dramatically. The curve shapes of the char reactivity with involvement of steam were very different from that with O2 gasification, implying the importance of gasifying agents to char properties.

关键词： Brown coal Gasifying agent Char reactivity fixed-bed reactor

Deactivation and regeneration of TS-1/SiO2 catalyst for epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide in a fixed-bed reactor

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Hainan SHI Yaquan WANG Guoqiang WU Wenping FENG Yi Lin Teng ZHANG Xing JIN Shuhai WANG Xiaoxue WU Pengxu YAO Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering & Technology Yianjin University Tianjin 300072 China

TS-1/SiO2 catalyst for the epoxidation of propylene with hydrogen peroxide in a fixed-bed reactor has been investigated. The catalyst activity decreases gradually with the online reaction time, but the selectivity of propylene epoxide is kept at about 93%. The fresh, deactivated and regenerated catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectro- scopy, ultra-violet-visible diffuse reflectance, Brunner- Emmett-TeUer method and thermogravimetric analysis, and the deactivated catalyst was regenerated with H2O2/ methanol solution. Compared with the fresh catalyst, both the framework structure and the content of titanium in the framework of the deactivated and regenerated TS-1/SiO2 catalysts were not changed. The major reason of the catalyst deactivation was the blockage of the channels of the catalyst by bulky organic by-products, which covered the active centers of titanium in TS-1. The deposited materials on the deactivated TS-1/SiO2 catalyst could be removed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide/methanol solution or pure methanol; the higher the treatment temperature and the higher the concentration of H2O2 in methanol, the higher the extent of the regeneration. The regeneration treatment did not influence the product selectivity in the propylene epoxidation.

关键词： TS-1/SiO2 epoxidation of propylene fixed-bed reactor deactivation regeneration

Simulation of biodiesel industrial production via solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2014年第3期30卷 380-386页

作者：李浩扬潘晓梅肖洋肖国民黄金金东南大学化学化工学院南京211189

Biodiesel industrial production based on a solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed was simulated. The lab and bench scale experiments were carded out effectively, in which the kinetic model is established and it can describe the transesterification reaction well. The Antoine equation of biodiesel is regressed with the vapor-liquid data cited of literature. The non-random two liquid （NRTL） model is applied to describe the system of fatty acid methyl ester （FAME）, methanol and glycerol and parameters are obtained. The Ternary phase map is obtained from Aspen Plus via the liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） data. In order to describe the production in a fixed-bed performs in industrial scale after being magnified 1 000 times, the Aspen Plus simulation is employed, where two flowsheets are simulated to predict material and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that at least 350. 42 kW energy consumption can be reduced per hour to produce per ton biodiesel compared with data reported in previous references.

关键词： solid base catalyst fixed-bed reactor Aspen Plus simulation biodiesel industrial production

A Simulation Study of the Steam Reforming of Methaneina fixed-bed reactor

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Engineering（科研） 2016年第4期8卷 245-256页

作者： Fernando Antôniode Araújo Silva Kenia Carvalho Mendes Jornandes Dias da Silva Design Unit Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

In this work a one-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate methane conversion and hydrogen yield in a fixed-bed reactor filled with catalyst particles. For the reason that reforming reactions are sorely endothermic process, the heat is supplied to the reactor through electrical heating. The reforming reactions have been investigated from a modelling view point considering the effect of different temperatures ranging from 500℃ and 977℃ on the conversion of methane and hydrogen yield. Simulation results show that the steam reforming of methane in a fixed-bed reactor can efficiently store high temperature end thermal energy. When the operating temperature is increased to 977℃, the conversion of methane is 97.48% and the hydrogen yield is 2.2408. As a conclusion, the maximum thermochemical efficiency will be obtained under optimal operating temperature (977℃) and the steam/methane (3.86) ratio.

关键词： Simulation Methane Modelling Steam Reforming fixed-bed reactor

Modeling-based optimization of a fixed-bed industrial reactor for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第5期24卷 612-622页

作者： Ali Darvishi Razieh Davand Farhad Khorasheh Moslem Fattahi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Shiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of TechnologyAzadi AvenueTehranIran Department of Chemical Engineering Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum University of TechnologyAbadanIran

An industrial scale propylene production via oxidative dehydrogenation of propane （ODHP） in multi-tubular re- actors was modeled. Multi-tubular fixed-bed reactor used for ODHP process, employing 10000 of small diameter tubes immersed in a shell through a proper coolant flows. Herein, a theory-based pseudo-homogeneous model to describe the operation of a fixed bed reactor for the ODHP to correspondence olefln over V2O5/γ-Al203 catalyst was presented. Steady state one dimensional model has been developed to identify the operation parameters and to describe the propane and oxygen conversions, gas process and coolant temperatures, as well as other pa- rameters affecting the reactor performance such as pressure. Furthermore, the applied model showed that a double-bed multitubular reactor with intermediate air injection scheme was superior to a single-bed design due to the increasing of propylene selectivity while operating under lower oxygen partial pressures resulting in propane conversion of about 37.3%. The optimized length of the reactor needed to reach 100% conversion of the oxygen was theoretically determined. For the single-bed reactor the optimized length of 11.96 m including 0.5 m of inert section at the entrance region and for the double-bed reactor design the optimized lengths of 5.72 m for the first and 7.32 m for the second reactor were calculated. Ultimately, the use of a distributed oxygen feed with limited number of injection points indicated a significant improvement on the reactor performance in terms of propane conversion and propylene selectivity. Besides, this concept could overcome the reactor run- away temperature problem and enabled operations at the wider range of conditions to obtain enhanced propyl- ene production in an industrial scale reactor.

关键词： fixed-bed reactor Mathematical modeling Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane Propylene V2O5/γ-Al203 catalyst Optimization

Heterogeneous numerical modelling for the auto thermal reforming of crude glycerol in a fixed bed reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第2期35卷 261-268页

作者： Jason Williams Hussameldin Ibrahim Nima Karimi Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute Process Systems EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada Environmental Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaRegina SK S4S 0A2Canada

A mathematical model for the catalytic autothermal reforming(ATR)reaction of synthetic crude glycerol to hydrogen in a fixed bed tubular reactor(FBTR)and over an in-house developed metal oxide catalyst is presented in this *** heterogeneous model equations account for a two-phase system of solid catalyst and bulk feed ***,the ATR of crude glycerol reaction scheme and intrinsic kinetic rate model over an active,selective,and stable nickel-based catalyst were integrated in the developed ***,the model was validated using experimental data generated in our labs for the ATR of synthetic crude *** modelling results adequately described the detailed gas product composition and distribution,temperature profiles,and conversion propagation in the axial direction of the fixed bed reactor over a wide range of reaction temperature(773–923 K)and mass-time(12.71–158.23 g cat·min·(mol C)^(-1)).The crude glycerol conversion predicted with the model showing a close resemblance to those obtained experimentally with an average absolute deviation(AAD)of less than 8%.The maximum crude glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield were found to be 92%and 3 mol hydrogen/mol crude glycerol,***,the gas product concentration profile in the reactor was adequately described(90%)accuracy with a hydrogen concentration of 39%(volume).

关键词： Hydrogen crude glycerol Autothermal reforming Numerical analysis fixed-bed reactor

A three dimensional CFD simulation and optimization of direct DME synthesis in a fixed bed reactor

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Petroleum Science 2014年第2期11卷 323-330页

作者： Fazel Moradi Mohammad Kazemeini Moslem Fattahi Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Petroleum University of Technology

In this study, a comprehensive three-dimensional dynamic model was developed for simulating the flow behavior and catalytic coupling reactions for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether （DME） from syngas including CO2 in a fixed bed reactor at commercial scale under both adiabatic and isothermal conditions. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamic （CFD） simulation was carried out through which the standard κ-ε model with 10% turbulence tolerations was implemented. At first, an adiabatic fixed bed reactor was simulated and the obtained results were compared with those of an equivalent commercial slurry reactor. Then the concentration and temperature profiles along the reactor were predicted. Consequently, the optimum temperature, pressure, hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in the feedstock and the reactor height under different operation conditions were determined. Finally, the results obtained from this three-dimensional dynamic model under appropriate industrial boundary conditions were compared with those of others available in literature to verify the model. Next, through changing the boundary conditions, the simulation was performed for an isothermal fixed bed reactor. Furthermore, it was revealed that, under isothermal conditions, the performed equilibrium simulations were done for a single phase system. Considering the simultaneous effects of temperature and pressure, the optimum operation conditions for the isothermal and adiabatic fixed bed reactors were investigated. The results of the H2＋CO conversions indicated that, under isothermal condition, higher conversion could be achieved, in compared with that under adiabatic conditions. Then, the effects of various operating parameters, including the pressure and temperature, of the reactor on the DME production were examined. Ultimately, the CFD modeling results generated in the present work showed reasonable agreement with previously obtained data available in the literature.

关键词： Modeling CFD dimethyl ether synthesis dynamic behavior fixed-bed reactor isothermaland adiabatic conditions