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Palatability of Water-Soluble Extracts of Protein Sources and replacement of fishmeal by a Selected Mixture of Protein Sources for Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2016年第3期15卷 561-567页

作者： DONG Chun HE Gen MAI Kangsen ZHOU Huihui XU Wei Key Laboratory of Water Project Ecological Effect and Ecological Restoration Institute of HydroecologyMinistry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Feed and Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture Ocean University of China

Poor palatability is a limiting factor for replacing fishmeal with other protein sources in aquaculture. The water-soluble molecules with low molecular weights are the major determinants of the palatability of diets. The present study was conducted to investigate the palatability of water-soluble extracts from single protein source(single extract pellets) and the mixture of these extracts with different proportions(blended extract pellets) in juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus). Then according to the palatability of blended extract pellets, an optimal mixture proportion was selected, and a new protein source made from raw protein materials with the selected proportion was formulated to replace fishmeal. Summarily, the palatability of single extract pellets for turbot was descendent from fishmeal to pet-food grade poultry by-product meal, wheat gluten meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, meat and bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Subsequently, according to the palatability of single extract pellets, 52 kinds of blended extract pellets were designed to test their palatability. The results showed that the pellets presented remarkably different palatability, and the optimal one was diet 52(wheat gluten meal: pet-food grade poultry by-product meal: meat and bone meal: corn gluten meal = 1:6:1:2). The highest ingestion ratio(the number of pellets ingested/the number of pellets fed) was 0.73 ± 0.03, which was observed in Diet 52. Then five isonitrogenous(52% crude protein) and isocaloric(20 k J g^(-1) gross energy) diets were formulated by replacing 0(control), 35%, 50%, 65% and 80% of fishmeal with No.52 blending proportion. After a 10-weeks feeding trial, a consistent feed intake was found among all replacement treatments. replacement level of fishmeal up to 35% did not significantly influence final body weight, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of turbot. Therefore, the water-soluble extracts of protein sources play an important role

关键词： protein source water-soluble extract palatability fishmeal replacement turbot

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Recent advances in amino acid sensing and new challenges for protein nutrition in aquaculture

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2019年第1期1卷 50-59页

作者： Chengdong Liu Xuan Wang Huihui Zhou Kangsen Mai Gen He Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of China5 Yushan RoadQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China

From the conventional knowledge of protein nutrition to the molecular nutrition of amino acids, our understanding of protein/amino acid nutrition is rapidly increasing. Amino acids control cell growth and metabolism through two amino acid-sensingpathways, i.e. target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) signaling *** the amino acid-abundant status, TORC1 dominates intracellular signaling and increases protein synthesis and cell *** contrast, amino acid deprivation actives GCN2 resulting in repression of general protein synthesis but facilitates the aminoacid transport and synthesis process. By integrating and coordinating nutrition and hormone signaling, TORC1 and GCN2control the switch of the catabolism and anabolism phase in most eukaryotes. Now, we appreciate that the availability ofindividual amino acids is sensed by intracellular sensors. These cutting-edge findings expand our knowledge of amino acidnutrition. Although the TORC1 and GCN2 were discovered decades ago, the study of molecular amino acid nutrition inaquaculture animals is still at its infancy. The aquaculture industry is highly dependent on the supply of fishmeal, which isthe major protein source in aquacultural animal diets. Some concerted efforts were conducted to substitute for fishmeal dueto limited supply of it. However, the concomitant issues including the unbalanced amino acid profile of alternative proteinsources limited the utilization of those proteins. Continued study of the molecular nutrition of amino acid in aquacultureanimals may be expected in the immediate future to expand our knowledge on the utilization of alternative protein sources.

关键词： Molecular nutrition Amino acid sensor GCN2 TORC1 Aquaculture fishmeal replacement

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Muscle amino acid profiles of eleven species of aquacultured animals and their potential value in feed formulation

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第4期9卷 642-652页

作者： Ewen McLean Kelly B.Alfrey Delbert M.Gatlin III T.Gibson Gaylord Frederick T.Barrows Aqua Cognoscenti LLC 479 Henslowe LaneWest ColumbiaSC29170USA Anthropocene Institute 855 El Camino RealSte 13A N399Palo AltoCA94301USA Texas A&M University Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyCollege StationTX77843USA US Fish and Wildlife Service Bozeman Fish Technology Center4050 Bridger Canyon RoadBozemanMT59715USA Aquatic Feed Technologies LLC 48 West Plaza del LagoIslamoradaFL33036USA

The complete quantitative essential amino acid(EAA)requirements of aquacultured animals are largely unknown except for a handful of *** is problematic because formulation of least-cost diets for target animals demands precise knowledge of EAA *** way of approximating EAA requirements is to use correlations between whole-body and/or muscle EAA profiles using essential to total EAA ratios(A/E ratios).This method requires a reference,quantified EAA requirement,usually lysine(Lys).To systematically evaluate the A/E ratio method,muscle AA profiles were measured in 10 species of teleost and whiteleg *** fish,Lys represented the dominant muscle EAA measured,ranging between 7.06 and 9.58 g/100 g protein,whereas,in shrimp,arginine(Arg)was quantified as the principal *** non-EAA,glutamate(Glu)and glutamine were consistently the NEAA recorded at highest levels whereas,in shrimp,Glu+Gln was highest followed by aspartate(Asp)plus asparagine(Asn).Except for Arg,which was twice that of fish(P<0.05),whiteleg shrimp expressed similar muscle A/E *** of relationship between muscle EAA levels and known requirements were all strongly and positively correlated for non-salmonid *** using Lys as the reference EAA there were few semblances between measured and estimated EAA requirements.

关键词： Aquafeed A/E ratio EAA requirement Ideal protein Muscle fishmeal replacement

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