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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 743-759页

作者： Jidan Zhang Wenhui Ji Zhongyuan Yuan Yanping Yuan School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

fires in the railway trains are prone to cause large numbers of casualties,serious economic losses,and huge negative social impacts.The railway train carriage is a special confined built environment,where the pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread process are different from those fire accidents in open space.Identifying the fire characteristics of the railway train carriages is the key issue to determine the fire prevention and control strategy.Therefore,this paper attempts to assess and identify the characteristics of pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread of railway trains based on the exising research.This review documents the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of single train material and the combustible module,summarizes the heat release rate(HRR)calculation methods and the HRR profile for different types of trains,as well as introduces the research progress in the flame spread and flashover.The main gaps and issues to be solved in terms of the effects of train speed,altitudes,and application of new energy trains are further discussed.

关键词： fire safety Railway trains Pyrolysis Heat release rate fire spread Flashover

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fire spread Model for Old Towns Based on Cellular Automaton

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第5期13卷 736-740页

作者：高楠翁文国马伟倪顺江黄全义袁宏永 Center for Public Safety Research Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua University School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University

Old towns like Lijiang have enormous historic, artistic, and architectural value. The buildings in such old towns are usually made of highly combustible materials, such as wood and grass. If a fire breaks out, it will spread to multiple buildings, so fire spreading and controlling in old towns need to be studied. This paper presents a fire spread model for old towns based on cellular automaton. The cellular automaton rules were set according to historical fire data in empirical formulas. The model also considered the effects of cli- mate. The simulation results were visualized in a geography information system. An example of a fire spread in Lijiang was investigated with the results showing that this model provides a realistic tool for predicting fire spread in old towns. fire brigades can use this tool to predict when and how a fire spreads to minimize the losses.

关键词： old town fire spread cellular automaton geographic information system （GIS）

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Implementation issues of the planning support tool in Japan:Focusing on urban disaster mitigation

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2019年第4期8卷 483-497页

作者： Kazuki Karashima Akira Ohgai Department of Architecture and Civil Engineerins Toyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashiAichiJapan

This study determined the issues of Planning Support System(PSS)implementation in the field of urban disaster mitigation in Japan by understanding its analytical perspective through a review of Western literature,a questionnaire survey of urban planning consultant companies,and PSS implementation for a practical project in a municipality.Regarding the instrum ental perspective,there was difficulty in conducting the simulationbased PSS due to the enormous simulation time required.Regarding the transfer perspective,the importance of the municipality^decision of adopting the PSS to a project,securing the budget and continuous running costs,track record of the practical project,and lack of human resource for the PSS use were clarified.Regarding the user perspective,the difficulty in data collection and update as well as im portance of the cooperative system/support from the developer in the initial period were clarified.Especially,considering the low number of implementations,a platform may be important for the promotion of PSS awareness.This may be also useful for the diffusion of PSS.It is necessary for the developers to fully comm unicate the benefits of PSS adoption.It is thought that a close cooperative system and support are required in the initial stage.For prom oting and understanding the benefits of PSS adoption,a guideline or manual seems to be useful.This is effective for ensuring the budget and providing an explanation to high-level members of the organizations about the effect of utilizing these tools.For the final implementation,the possibility of installation,maintenance,and operation of the PSS by the municipality was discussed.

关键词： Planning support tool Urban disaster mitigation Implementation GIS fire spread Evacuation

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A review on research of fire dynamics in high-rise buildings

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2013年第4期3卷 1-13页

作者： Jinhua Sun Longhua Hu Ying Zhang State Key Laboratory of fire Science University of Science and Technology of China

Since serious fire occurred frequently in recent years, fire safety of high-rise building has attracted extensive attention. A National Basic Research Program （973 program） of China has been set up by Ministry of Science and Technology （MOST） of China in 2012 to meet the research requirements of fire safety in high-rise buildings. This paper reviews the current state of art of research on fire dynamics of high-rise buildings, including the up-to-date progress of this project. The following three subjects on fire dynamics of high-rise buildings are addressed in this review： the ejected flame and fire plume behavior over facade out of the compartment window, the flame spread behavior over facade thermal insulation materiMs, and the buoyancy-driven smoke transportation characteristics along long vertical channels in high-rise buildings. Prospective future works are discussed and summarized.

关键词： high-rise building fire dynamics facade flame fire spread smoke transportation

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