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fire temperature and residence time during dry season burning in a Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa with implication for seed germination

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 445-450,522,523页

作者： Sidzabda Djibril Dayamba Patrice Savadogo Didier Zida Louis Sawadogo Daniel Tiveau Per Christer Oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research CentreTropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory PO Box 49 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières BP 10 Koudougou Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Regional Office for West Africa 06

Prescribed fire is used in the Sudanian savanna-woodland of West Africa as a forest management tool. An experiment was carried out to assess the effects of season of burning, and different vertical probe positions on maximum fire temperature and temperature residence time above 60℃ which is considered lethal for plant tissues. seasons of burning considered were： an early season fire set at the beginning of the dry season （beginning of December）, mid-season fire set at the peak of the dry season （mid-January）, and a late season fire at the end of the dry season （end of March）. The effects of these fires on the germination of buried seeds of three socio-economically valuable tree species were also examined. Results indicated significant differences in maximum fire temperature and residence time with respect to season of burning and vertical probe position （p 〈 0.001）. The highest and longest lasting temperatures were observed at 20 cm above ground during early fire and at the soil surface during mid-season and late fires. This, in turn, affected germination responses of seeds buried at different soil depths. Implications of these findings in the current management practices are discussed.

关键词： Burkina Faso fire season regeneration Savanna-woodland tropical ecosystem

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Distribution patterns of fire regime in the Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, West Africa

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干旱区科学:英文版 2023年第10期15卷 1160-1173页

作者： Omobayo G ZOFFOUN Chabi A M S DJAGOUN EtotépéA SOGBOHOSSOU Laboratory of Applied Ecology(LEA) Faculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-Calavi(UAC)Cotonou 01 BP 526Benin GeoEnvironmemt and Biodiversity Conservation(GeoEBC)NGO Cotonou 02 BP 775Benin Department of Environment Senghor University1 Place Ahmed OrabiA1 Mancheya BP 415Alexandria 21111Egypt

Pendjari Biosphere Reserve(PBR),a primary component of the W-Arly-Pendjari transboundary biosphere reserve,represents the largest intact wild ecosystem and pristine biodiversity spot in West *** savannah ecosystem has long been affected by fire,which is the main ecological driver for the annual rhythm of life in the *** the fire distribution patterns will help to improve its management plan in the *** study explores the fire regime in the PRB during 2001–2021 in terms of burned area,seasonality,fire frequency,and mean fire return interval(MFRI)by analysing moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)burned area *** indicated that the fire season in the PBR extends from October to May with a peak in early dry season(November–December).The last two fire seasons(2019–2020 and 2020–2021)recorded the highest areas burned in the PBR out of the twenty fire seasons *** the twenty years period,8.2%of the reserve burned every 10–11 months and 11.5%burned *** largest part of the reserve burned every one to two years(63.1%),while 8.3%burned every two to four years,5.8%burned every four to ten years,and 1.9%burned every ten to twenty *** 1.3%of the entire area did not fire during the whole study *** returned to a particular site every 1.39 a and the annual percentage of area burned in the PBR was 71.9%.The MFRI(MFRIfire in tree and woodland savannahs to lower grass height,and late dry season fires every two to three years in shrub savannah to limit the expansion of shrubs and *** propose a laissez-faire system in areas in woodland savannah where the fire frequency is sufficient to allow tree *** findings highlight the utility of remote sensing in defining the geographical and

关键词： fire season fire frequency West African savannah moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) burned area

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seasonal fires shape the germinable soil seed bank community in eastern Mediterranean woodlands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2022年第1期15卷 13-25页

作者： Neta Manela Hagai Shemesh Yagil Osem Yohay Carmel Chanoch Soref Anat Tsafrir Ofer Ovadia Department of Life Sciences Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-ShevaIsrael The National Herbarium National Natural History CollectionsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Department of Environmental Sciences Tel-Hai CollegeQiryat ShemonaIsrael Department of Natural Resources Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani CenterRishon LeTsiyonIsrael Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael Judean Mountains Forest Region KKL Givat YeshiayahIsrael

We explored if and how seasonal fires interact with microhabitat type(*** Pistacia shrub,under Cistus shrub or a canopy gap)to influence the composition of the germinable soil seed bank(GSSB)community in a typical eastern Mediterranean *** conducted a field experiment,involving prescribed spring and autumn burns,and thereafter quantified the seed germination patterns using soil samples collected from both burned and adjacent unburned control *** temperature was significantly higher during autumn burns,while being more variable during spring *** caused overall reductions in GSSB density,richness and *** reductions in GSSB richness and diversity were significantly stronger under Pistacia and Cistus shrubs located within plots subjected to autumn burns,and these patterns were mainly evident among *** density of dwarf shrubs was higher in samples collected from burned plots,and this pattern was more pronounced in samples collected under Pistacia and Cistus *** with the appearance of unique species,seasonal fires led to significant changes in the composition of the GSSB *** results illustrate that seasonal fires interact with spatial heterogeneity to influence the composition of the GSSB community mostly via differential effects on the germination densities of annuals and dwarf *** findings imply that the increase in the frequency of seasonal fires,which has occurred in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last few decades,may translate into a shift in eco-evolutionary selection pressures,operating on plants inhabiting this unique ecosystem.

关键词： fire season germination Mediterranean woodlands microhabitat soil seed bank

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The impact of climate change on fire risk in Daxing'anling,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 997-1006页

作者： Xiaorui Tian Lifu Shu Mingyu Wang Fengjun Zhao The Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryState Forestry Administration's Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection

Daxing’anling is a key region for forest fire prevention in China. Assessing changes in fire risk in the future under multiple climatic scenarios will contribute to our understanding of the influences of climate change for the region and provide a reference for applying adaptive measures for fire management. This study analyzed the changes in fire weather indices and the fire season under four climate scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5) for 2021-2050 using data from five global climate models together with observation data. The results showed that the analog data could project the average state of the climate for a given period but were not effective for simulating extreme weather conditions. Compared with the baseline period (1971-2000), the period 2021-2050 was predicted to have an increase in average temperature of 2.02-2.65 °C and in annual precipitation 25.4-40.3 mm, while the fire weather index (FWI) was predicted to increase by 6.2-11.2% and seasonal severity rating (SSR) by 5.5-17.2%. The DMC (Duff moisture code), ISI (initial spread index), BUI (build-up index), FWI and SSR were predicted to increase significantly under scenarios RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5. Furthermore, days with high or higher fire danger rating were predicted to be prolonged by 3-6 days, with the change in the southern region being greater under scenarios RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5.

关键词： Climate change fire danger Forest fire fire season fire weather indexes

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Future impacts of climate change on forest fire danger in northeastern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 437-446页

作者： TIAN Xiao-rui SHU Li-fu ZHAO Feng-jun WANG Ming-yu Douglas J. McRae State Forestry Administration＇s Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protec- tion Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091. Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen St. E.Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2E5.

Climate warming has a rapid and far-reaching impact on forest fire management in the boreal forests of China. Regional climate model outputs and the Canadian Forest fire Weather Index （FWI） Sys- tem were used to analyze changes to fire danger and the fire season for future periods under IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios （SRES） A2 and B2, and the data will guide future fire management planning. We used regional climate in China （1961 1990） as our validation data, and the period （1991–2100） was modeled under SRES A2 and B2 through the weather simulated by the regional climate model system （PRECIS）. Meteorological data and fire danger were interpolated to 1 km 2 by using ANUSPLIN software. The average FWI value for future spring fire sea- sons under Scenarios A2 and B2 shows an increase over most of the region. Compared with the baseline, FWI averages of spring fire season will increase by 0.40, 0.26 and 1.32 under Scenario A2, and increase by 0.60, 1.54 and 2.56 under Scenario B2 in 2020s, 2050s and 2080s, respectively. FWI averages of autumn fire season also show an increase over most of the region. FWI values increase more for Scenario B2 than for Scenario A2 in the same periods, particularly during the 2050s and 2080s. Average future FWI values will increase under both scenarios for autumn fire season. The potential burned areas are expected to increase by 10% and 18% in spring for 2080s under Scenario A2 and B2, respectively. fire season will be prolonged by 21 and 26 days under ScenariosA2 and B2 in 2080s respectively.

关键词： climate change fire season forest fire danger northeastern China

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Forest fire danger ratings in the 2040s for northeastern China

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第2期13卷 85-96页

作者： TIAN Xiao-rui SHU Li-fu WANG Ming-yu ZHAO Feng-jun Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of the State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 E R. China

The average temperature of northeastern China is expected to increase 2.22 and 2.55℃ under two scenarios selected from the Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）, i.e., A2 and B2, during the 2040s （2041-2050）, which will have an impact on fire activities in those areas. We calculated the output of regional climate models, using the Canadian Forest fire Weather Index （FWI） on a scale of 50 km × 50 km. Meteorological data and fire weather index were interpolated to a scale of 1 km × 1 km by using ANUSPLIN software. The results show that the model of Providing Regional Climate for Impacts Studies （PRECIS） had the ability to provide good temperature and precipitation estimates of the study area in the baseline period, by simulation. In the 2040s the mean FWI values of the study area will increase during most of the fire seasons under both selected scenarios, compared with the baseline period. Under scenario B2 the peak fire season will appear in advance. The changes of FWI ratio （2×CO2/l ×CO2） show that the potential burned areas will increase 20% under scenario B2 and lightly increase under scenario A2 in 2040s. The days of high, very high and extreme fire danger classes will add 5 and 18 d under scenarios A2 and B2, respectively. It suggests adapting the climate change through improving fuel management and enhancing the fighting abilities.

关键词： climate change forest fire danger fire season FWI northeastern China

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