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Bio-inspired surface manipulation of halloysite nanotubes for highperformance flame retardant polylactic acid nanocomposites

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1595-1606页

作者： Yaru Sun Bin Yu Yan Liu Junbo Yan Zixi Xu Bo Cheng Fenglei Huang Jun Wang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center Chongqing 401120China National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

High-performance flame-retardant polylactic acid(PLA)bio-composites based on biobased fillers to meet usage requirements represents a promising direction for creating a sustainable world.Although flame retardant PLA composites have been reported extensively,it still remains a huge challenge to develop mechanically robust.The flame retardant PLA composites due to plastication effect of organic flame retardants and poor compatibility of organic fillers with the matrix lead to the severe deterioration in mechanical properties.In this work,a bio-inspired surface manipulation strategy for halloysite nanotubes(HNTs)was proposed via a facile and green self-assembly process.The structure and morphology of bio-inspired HNTs(b-HNTs)proved that biomass nanofillers(PA-NA-Fe)grew well both within the lumen and on the surface of HNTs.The growth of biomass on the inner and outer surfaces of HNTs was inspired from wooden towards enhancing the interface compatibility and imparting multi-properties to PLA biopolymer.Excellent mechanical properties(tensile,thermomechanical and anti-impact mechanical),great fire safety(heat release and smoke emission),thermostability and improved electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of this well-designed PLA nanocomposite were realized.The mechanisms of the enhanced performances of the PLA bio-composites by loading b-HNTs were proposed.This work presents a facile and environmentally-friendly bio-inspired modification strategy for HNTs to fabricate high-performance,multi-functional polymer composites,which is also suitable for surface modification of many other nanomaterials,including nanofibers,nanotubes,nanowires,and nanosheets.

关键词： mechanical properties thermostability fire safety electromagnetic interference shielding biomass

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An exploratory study on road tunnel with semi-transparent photovoltaic canopy-From energy saving and fire safety perspectives

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Building Simulation 2022年第4期15卷 537-548页

作者： Dahai Qi Senwen Yang Chang Shu Xin Zhang Liangzhu(Leon)Wang Andreas Athienitis Department of Civil and Building Engineering Universite de Sherbrooke2500boul.de I'UniversiteSherbrookeQuebec J1K2R1Canada Centre for Zero Energy Building Studies Department of BuildingCivil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd.WestMontrealQuebec H3G 1M8Canada

Road tunnels consume a large amount of energy,especially in the Canadian cold climate,where the roads are heated electrically or deicing during the winter.For a more sustainable and resilient road tunnel energy system,we conducted an exploratory study on installing a semi-transparent photovoltaic(STPV)canopy at the entrances and exits of a tunnel under a river.The proposed system generates solar-powered electricity,improves thermal and visual conditions,and reduces energy loads.In this study,field measurements of road surface temperature and air temperature were conducted,and numerical simulations with and without STPV were performed to study air and road surface temperatures under different traffic speeds.The field measurements show the road surface temperatures are higher than the air temperature on average.The interior air and road surface temperature were measured to be above 0°C,even though the outdoor temperature is far below 0°C,thus significantly reducing the need for deicing in winter using salts.The simulations show that the air and surface temperatures elevate due to the solar transmission heat through the STPV canopy,thus reducing deicing energy consumption significantly.The fire safety analysis also showed that the proposed system's top opening should be located near the tunnel entrance instead of the canopy entrance for better smoke exhaust during a fire.

关键词： STPV road tunnel fire safety energy efficiency cold climate

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High-performance flexible nanocomposites with superior fire safety and ultra-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第35期166卷 133-144页

作者： Miao Liu Kexin Chen Yongqian Shi Hengrui Wang Shijie Wu Ruizhe Huang Yuezhan Feng Longcheng Tang Xiaohuan Liu Pingan Song College of Environment and safety Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education College of MaterialChemistry and Chemical EngineeringHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China College of Life Science Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldQLD 4300Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield4300Australia

High-performance multifunctional polymeric materials integrated with high fire safety,excel-lent mechanical performances and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding properties have great prospects in practical applications.However,designing highly fire-safe and mechanically ro-bust EMI shielding nanocomposites remains a great challenge.Herein,hierarchical thermoplastic polyurethane/cyclophosphazene functionalized titanium carbide/carbon fiber fabric(TPU/CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)/CF)nanocomposites with high fire safety and mechanical strength and toughness were prepared through the methods of melt blending,layer-by-layer stacking and thermocompression.The TPU/CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)showed improved thermal stability.Moreover,the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of the hi-erarchical TPU sample containing 4.0 wt.%CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)were respectively reduced by 64.4%and 31.8%relative to those of pure TPU,which were far higher than those of other TPU-based nanocomposites.The averaged EMI shielding effectiveness value of the hierarchical TPU/CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-2.0/CF nanocomposite reached 30.0 dB,which could satisfy the requirement for commercial applications.Furthermore,the ten-sile strength of TPU/CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-2.0/CF achieved 43.2 MPa,and the ductility and toughness increased by 28.4%and 84.3%respectively compared to those of TPU/CF.Interfacial hydrogen bonding in combination with catalytic carbonization of CP-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets and continuous conductive network of CF were re-sponsible for the superior fire safety,excellent EMI shielding and outstanding mechanical performances.This work offers a promising strategy to prepare multifunctional TPU-based nanocomposites,which have the potential for large-scale application in the fields of electronics,electrical equipment and 5 G facilities.

关键词： Hierarchical structure fire safety Electromagnetic interference shielding Mechanical strength and toughness Air assisted thermocompression

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Carbon Fibers Decorated by Polyelectrolyte Complexes toward Their Epoxy Resin Composites with High fire safety

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2018年第12期36卷 1375-1384页

作者： Xiao-Hui Shi Li Chen Bo-Wen Liu Jia-Wei Long Ying-Jun Xu Yu-Zhong Wang School of Chemical Engineering National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan) State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China

The achievement of both robust fire-safety and mechanical properties is of vital requirement for carbon fiber （CF） composites. To this end, a facile interracial strategy for fabricating flame-retardant carbon fibers decorated by bio-based polyelectrolyte complexes （PEC） consisting of chitosan （CH） and ammonium polyphosphate （APP） was developed, and its corresponding fire-retarded epoxy resin composites （EP/（PEC@CF）） without any other additional flame retardants were prepared. The decorated CFs were characterized by SEM- EDX, XPS and XRD, indicating that the flame-retardant PEC coating was successfully constructed on the surface of CF. Thanks to the nitrogen- and phosphorous-containing PEC, the resulting composites exhibited excellent flame retardancy as the limiting oxygen index （LOI） increased from 31.0% of EP/CF to 40.5% and UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved with only 8.1 wt% PEC. EP/（PEC8.1@CF） also performed well in cone calorimetry with the decrease of peak-heat release rate （PHRR） and smoke production rate （SPR） by 50.0% and 30.4%, respectively, and the value of fire growth rate （FIGRA） was also reduced to 3.41 kW·m-2- s-1 from 4.84 kW· m-2· s-1, suggesting a considerably enhanced fire safety. Furthermore, SEM images of the burning residues revealed that the PEC coating exhibited the dominant flame-retardant activity in condensed phase via the formation of compact phosphorus-rich char. In addition, the impact strength of the composite was improved, together with no obvious deterioration of flexural properties and glass transition temperature. Taking advantage of the features, the PEC-decorated carbon fibers and the relevant composites fabricated by the cost-effective and facile strategy would bring more chances for widespread applications.

关键词： fire safety Carbon fiber composites Epoxy resin Polyelectrolyte complexes

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Recent Progress in Two-dimensional Nanomaterials Following Graphene for Improving fire safety of Polymer(Nano)composites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第8期39卷 935-956,I0004页

作者： Wei Cai Bi-Bo Wang Xin Wang Yu-Lu Zhu Zhao-Xin Li Zhou-Mei Xu Lei Song Wei-Zhao Hua Yuan Hua State Key Laboratory of fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230000China Suzhou Advanced Research Institute University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215000China

The high fire safety of polymer nanocomposites is being pursued by research institutions around the world.In addition to intrinsic flame retardancy strategy,the additive-type flame retardants have attracted increasing attention due to low commercial cost and easy fabrication craft.However,traditional additive-type flame retardants usually need high addition amount to achieve a desirable effect which causes many side-effects on the overall performance of polymer materials,such as deteriorated mechanical property and processability.At present two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have also been applied to reduce the fire hazards of polymer(nano)composites with the coupling of barrier function and catalysis as well as carbonization effect.Even though most research work mainly focus on graphene-based flame retardants,more emerging two-dimensional nanomaterials are taking away research attention,due to their complementary and unique properties,mainly including hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),molybdenum disulfide(MoS2),metal organic frameworks(MOF),carbon nitride(CN),titanium carbide(MXene)and black phosphorene(BP).In this review,except for graphene,the flame retardant mechanism involving different layered nanomaterials are also reviewed.Meanwhile,the functionalization method and flame retardancy effect of different layered nanomaterials are emphatically discussed for offering an effective reference to solve the fire hazards of polymer materials.Moreover,this work objectively evaluates the practical significance of polymer/layered nanomaterials composites for industrial application.

关键词： Polymer(nano)composites Layered nanomaterials fire safety Flame retardant mechanism

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Application of Computer Integration Technology for fire safety Analysis

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 387-392页

作者：史健勇李引擎陈虎传 Department of Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Building fire Research China Academy of Building Research

With the development of information technology, the fire safety assessment of whole structure or region based on the computer simulation has become a hot topic. However, traditionally, the concerned studies are performed separately for different objectives and difficult to perform an overall evaluation. A new multi-dimensional integration model and methodology for fire safety assessment were presented and two newly developed integrated systems were introduced to demonstrate the function of integration simulation technology in this paper. The first one is the analysis on the fire-resistant behaviors of whole structure under real fire loads. The second one is the study on fire evaluation and emergency rescue of campus based on geography information technology (GIS). Some practical examples are presented to illuminate the advantages of computer integration technology on fire safety assessment and emphasize some problems in the simulation. The results show that the multi-dimensional integration model offers a new way and platform for the integrating fire safety assessment of whole structure or region, and the integrated software developed is the useful engineering tools for cost-saving and safe design.

关键词： fire simulation large space building fire safety steel structure integrated system

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Smoke Alarms for Informal Settlements: Monitoring and Challenges from a Large‑Scale Community Rollout in Cape Town, South Africa

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 936-947页

作者： Robyn Pharoah Patricia Zweig Richard Walls Rodney Eksteen Research Alliance for Disaster and Risk Reduction(RADAR) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa fire Engineering Research Unit(fireSUN) Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7602South Africa College of Engineering Architecture and TechnologyOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

This article presents the findings of a pilot project to test the large-scale rollout of smoke alarms in an informal community in Cape Town, South Africa. The work provides novel insight into the effectiveness and challenges associated with using smoke detectors in low-income communities. Technical details and detector considerations are also provided that will assist in enhancing future interventions.The project installed 1200 smoke detection devices in TRA informal settlement in the suburb of Wallacedene, in the City of Cape Town, and monitored their effectiveness for a period of 12 months. The monitoring showed that there were 11 real activations, where the presence of the devices likely saved lives and homes. The project also identified a series of challenges, especially in relation to nuisance alarms,where everyday household emissions, dust, and insect ingress caused false alarms, leading some participants to uninstall devices. The findings of the pilot study suggest that although smoke detectors could provide a valuable tool for reducing the frequency and impact of informal settlement fires in South Africa and elsewhere, they need to be adapted to meet the specific needs and conditions encountered in informal dwellings. Modifications, such as adjusting device sensitivity,preventing dust and insect ingress and tailoring devices to everyday conditions, will be essential to make smoke alarms more suitable and effective in the future. Smoke alarms could become an important component of low-income community fire safety if such challenges can be addressed.

关键词： fire safety Informal dwellings Smoke alarms South Africa

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fire Detection Algorithm Based on an Improved Strategy of YOLOv5 and Flame Threshold Segmentation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5639-5657页

作者： Zhao Yuchen Wu Shulei Wang Yaoru Chen Huandong Zhang Xianyao Zhao Hongwei School of Information Science and Technology Hainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Due to the rapid growth and spread of fire,it poses a major threat to human life and property.Timely use of fire detection technology can reduce disaster losses.The traditional threshold segmentation method is unstable,and the flame recognition methods of deep learning require a large amount of labeled data for training.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a new method combining You Only Look Once version 5(YOLOv5)network model and improved flame segmentation algorithm.On the basis of the traditional color space threshold segmentation method,the original segmentation threshold is replaced by the proportion threshold,and the characteristic information of the flame is maximally retained.In the YOLOv5 network model,the training module is set by combining the ideas of Bootstrapping and cross validation,and the data distribution of YOLOv5 network training is adjusted.At the same time,the feature information after segmentation is added to the data set.Different from the training method that uses large-scale data sets for model training,the proposed method trains the model on the basis of a small data set,and achieves better model detection results,and the detection accuracy of the model in the validation set reaches 0.96.Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect flame features with faster speed and higher accuracy compared with the original method.

关键词： YOLOv5 fire safety deep learning flame detection

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Pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread characteristics of the railway train carriages:A review of development

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2023年第6期4卷 743-759页

作者： Jidan Zhang Wenhui Ji Zhongyuan Yuan Yanping Yuan School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

fires in the railway trains are prone to cause large numbers of casualties,serious economic losses,and huge negative social impacts.The railway train carriage is a special confined built environment,where the pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread process are different from those fire accidents in open space.Identifying the fire characteristics of the railway train carriages is the key issue to determine the fire prevention and control strategy.Therefore,this paper attempts to assess and identify the characteristics of pyrolysis,combustion,and fire spread of railway trains based on the exising research.This review documents the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of single train material and the combustible module,summarizes the heat release rate(HRR)calculation methods and the HRR profile for different types of trains,as well as introduces the research progress in the flame spread and flashover.The main gaps and issues to be solved in terms of the effects of train speed,altitudes,and application of new energy trains are further discussed.

关键词： fire safety Railway trains Pyrolysis Heat release rate fire spread Flashover

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Research on Comprehensive Evaluation for fire safety of High-Rise Buildings

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation for Fire Safety of High...

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2004安全科学与技术国际会议

作者： WU Lizhi1 2 DUAN Yaoyong2 GAO Yinmin1 & ZHAO Minxue2 (1 School of Management & Economics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China) (2 Department of fire Protection Engineering Armed Police Force Academy Langfang 065000 Hebei China)

With the continuous development of economy and building technology, there are more and more high-rise buildings in our country. Therefore, the fire safety of high-rise buildings becomes a tedious work

关键词： high-rise building index system evaluation method fire safety fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

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