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Effect of Bio-Based Organic‒Inorganic Hybrid Hydrogels on fire prevention of Spontaneous Combustion of Coals

Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 3991-4006页

作者： Hu Shi Wei Cai Xin Wang Lei Song Yuan Hu State Key Laboratory of fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

To solve the fire accidents caused by coal combustion,this work prepared four hybrid hydrogel materials using bio-based polymers,flame retardants,and inorganic materials.Compared to pure water and 3.5 wt%MgCl_(2)solution,the as-prepared hydrogel presents good fire prevention performance.In addition,it is found that CO and CO_(2)are not produced by coal when the pyrolysis temperature is lower than 200℃.During low-temperature pyrolysis,CO is more likely to be produced than CO_(2),indicating inadequate pyrolysis behavior.At the same time,the addition of fire-preventing hydrogel can not only decrease the maximum CO_(2)concentration before the critical temperature but also prolong the corresponding time.In addition,based on the cone calorimeter test,the inhibition effects of pure water,magnesium chloride solution,and four hybrid hydrogels on heat release behavior are evaluated.It is demonstrated that different dosages of different hydrogels affected the fire prevention effect.Phosphorous-modified cellulose/silica and carrageenan/DMMP/vermiculite composite hydrogels have the weakest fire prevention effect at 20 g,which is weaker than that of water.However,the fire prevention effect of carrageenan/DMMP/vermiculite composite hydrogels exceeded that of water at 40 and 60 g.Additionally,the fire prevention effect of the sodium alginate/sepiolite/ammonium polyphosphate composite hydrogel is most significant in common tests,attributed to the intumescent flame retardant system.

关键词： Organic‒inorganic hybrid hydrogels fire prevention coal combustion

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Assessing the effects of alternative fuel treatments to reduce wildfire exposure

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 373-386页

作者： Roghayeh Jahdi Liliana Del Giudice Massimo Melis Raff aella Lovreglio Michele Salis Bachisio Arca Pierpaolo Duce Institute of BioEconomy(CNR IBE) National Research Council of ItalySassariItaly Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliArdabilIran Sardinia Forest Service LanuseiItaly Department of Agriculture University of SassariSassariItaly

Effective landscape-scale fuel management strategies are essential for reducing wildfire risk in Mediterranean fire-prone areas.In this study,the minimum travel time(MTT)fire-spread algorithm as implemented in FlamMap was applied to assess the potential of alternative fuel treatments for lowering wildfire losses in a 5,740-ha study area in eastern Sardinia,Italy.Twenty-seven wildfires at 10-m resolution were simulated considering three wind speeds(15,18,and 21 km h-1)to compare fuel treatments:no treatment(NT),irrigated agroforestry areas with shrub clearing(T1),prescribed fire in eucalyptus stands(T2),and irrigated grasslands(T3).The simulations replicated a recent large wildfire that occurred in the study area(Orrìwildfire,2019)and considered the weather and fuel moisture conditions associated with this event.The average wildfire exposure outputs(burned area,probability of burning,conditional flame length,potential crown fire occurrence,and surfaces withflame lengths above 2.5 m)decreased after fuel treatments,compared to no treatment.T1 was the most effective strategy in mitigating wildfire hazards and provided the most significant performance for several wildfire exposure indicators.Treating only 0.5%of the study area(~30 ha)resulted in a decrease in all wildfire exposure metrics to~10%within the study area.In addition,the total surface characterized by high flame length(average>2.5 m)was the lowest in the T1 treatment.This study can help land and fire managers optimize fuel treatment opportunities and wildfire risk mitigation strategies in Mediterranean areas.

关键词： Fuel treatment strategies fire prevention Mediterranean areas Minimum travel time(MTT) Wildfi re exposure

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