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Fire hazard in transportation infrastructure:Review,assessment,and mitigation strategies

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第1期15卷 46-60页

作者： Venkatesh KODUR M.Z.NASER Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824-1226USA Glenn Department of Civil Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

This paper reviews the fire problem in critical transportation infrastructures such as bridges and tunnels.The magnitude of the fire problem is illustrated,and the recent increase in fire problems in bridges and tunnels is highlighted.Recent research undertaken to address fire problems in transportation structures is reviewed,as well as critical factors governing the performance of those structures.Furthermore,key strategies recommended for mitigating Fire hazards in bridges and tunnels are presented,and their applicability to practical situations is demonstrated through a practical case study.Furthermore,research needs and emerging trends for enhancing the“state-of-the-art”in this area are discussed.

关键词： Fire hazard bridges tunnels fire resistance mitigation strategies transportation infrastructure

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Effect of flow rates of gases flowing through a coal bed during coal heating and cooling on concentrations of gases emitted and Fire hazard assessment

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第1期7卷 107-121页

作者： Marek Wieckowski Natalia Howaniec Adam Smolinski Department of Mining Aerology Central Mining InstitutePlac Gwarkow 140-166 KatowicePoland Department of Energy Saving and Air Protection Central Mining InstitutePlac Gwarkow 140-166 Katowice.Poland Central Mining Institute Plac Gwarkow 1.40-166 KatowicePoland

The flow velocity of gases in gobs directly influences the kinetics and intensity of gaseous components release during heating and cooling of coal.The assessment of Fire hazard is performed on the basis of concentrations of particular gases in a mine air.These concentrations differ in coal heating and cooling phase which was proven in the study.This paper presented the results of the experimental study on temperature distribution in a simulated coal bed in heating(50–250°C)and cooling(250–35°C)phases as well as its correlation to variations in concentration of gases released in these phases and flow rates of gases flowing through the coal bed.The research was performed on twenty-two samples of bituminous coals acquired from various coal beds of Polish coal mines.Considerable differences were observed between heating and cooling phases in terms of the concentrations of gases taken into account in calculations of self-combustion index.In the heating phase temperature increase resulted in the decrease of concentrations ratios of ethane,ethylene,propane,propylene and acetylene,while in the cooling phase these ratios increased systemically.The effect of air(in heating phase)and nitrogen(in cooling phase)flow rate on the self-ignition index CO/CO2 was also determined.

关键词： Coal Self-heating Fire hazard Flow rate

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Analysis of Fire hazard and Protection in Ancient Buildings:The Case of Hangzhou

Analysis of Fire Hazard and Protection in Ancient Buildings:...

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第三届教学管理与课程建设学术会议

作者： Quansheng Kang 1 , Zhenming Li 1 , Lili Zhao 1 , Yanneng Chen 1 , Xiaoge Zhen 1 1 Institute of Safety Engineering Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China

Ancient buildings are great treasures for our nation, and it is important to be prevented from damaged by fire accidents. Since they are complex in construction and often built far from the town with particular buildings materials, the fire development on them is very different from normal buildings. In this paper, the ancient buildings of important historical and heritage value in Hangzhou were investigated through fire risk analysis method. The fire threat of ancient buildings is discussed and analyzed based on the present situation of ignition source control, fire control facilities, evacuation installations and fire protection management. The various factors that affect the level of fire risk of ancient buildings are analyzed by a qualitative fire risk assessment method. A series of remedial measures are proposed for fire prevention and control of ancient buildings, such as control of combustible, removing the Fire hazards, fire fighting strategy and fire protection management.

关键词： ancient building Fire hazard safety potential fire prevention measures

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Review and discussion on fire behavior of bridge girders

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第3期9卷 422-446页

作者： Gang Zhang Xiaocui Zhao Zelei Lu Chaojie Song Xuyang Li Chenhao Tang School of Highway Chang’an UniversityXi'an 710064China

This paper presents an overview on fire behavior of bridge girders mainly including prestressed concrete(PC) bridge girders and steel bridge girders. The typical fire accidents occurred on bridges are illustrated and, the seriousness of posing threats to bridge structures resulted from increasing traffic fires, specially intense hydrocarbon fires generated from petrol-chemicals, is highlighted. The current researches, embracing high-temperature properties of constituent materials, prestress state, measurement in fire tests, numerical methods, structural fire resistance, and so forth, taken on coping with problems existing in fire behavior and structural fire behavior in bridge girders are reviewed and discussed. Further, strategies for enhancing fire resistance of bridge girders followed with failure criterion and mode in types of bridge structures are provided. Future research area along with emerging trends in structural fire behavior of bridge girders is also recommended for mitigating Fire hazards occurred on bridge girders. Herein, it can be attained a conclusion from review and discussion that prestressed concrete bridge girders with thin webs, specially T-shaped bridge girder, are prone to unstable under fire exposure conditions. High-strength concrete utilized in prestressed concrete bridge girders is vulnerable to spalling at elevated temperature. Steel-truss bridge girder present a more significant fragility to fire exposure compared than other steel bridge girders.

关键词： Bridge engineering fire behavior Prestressed concrete bridge girder Steel bridge girder fire resistance Fire hazard

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Investigation on fire Protection System of Highrise Buildings in the Context of Bir Uttam Aminul Haque Avenue in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第8期14卷 301-319页

作者： Nazmul Ahmed Roni Sharmin Sultana Mian Md Jawad Ibne Iqbal Department of Architecture Primeasia University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Architecture Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Rapid high-rise building construction of different occupancies is becoming popular in Dhaka due to its economic gain and functional flexibility. fire prevention poses a significant difficulty to this type of construction due to its complexity and economic worth as well. Therefore, construction of high-rise building without following the proper fire safety measures, is a common practice at present in the city and it poses a greater threat to urban life considering its associated loss. Even though, most of the owners or authorities do not respect the construction code and the majority of them lack sufficient awareness and basic fire control knowledge and practice. More often, they are unable to comprehend the magnitude and severity of severe Fire hazards, and recognize the causes and implementing effective mitigation measures are rare. As a result, the number of Fire hazard in high-rise construction is increasing day by day. Hence, investigating the present condition of high-rise buildings (already built) in terms of fire Protection System is imperative to prevent the upcoming Fire hazard. An urban chunk of 33 plots along with Bir Uttam Aminul Haque Avenue, located in Banani, has been chosen for the study area considering its vulnerability to Fire hazard. Among these buildings, STAR Tower and HBR Tower, these two high-rise buildings are assessed thoroughly using FRI (fire Risk Index) Method. The method is semi-quantitative in nature with seventeen parameters associated with fire protection. This assessment represents a scenario in what extent fire codes are being followed in the selected area. It concludes that most of the buildings lack in providing protection against Fire hazards for not following the code strictly. This research provides some recommendations which can be followed to improve the fire safety measures in this existing context. It is expected that this research could be a unique addition to firefighting knowledge by contributing to mitigating the consequences of fire related hazards in any densely p

关键词： Fire hazard fire Safety High-Rise Buildings fire Protection fire Risk Index

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Application and Research of the MapX Integrated technology on the fire Protection Attempering Commend Management

Application and Research of the MapX Integrated technology o...

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第二届中国卫星导航学术年会

作者： Bin yang~1,Jiang-dong wei~2 1.College of environment and resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,China 2.The Urumchi fire prevention Crew Special service Squadron,Xinjiang fire protection division,Urumqi,China

＜正＞With the fast development of our economy and society,the existing fire attemper commanding Management cannot meet the needs of the fire development.It integrates the ComGIS technology of MapX to the fire attemper commanding Management,combining the data supplement of the fire alarm accepting system.It offers the bran-new resolvent and technology project.Visual Basic and MapX are used to integrate the fire protection attemper commanding Management Information system,adopting the Oracle 9i as the database foundation of the system.The system combines the fire alarm accepting system to the nice orientation and the recourse project.It is the new modernized approach in the fire protection attemper commanding management.

关键词： MapX Attemper command Data communication Fire hazard Integrated empolder

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