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Optimal PV Array Configuration for Extracting Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions by Mitigating Mismatching Power Losses

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 499-510页

作者： Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla Suresh Mikkili the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Goa403401India

The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV array.The power generation capability of the PV array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the PV array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the PV modules.Based on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar PV array configurations under various partial shading scenarios.The performance of all PV configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading scenarios.The performance of the considered PV configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit currents.The above-mentioned PV configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.

关键词： Photo voltaic(PV) PV array configurations triple-tied(TT) maximum power point(MPP) partial shading mismatching power losses fill factor efficiency

Performance Investigation of Hybrid and Conventional PV Array Configurations for Grid-connected/Standalone PV Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 682-695页

作者： Praveen Kumar Bonthagorla Suresh Mikkili Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of TechnologyGoaIndia

Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy efficient.One of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in power output not only depends on a shaded region but also depends on the pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the array.Due to PSCs,mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage(P-V)characteristics.The series-parallel(SP),total-cross-tied(TCT),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),and triple-tied(TT)configurations are considered as conventional configurations,which are severely affected by PSCs and generate more mismatch power losses along with a greater number of local peaks.To reduce the effect of PSCs,hybrid PV array configurations,such as series-parallel:total-cross-tied(SP-TCT),bridge-link:total-cross-tied(BL-TCT),honey-comb:total-cross-tied(HC-TCT)and bridge-link:honey-comb(BL-HC)are proposed.This paper briefly discusses the modeling,simulation and performance evaluation of hybrid and conventional 7×7 PV array configurations during different PSCs in a Matlab/Simulink environment.The performance of hybrid and conventional PV configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power(GMP),voltage and currents at GMP,open and short circuit voltage and currents,mismatch power loss(MPL),fill factor,efficiency,and a number of local maximum power peaks(LMPPs).

关键词： fill factor global maximum power(GMP) hybrid PV array configuration maximum power point(MPP) mismatch power loss(MPL) partial shading triple-tied(TT)

Efficient Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cells with 79% fill factor using two-step annealing

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Efficient Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cells with 79% fill factor us...

A Novel Triple-tied-cross-linked PV Array Configuration with Reduced Number of Cross-ties to Extract Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions

第七届新型太阳能电池材料科学与技术学术研讨会

作者： Rujun Sun Daming Zhuang Ming Zhao Ning Zhang Qianming Gong Yaowei Wei Guoan Ren Yixuan Wu Jinquan Wei School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Key Lab for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Ministry of Education Beijing SiFang Crenergy Photoelectronic Technology Co LTD

A processing based on CZTS or CZTSe quaternary target sputtering has been developed as alternative one [1-2].As the as-deposited precursor is usually crystallinity-poor and sulfur-poor,heat treatment,typically selenization or sulfurization,is adopted to enhance grain growth,supplement chalcogen and tune Se/S ratio [3].In this work,CZTSeS absorbers were prepared by sputtering with CZTS targets followed by selenization under Ar carried H2 Se gas.It is found that additional holding plateau changed grain size and phase distribution along depth direction of films during heating,thus a different coverage of CZTSeS grains on Mo layer.Using two-step annealing,CZTSeS absorbers with uniform grains and completed coverage on Mo layer are obtained and a FF as high as 79% is achieved.The energy band diagram at CZTSeS/Mo interface for high-FF solar cell is proposed.This work highlights great potential for sputtering processing based on quaternary target and demonstrates that fill factor of 79 % can be experimentally achieved in CZTSeS solar cells.

关键词： Kesterite solar cells fill factor Two-step annealing Quaternary target

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第3期7卷 567-581页

作者： Tejavathu Ramesh Kandipati Rajani Anup Kumar Panda Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaIndia Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology Andhra PradeshIndia

Partial shadings cause output power reduction from Photovoltaic(PV)arrays due to mismatch losses.The selection of PV array configurations play a vital role in maximum power generation.This paper proposes a novel Triple-Tied-Cross-Linked(T-T-C-L)configuration to extract maximum power with a lesser number of cross ties than a Total-Cross-Tied(T-C-T)configuration.The performance of the proposed T-T-C-L configuration has been compared with various conventional PV array configurations,such as Series(S),Parallel(P),Series-Parallel(S-P),Bridge-Link(B-L),Honey-Comb(H-C),and T-C-T under Partial Shading Conditions(PSCs)by considering the 9×9 PV array.The PSCs considered are uneven row,column,diagonal,random,short&narrow,short&wide,long&narrow,long&wide shadings and uniform half module shading.The measures,such as open circuit voltage,short circuit current,maximum power,voltages and currents at maximum power,mismatch losses,fill factor and efficiency have been used for performance analysis of various configurations.From the results,it can be concluded that the performance of the proposed T-T-C-L configuration is optimal compared to other configurations.

关键词： Efficiency fill factor maximum power point mismatch losses partial shading conditions PV array configurations triple-tied-cross-linked

Improving poor fill factors for solar cells via light-induced plating

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第9期33卷 78-81页

作者：邢钊贾锐丁武昌孟彦龙金智刘新宇 Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Silicon solar cells are prepared following the conventional fabrication processes, except for the metal- lization firing process. The cells are divided into two groups with higher and lower fill factors, respectively. After light-induced plating （LIP）, the fill factors of the solar cells in both groups with different initial values reach the same level. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） images are taken under the bulk silver electrodes, which prove that the improvement for cells with a poor factor after LIP should benefit from sufficient exploitation of the high density silver crystals formed during the firing process. Moreover, the application of LIP to cells with poor electrode contact performance, such as nanowire cells and radial junction solar cells, is proposed.

关键词： solar cells light-induced plating fill factor silver crystal

Maximum Power Enhancement Under Partial Shadings Using a Modified Sudoku Reconfiguration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1187-1201页

作者： Kandipati Rajani Tejavathu Ramesh the Electrical Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Andhra PradeshWest Godavari-534101India

Partial shading is one of the important factors in reducing maximum power generation from PV(Photovoltaic)arrays.Maximum power generation can be improved by selecting a PV array through a Total-Cross-Tied(T-C-T)connection.However,maximum power generated from T-C-T can still be improved by distribution of shading over various rows.Due to distribution of shading,the current entering the node increases and results in improved maximum power generation.This can be done effectively by using Sudoku reconfiguration techniques.These techniques are economical,since they don’t require any sensors and switching networks.This technique only changes the physical location of the PV panel but the electrical connection between the panels remains the same.This paper proposes a Modified Sudoku reconfiguration pattern which enhances the maximum power from the T-C-T connected PV array.Furthermore,the theoretical calculation of row current and power output have been done for existing and proposed topologies under various shading patterns.The performance of the proposed pattern has been analyzed and compared using specifications,such as Global Maximum Power(GMP),fill factor(FF),mismatch losses,and efficiency.From the results,it can be concluded that the Modified Sudoku reconfiguration enhances the GMP under all shading conditions.

关键词： Efficiency fill factor global maximum power point mismatch losses partial shadings PV array reconfiguration shading patterns sudoku and total-cross-tied

A high speed 1000 fps CMOS image sensor with low noise global shutter pixels

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 235-242页

作者： ZHOU YangFan CAO ZhongXiang QIN Qi LI QuanLiang SHI Cong WU NanJian State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences

A low read noise 8T global shutter pixel for high speed CMOS image sensor is proposed in this paper.The pixel has a pixel level sample-and-hold circuit and an in-pixel amplifier whose gain is larger than one.Using pixel level sample-and-hold circuit,the KTC noise on FD node can be effectively cancelled by correlated double sampling operation.The in-pixel amplifier with a gain larger than one is employed for reducing the pixel level sample-and-hold capacitors thermal noise and their geometric size.A high speed 1000 fps 256×256 CMOS image sensor based on the pixel is implemented in 0.18μm CMOS process.The chip active area is 5 mm×7 mm with a pixel size of 14μm×14μm.The developed sensor achieves a read noise level as low as 14.8e-while attaining a high fill factor of 40%.The full well capacity can contain 30840e-and the resulting signal dynamic range is 66 dB.

关键词： global shutter CDS low noise fill factor high speed image sensor

Investigation of the Behavior of a Photovoltaic Cell under Concentration as a Function of the Temperature of the Base and a Variable External Magnetic Field in 3D Approximation

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2023年第12期14卷 209-220页

作者： Boubacar Soro Adama Ouedraogo Mahamadi Savadogo Ramatou Konate Guyserge Tchouadep Martial Zoungrana Sié Kam Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies Department of Physics Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institutdes Sciences et Technologie Ecole Normale Supérieure Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The photovoltaic (PV) cell performances are connected to the base photogenerated carriers charge. Some studies showed that the quantity of the photogenerated carriers charge increases with the increase of the solar illumination. This situation explains the choice of concentration PV cell (C = 50 suns) in this study. However, the strong photogeneration of the carriers charge causes a high heat production by thermalization, collision and carriers charge braking due to the electric field induced by concentration gradient. This heat brings the heating of the PV cell base. That imposes the taking into account of the temperature influence in the concentrator PV cell operation. Moreover, with the proliferation of the magnetic field sources in the life space, it is important to consider its effect on the PV cell performances. Thus, when magnetic field and base temperature increase simultaneously, we observe a deterioration of the photovoltage, the electric power, the space charge region capacity, the fill factor and the conversion efficiency. However the photocurrent increases when the base temperature increases and the magnetic field strength decreases. It appears an inversion phenomenon in the evolution of the electrical parameters as a function of magnetic field for the values of magnetic field B> 4×10-4 T.

关键词： Thermalization Base Temperature Magnetic Field fill factor Efficiency Space Charge Region Capacity

The Character of Molecular Beam epitaxial GaSb Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells

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红外与激光工程 2021年

作者： ZhengDa-Nong SuXiang-Bin XuYing-Qiang NiuZhi-Chuan StateKeyLaboratoryforSuperlatticesandMicrostructures InstituteofSemiconductorsChineseAcademyofSciences CollegeofMaterialsScienceandOpto-ElectronicTechnology UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences

In this paper, GaSb thermophotovoltaic cells were epitaxially grown on GaSb substrates by the Molecular Beam Epitaxy （MBE） method. And two kinds of GaSb TPV cells with 1x1cm dimensions that have different electrode shape were fabricated. The quality of epilayers is good which shown in the surface morphology characterized by AFM. The root mean square （RMS） of surface morphology is only 1.5?. Device characteristics including open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, external quantum efficiencies, fill factor and dark current density of the TPV cells were measured and compared. Under solar simulation the TPV cells exhibit an open-circuit voltage of 0.303V and a short-circuit current density of 27.1mA/cm;. Compared with the TPV cell that has a simple electrode, the TPV cell that has the grating electrode shows better performance in short circuit current density and fill factor. Under infrared light illumination, the TPV cell with a granting electrode exhibits an optimal fill factor of 56.8%.

关键词： GaSb thermophotovoltaic(TPV) Open-circuit voltage Short-circuit current density fill factor