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Morphological Study of ficus deltoidea Jack in Malaysia

Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2013年第2期3卷 144-150页

作者： Nor Asiah Awang Sayed M.Zain Hasan Mohammad Shafie B.Shafie Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agrotechnology and Food Science Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) 21030 KualaTerengganu Terengganu Malaysia

ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being don

关键词： ficus deltoidea cluster analysis diversity morphological variability principal component analysis

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Anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of ficus deitoidea var. deltoidea and var. angustifolia on 3T3-L1 adipocytes

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2014年第3期15卷 295-302页

作者： Shiau Mei WOON Yew Wei SENG Anna Pick Kiong LING Soi Moi CHYE Rhun Yian KOH School of Pharmacy International Medical University Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Human Biology International Medical University Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

Objective： This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of extracts of ficus deltoidea var. deltoidia and var. angustifolia, a natural slimming aid, on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods： Methanol and water extracts of leaves of the F. deltoidea varieties were analyzed to determine their total flavonoid content （TFC） and total phenolic content （TPC）, respectively. The study was initiated by determining the maximum non-toxic dose （MNTD） of the methanol and water extracts for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Possible anti-adipogenic effects were then examined by treating 2-d post confluent 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with either methanol extract or water extract at MNTD and half MNTD （1/2MNTD）, after which the preadipocytces were induced to form mature adipocytes. Visualisation and quantification of lipid content in mature adipocytes were carried out through oil red O staining and measurement of optical density （OD） at 520 nm, respec- tively. Results： The TFCs of the methanol extracts were 1.36 and 1.97 g quercetin equivalents （QE）/100 g dry weight （DW）, while the TPCs of the water extracts were 5.61 and 2.73 g gallic acid equivalents （GAE）/100 g DW for var. deltoidea and var. angustilofia, respectively. The MNTDs determined for methanol and water extracts were （300.0±28.3） and （225.0±21.2） μg/ml, respectively, for var. deltoidea, while much lower MNTDs [（60.0±2.0） IJg/ml for methanol extracts and （8.0＋1.0） μg/ml for water extracts] were recorded for var. angustifolia. Studies revealed that the methanol extracts of both varieties and the water extracts of var. angustifolia at either MNTD or 1/2MNTD significantly inhibited the maturation of preadipocytes. Conclusions： The inhibition of the formation of mature adipocytes indicated that leaf extracts of F. deltoidea could have potential anti-obesity effects.

关键词： Ad Dogenesis ficus deltoidea Flavonoids Natural products Obesity

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Tabletting Characteristics of the Selected Malaysian Herbs

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2013年第5期3卷 255-266页

作者： Yus Aniza Yusof Chin Nyuk Ling Mohd Shamsul Anuar Sobah Ahmad Rohaiza Abdullah Che Rodiziah Md Nor Mohammad Gulzarul Aziz Department of Process and Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang SelangorMalaysia Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

This work describes a study of tabletting of selected Malaysian herbs such as Eurycoma longifolia Jack, ficus deltoidea and Morinda citrifolia. These herbs are famous for their therapeutic properties and are used as herbal medicine or as medicinal food. A cylindrical uniaxial die of 13 mm was used to compress the herb powders into tablets. Pressures ranging from 7.5 MPa to 75 MPa were applied using a universal testing machine. Two feed weights, 0.5 g and 1.0 g, were used to produce the tablets. A binder, the microcrystalline cellulose known as Avicel, was used to investigate its effect on tabletting. Properties associated with both the binder and the compounds were studied, and binary mixtures with compositions ranging from 10% to 60% were examined. The strength of the herb tablets was then tested using an indirect tensile strength test. Upon compression, the Morinda citrifolia powder showed the highest density compared to that of Avicel. However, due to its high elasticity, the tensile strength of the Morinda citrifolia tablet was the lowest. The experimental data were also verified using an established model for compression property development. The results indicated that this simple approach can be used to understand the tabletting characteristics of these herbs.

关键词： Eurycoma longifolia Jack ficus deltoidea Morinda citrifolia tabletting tensile strength

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