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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第6期49卷 546-557页

作者： Rhett D.HARRISON Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences

Studies on the evolution of tropical taxa emphasize the role of vicariance and the break-up of Gondwana in explaining modern *** studies on figs(ficus spp.)support this *** the current study,we used an expanded sample(208 spp.)and improved molecular dating techniques to reconstruct the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of *** with previous studies,our biogeographic analysis indicated that the ancestor of ficus was present in ***,a relaxed clock analysis relying on uncorrelated rates in BEAST suggested that the Neotropical section Pharmacosycea split-off in South America 86.67 Mya,and that other ficus lineage ancestors originated in *** of the basal lineages appeared to have diverged following KT extinction,then rapidly diversified after India collided with continental *** Afrotropical species most likely evolved initially in the Indian subcontinent then dispersed to Africa,either in the late Cretaceous of Madagascar or even later,following the Eocene collision of India with *** Neotropical section Americana,either islandhopped to South America or took a northern route to the Americas through Europe prior to the terminal Eocene global cooling *** may have arrived in eastern Malesia following the collision of India with Asia,then widely dispersed *** the wide ranges in our date estimates,several other scenarios are ***,contrary to earlier reports,our analyses suggest that vicariance played a relatively minor role compared with ecological opportunity and dispersal in the diversification of genus ficus.

关键词： biogeographic history evolution ficus molecular phylogeny vicariance.

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of ficus in northern Thailand

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第10期9卷 835-841页

作者： Hong-kai WANG Kevin D. HYDE Kasem SOYTONG Fu-cheng LIN Biotechnology Institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Fungal Research Group School of Science Mae Fah Luang University Tasud Chiang Rai 571000 Thailand Faculty of Agricultural TechnologT King Mongkut＇s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand

Fallen leaves of ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed.

关键词： ficus Fallen leaves Saprobes Fungal diversity

An efficient in vitro shoot regeneration through direct organogenesis from seedling-derived petiole and leaf segments and acclimatization of ficus religiosa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 807-815页

作者： Mohsen Hesami Mohammad Hosein Daneshvar Mohsen Yoosefzadeh-Najafabadi Department of Horticulture Science University of Tehran KarajAlborz 14176-14418Iran Department of Horticulture Science Ramin University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesAhwaz Khuzestan 63417-73637Iran

Prolific and rapid in vitro plant organogenesis via direct regeneration has been obtained from axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants of ficus religiosa in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins in combination with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine plus 0.15 mg/l IBA produced the highest shoot induction frequency with an average of 6.26 and 10.13 shoots per leaf and petiole explants, respectively. After 4 weeks, the highest root formation frequency (96.7%), root number (5.73), and root length (4.76 cm) were with MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l IBA plus 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid. In addition, the effect of four sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatments on acclimatization was also studied. Highest morphological traits such as survival rates, fresh and dry root weights as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase was achieved with 125 ppm SNP. The α-amino acid, proline, content was highest with this treatment while the highest H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) was in the controls. This study introduces a cost-effective, prolific, and efficient in vitro multiplication system to supply pharmaceutical and ornamental needs. It is the first report of an in vitro organogenesis protocol for F. religiosa by direct regeneration through axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants, which can be efficiently employed for the utilization of active biomolecules.

关键词： In vitro culture ficus religiosa Sodium nitroprusside Growth regulators Antioxidant enzymes Proline

Anatomical and Molecular Identification of Ornamental Plant ficus ***

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1329-1347页

作者： Abtisam Binnoubah Rim Hamdy Osama G.Ragab Ahmed M.El-Taher Ahmed Abou El-Yazied Fatmah A.Safhi Hala A.Elzilal Ashwaq T.Althobaiti Salha M.ALshamrani Diaa Abd El Moneim Ahmed El-Banhawy Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SabrathaSabratha999116Libya Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza12111Egypt Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science(Boys Branch)Al-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt Department of Agricultural Botany Faculty of AgricultureAl-Azhar UniversityCairo11884Egypt Department of Horticulture Faculty of AgricultureAin Shams UniversityCairo11566Egypt Department of Biology College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Science and Technology College of RanyahTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceUniversity of JeddahJeddah21959Saudi Arabia Department of Plant Production(Genetic Branch) Faculty of Environmental Agricultural SciencesArish UniversityEl-Arish45511Egypt Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia41522Egypt

This present study includes twelve species that represent the ficus genus,namely;aspera,carica,tinctoria ***,hirta,hispida,neriifolia,palmata,pumila,racemosa,septica,sur,and sycomorus,belonging to the Moraceae *** species samples were collected from various locations in *** study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage *** the identification and classification of taxa are highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves,the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of a comparison between the examined plants in the data *** study aims to contribute to the identification of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured *** characterization includes the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle;the number of palisade and spongy layers;crystals;secretory elements;lithocysts;the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with mechanical tissue,vascular system,and investigation of trichomes;on the other hand,in the current study,the phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S *** the analysis of all the available data,it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram.

关键词： ITS trichomes leaf anatomy ficus moraceae

Isolation of microsatellite loci in the pollinating fig wasp of ficus hispida, Ceratosolen solmsi

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Insect Science 2008年第4期15卷 303-306页

作者： Hao Yu Tong-Xin Zhang Hao-Yuan Hu Li-Ming Niu Hui Xiao Yan-Zhou Zhang Da-Wei Huang Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Plant Protection College Shandong Agricultural University Tai' an Shandong China

Microsatellite loci were isolated for Ceratosolen solmsi, pollinator of the dioecious ficus hispida. We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci based on the method of polymerase chain reaction isolation of microsatellite arrays （PIMA）. Enrichment of genomic libraries was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）. A subset of 38 positive clones was sequenced; 15 clones showed microsatellite loci. We tested 15 designed primer pairs and nine of them produced polymorphic amplification in 48 individual wasps collected from different fruits of the dioecious host fig ficus hispida in China. Among the 48 individuals, 49 alleles were obtained at the nine loci. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.357 and 0.634.

关键词： ficus fig wasp markers microsatellite loci polymorphism primers

Anticancer activity of Tephrosia purpurea and ficus religiosa using MCF 7 cell lines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第7期4卷 526-529页

作者： Vishal Gulecha Thangavel Sivakuma Nandha College of Pharmacy ErodeTamilnaduIndia

Objective:To investigate anticancer activity of different fractions of Tephrosia purpurea[TP] （Sharapunkha,Fabaceae） and ficus religiosa[FR]（Peepal,Moraceae）.Methods:The fractions of TP and FR were prepared and tested for in vitro anticancer activity using human MCF 7 cell line by trypan blue exclusion ***:The result showed that among all these fractions of *** and FRIII showed better anticancer activity compared to other *** IC50 value for TPI（152.4μM）,TPIII（158.71μM）.FRI（160.3μM） and for FRIII（222.7μM） was ***:The present study shows anticancer potential of TP and FR fractions in MCF 7 cell line.

关键词： Tephrosia purpurea ficus religiosa MCF 7 cell line trypan blue

Phytopharmacological evaluation and anti-asthmatic activity of ficus religiosa leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第8期4卷 642-644页

作者： Megha Kapoor Nidhi Jasani Niyati Acharya Sanjeev Acharya Vimal Kumar Department of Phytopharmaceuticals and Natural Products Institute of PharmacyNirma UniversityAhmedabad-382481India

Objective:To discuss phytopharmacological potential and anti-asthmatic activity of ficus religiosa(***)(L.).Methods:Fresh leaves of *** were obtained from Vastrapur Lake,Ahmedabad,and dried to obtain *** and acetylcholine were used to guinea pigs to establish bronchospasm *** in vivo study,the aqueous extract of *** leaves (AEFR) at doses of 150 and 300 mg/ kg was administrated to guinea pigs,and the broncho-protective activity of AEFR was compared with aminophylline at 25 mg/*** in in vitro study,and 10 g/mL,20 g/mL,30 g/mL of AEFRL was administrated to guinea pigs,respectively, and mast cell stabilizing activity of AEFR was compared with ketotifen at 10 g/***: In the in-vivo model,pre-treatment with aminophylline(25 mg/kg,ip.) could significantly delay the onset of histamine induced pre-convulsive dyspnea,compared with vehicle control. Administration of AEFRL(150 and 300 mg/kg,ip.) also produced significant effect on latency to develop histamine & acetylcholine induced pre-convulsive *** the mast cell stabilizing model,AEFRL at 10,20 and 30μg/mL could significantly increase the number of intact cells. Conclusions:It can be concluded that AEFRL is effective on histamine & acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea *** addition,AEFRL can potentiate the number of intact cells in the mast cell stabilizing model._____________________________________________________

关键词： ficus religiosa Peepal Anti-asthmatic Bronchodilator Mast cell stabilizing

Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of ficus racemosa against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 95-101页

作者： Kanayairam Velayutham Abdul Abdul Rahuman Govindasamy Rajakumar Selvaraj Mohana Roopan Gandhi Elango Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Sampath Marimuthu Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar Moorthy Iyappan Chinnadurai Siva Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products Post Graduate and Research Department of ZoologyC.Ahdul Hakeem CollegeMelvisharam-632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Organic Chemistry DivisionSchool of Advanced SciencesVIT UniversityVellore-632 014Tamil NaduIndia Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products Post Graduate and Research Department of ZoologyC.Abdul Hakeem CollegeMelvisharam-632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） utilizing aqueous bark extract of ficus racemosa（***） was tested against fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector,Culex quinquefasciatus（***） and japanese encephalitis vectors,Culex gelidus（***）.Methods:The synthesized Ag NPs was characterized by UV-vis spectrum,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and Fourier transform infrared（FTIR）.The larvicidal activities were assessed for 24 h against the larvae of *** and *** with varying concentrations of aqueous bark extract *** and synthesized Ag ***50 and r2 values were ***:The maximum efficacy was observed in crude aqueous extract of *** against the larvae of *** and ***(LC50=67.72 and 63.70 mg/L;r2=0.995 and 0.985) and the synthesized Ag NPs(LC50=12.00 and 11.21 mg/L;r2=0.997 and 0.990).*** Ag NPs showed the XRD peaks at 2θvalues of 27.61,29.60,35.48,43.48 and 79.68 were identified as （210）,（121）,（220）,（200） and（311） reflections,*** FTIR spectra of Ag NPs exhibited prominent peaks at 3 425,2 878,1 627 and 1 382 in the region 500-3 000 cm-1.The peaks correspond to the presence of a stretching vibration of（NH） C=O *** analysis showed shape in cylindrical,uniform and rod with the average size of 250.60 ***:The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of *** and its larvicidal activity against the larvae of disease spreading *** maximum larvicidal efficacy was observed in the synthesized Ag NPs.

关键词： ficus racemosa Culex quinquefasciatus Culex gelidus Electron microscopic study

Gene set enrichment analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from ficus benghalensis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第6期9卷 263-270页

作者： Pukar Khanal B.M.Patil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER)

Objective:To identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from ficus benghalensis and analyze gene set enrichment of regulated protein ***:The phytoconstituents of Ficu.s *** were queried for inhibitors of alphaglucosidase,also identified as aldose reductase *** score,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity profile,biological spectrum,and gene expression were predicated for each *** study was performed to predict the binding affinity with alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase and compared with clinically proven *** Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated ***:Apigenin,3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxyflavone,and kaempferol were identified as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and aldose *** was predicted to possess the highest binding affinity with both *** p53 signaling pathway was predicted to modulate the majority of protein molecules in diabetes *** the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were also predicted as membrane integrity agonist and anti-mutagenic ***:The current study indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from ficus benghale,nsis can act as aldose reductase inhibitors after absorption from the intestinal ***,these phytoconstituents are involved in the regulation of numerous protein molecules and ***,the anti-diabetic efficacies of these compounds are due to their action on multiple protein molecules and synergistic effects which should be confirmed by future investigations.

关键词： ficus benghalensis Gene set enrichment Kaempferol Network pharmacology Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Study of anti ulcer activity of ficus religiosa *** experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 791-793页

作者： Sarmistha Saha Gagan Goswami Department of Zoology Gujarat University NIPER Ahmedabad

Objective:To investigate the gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract leaves of ficus religiosa(***) in different experimental models of gastric ulcer in ***:The hydroalcoholic extract leaves of *** were studied at two dose levels(250 and 500 mg/ kg,oral) in rats against absolute ethanol(0.2 mL oral),aspirin(200 mg/kg) and pyloric ligation induced gastric ***(50 mg/kg,oral) was used as a standard *** ulcer indices and oxidative stress were *** tests and acute toxicity tests were also carried ***:Administration of *** to rats significantly decreased the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated ***(50 mg/kg,oral) also produced a significant decrease the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated *** analysis revealed the presence of tannins,sterols,saponins,flavonoids, carbohydrates and ***:The results suggest that the leaves of the *** possess significant anti ulcer activity.

关键词： Antiulcer ficus religiosa Ethanol Aspirin Pyloric ligation