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Hepatitis A virus infection and hepatitis A vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: A review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第20期23卷 3589-3606页

作者： Kuan-Yin Lin Guan-Jhou Chen Yu-Lin Lee Yi-Chia Huang Aristine Cheng Hsin-Yun Sun Sui-Yuan Chang Chun-Eng Liu Chien-Ching Hung Department of Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Changhua Christian Hospital National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Parasitology National Taiwan University College of Medicine Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University

Hepatitis A virus(HAV)is one of the most common infectious etiologies of acute hepatitis *** virus is known to be transmitted fecal-orally,resulting in symptoms ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant *** can also be transmitted through oral-anal *** from regions of low endemicity for HAV infection often remain susceptible in their ***,clustered HAV infections or outbreaks of acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users have been reported in countries of low endemicity for HAV *** duration of HAV viremia and stool shedding of HAV may be longer in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative individuals with acute hepatitis *** guidelines recommend HAV vaccination for individuals with increased risks of exposure to HAV(such as from injecting drug use,oral-anal sex,travel to or residence in endemic areas,frequent clotting factor or blood transfusions)or with increased risks of fulminant disease(such as those with chronic hepatitis).The seroconversion rates following the recommended standard adult dosing schedule(2doses of HAVRIX 1440 U or VAQTA 50 U administered6-12 mo apart)are lower among HIV-positive individuals compared to HIV-negative *** the response rates may be augmented by adding a booster dose at week 4 sandwiched between the first dose and the 6-mo dose,the need of booster vaccination remain less clear among HIV-positive individuals who have lost anti-HAV antibodies.

关键词： Epidemiology Viral hepatitis Acute hepatitis fecal-oral transmission oral-anal sex Men who have sex with men Injecting drug use Immunosuppression Immunization

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COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract:Source of infection or merely a target of the inflammatory process following SARS-CoV-2 infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1406-1418页

作者： Jacopo Troisi Giorgia Venutolo Meritxell Pujolassos Tanyà Matteo Delli Carri Annamaria Landolfi Alessio Fasano Metabolomics Section Theoreo srl-Spin-off Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino Pugliano 84090SAItaly Department of Chemistry and Biology“A.Zambelli” University of SalernoFisciano 84084SAItaly European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno Salerno 84125SAItaly Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry“Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi 84081SAItaly Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts Gen Hosp ChildrenMucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonMA 02114United States

Gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms have been described in a conspicuous percentage of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** clinical evidence is supported by the detection of viral RNA in stool,which also supports the hypothesis of a possible fecal-oral transmission *** involvement of GI tract in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is corroborated by the theoretical assumption that angiotensin converting enzyme 2,which is a SARS-CoV-2 target receptor,is present along the GI *** have pointed out that gut dysbiosis may occur in COVID-19 patients,with a possible correlation with disease severity and with complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in ***,the question to be addressed is whether dysbiosis is a consequence or a contributing cause of SARS-CoV-2 *** such a scenario,pharmacological therapies aimed at decreasing GI permeability may be beneficial for COVID-19 *** the possibility of a fecal-oral transmission route,water and environmental sanitation play a crucial role for COVID-19 containment,especially in developing countries.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Zonulin fecal-oral transmission

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Anal swab findings in an infant with COVID-19

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Pediatric Investigation 2020年第1期4卷 48-50页

作者： Qihong Fan Yan Pan Qingcui Wu Shan Liu Xu Song Zhongguo Xie Yang Liu Liang Zhao Zhonghong Wang Yifei Zhang Zuchuang Wu Lei Guan Xiaolong Lv Department of Pediatrics the First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze UniversityJingzhouHubei provinceChina

Introduction: The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not completely clear. In this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were *** presentation: A 3-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19. Her parents had both been diagnosed with COVID-19. The results of pharyngeal swab and anal swab of the little girl were recorded and compared during the course of the disease. The oropharyngeal specimen showed negative result for SARS-CoV-2 on the 14th day after onset of the illness. However, the anal swab was still positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the 28th day after the onset of the ***: The possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be assessed. Personal hygiene during home quarantine merits considerable attention.

关键词： COVID-19 Anal swab SARS-CoV-2 fecal-oral transmission

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Research progress on the effect of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal tract

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Journal of Hainan Medical University 2021年第17期27卷 1-4页

作者： Xiao-Wen Yao Yu-Xia Zhou Rong Wang Cai-Hong Wang Xiao-Hui Yu Jiu-Cong Zhang Department of Gastroenterology The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLALanzhou 730050China Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lanzhou 730000China The Sixth Division of Infectious Diseases Huoshenshan HospitalWuhan 430050China

The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 threatens global public *** the early stage,respiratory symptoms are the most common in patients with new coronal pneumonia,but with the spread of the disease around the world,gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea,nausea and vomiting have attracted more and more *** some patients take diarrhea as the first symptom,which is easy to cause missed *** paper expounds the close relationship between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal tract,and reviews the research progress of COVID-19's effect on gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： COVID-19 Gastrointestinal Symptom Mechanism fecal-oral transmission

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