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Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep

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ANIMAL NUTRITION 2024年第3期18卷 57-71页

作者： Zhang, Zhenbin Sun, Yiquan Zhong, Xinhuang Zhu, Jun Yang, Sihan Gu, Yalan Yu, Xiang Lu, Yue Lu, Zhiqi Sun, Xuezhao Wang, Mengzhi Yangzhou Univ Coll Anim Sci & Technol Lab Metab Manipulat Herbivorous Anim Nutr Yangzhou 225009 Peoples R China Xinjiang Acad Agr & Reclamat Sci State Key Lab Sheep Genet Improvement & Hlth Prod Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang Peoples R China Shanghai Frontan Anim Hlth Co Ltd Shanghai 201502 Peoples R China AgResearch Grasslands Res Ctr Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand

Dietary nutrient manipulation (e.g. protein fractions) could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants, especially reactive nitrogen (N). This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein (SP) levels with decreased crude protein (CP) on intestinal N absorption, hindgut N metabolism, fecal microbiota and metabolites, and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype. Thirty-two male Hu sheep, with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37 +/- 1.18 kg, were randomly assigned to four dietary groups. The control diet (CON), aligning with NRC standards, maintained a CP content of 16.7% on a dry matter basis. Conversely, the experimental diets (LPA, LPB, and LPC) featured a 10% reduction in CP compared with CON, accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%, 25.9%, and 29.4% of CP, respectively. Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine, ammonia, urea N, and fecal total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (P fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid (AA) biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25% to 30%. Moreover, LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecal NH4+-N and NO2--N contents as well as urease activity, compared with CON (P fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene (gdh), nitrite reductase gene (nirS), and nitric oxide reductase gene (norB) abundances were observed (P < 0.05), pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source. Of significance, the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and the elevated concentration of plasma AA (e.g. arginine, methionine, aspartate, glutamate, etc.) underscored the enhancem

关键词： Soluble protein Low -protein diet Nitrogen metabolism Reactive nitrogen fecal microbiota and metabolome Energy and nitrogen utilization ef ficiency AMMONIA EMISSIONS BLOOD METABOLITES NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY RUMINAL FERMENTATION GROWTH-PERFORMANCE PIG MANURE ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY

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