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Monitoring the effects of land transformation on African clawless otters(Aonyx capensis)using fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations as a measure of stress

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 293-306页

作者： Tshepiso L.MAJELANTLE Trevor MCINTYRE Andre GANSWINDT Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaPretoriaSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaOnderstepoortSouth Africa

In a time of increasing environmental change caused by anthropogenic disturbance,there is a greater need to understand animal adaptations to manmade *** this regard,the measurement of stress-related endocrine markers provides a useful tool to examine the impact of environmental challenges and the physiological consequences for wildlife occupying such *** aims of the present study were to validate fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(fGCM)concentrations as a measure of stress using samples from a male African clawless otter(Aonyx capensis;n=1)and to compare fGCM concentrations of otters occurring in a transformed and in 2 natural areas in South *** the 5 different enzyme-immunoassays(EIA)tested,a cortisol and oxoetiocholanolone(measuring 11,17 dioxoandrostanes)EIA revealed the highest response(74%and 48%increase,respectively)30 and 24 hours after a stress event(translocation of a captive individual as part of its rehabilitation prior to release),respec*** both EIAs,fGCM concentrations were comparable for samples collected up to 3 h *** the cortisol EIA for subsequent analyses,fGCM concentrations of animals from the transformed area(n=20;mean[±SD]:0.468[±0.539]µg/g dry weight[DW])were significantly higher(P=0.013)than those from otters in the natural areas(n=17;0.242[±0.226]µg/g DW).These preliminary results suggest that African clawless otters may have increased adrenocortical activity that could be due to conditions linked to living in a transformed environment.

关键词： African clawless otter fecal glucocorticoid metabolites non-invasive hormone measurement stress urbanization

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Complex relationships between physiological stress and endoparasite infections in natural populations

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 449-457页

作者： Claudia Romeo Lucas A.WAUTERS Francesca Santicchia Ben DANTZER Rupert Palme Adriano Martinoli Nicola Ferrari Department of Veterinary Medicine Universita degli Stu di di MilanoVia Celoria 10Milano2133Italy bDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Environment Analysis and Management Unit-Guido Tosi Research Group-Universita degli Studi delKInsubriaVia J.H.Dunant 3Varese21100Italy Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk2610Belgium Department of Psychology University of Michigan530 Church StreetAnn ArborMl48109USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North UniversityAnn ArborMl48109USA Unit of Physiology Pathophysiology and Experimental En docri no logyDepartment of Biomedical Scie ncesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinarplatz 1Vienna1210Austria Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly

Short-term elevation of glucocorticoids(GCs)is one of the major physiological mechanisms by which vertebrates cope with challenging environmental or social factors(stressors).However,when exposure to stressors occurs repeatedly or over a prolonged period of time,animals may experience chronic elevation of GCs,which reduces the immune response efficiency and can lead to higher intensity of parasitic ***,we used invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis in troduced in Norther n Italy and their 2 most prevale nt gastrointesti nal parasites,the n ematode Strongyloides robustus and coccidia of the genus Eimeria,as a model to investigate relati on ships among macroparasite infection and concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites(FGMs),an integrated measure of circulating *** results revealed an association of FGMs with infection by ***,but not with *** with higher FGMs appear to be responsible for the greatest *** egg shedding within gray squirrel populations,thus possibly acting as ***,FGMs were negatively associated with adult ***,suggesting that the abundance of adults of this nematode species does not induce elevation in FGMs,but is only affected by it through immun e-mediated effects on its fecun *** ally,the relati on ship betwee n ***(both eggs and adult parasites)and FGMs was not linear,suggesting that only high levels of physiological stress in fluence parasite inf *** fin dings highlight that the direction and magnitude of the stress-infection relationship may depend not only on the specific hostparasite system,but also on the different life stages of the same parasite.

关键词： fecal glucocorticoid metabolites invasive alien species parasites Sciurus carolinensis stress tree squirrel

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Endocrine correlates of gender and throat coloration in the southern ground-hornbill(Bucorvus leadbeateri)

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 189-201页

作者： Juan SCHEUN Sophie NELLER Nigel CBENNETT Lucy VKEMP Andre GANSWINDT Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaSouth Africa Biodiversity Research Services National Zoological GardensSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Mabula Ground Hornbill Project/IUCN Hornbill Specialist Group Bela-BelaSouth Africa Department of Applied Behavioural Ecology&Ecosystem Research University of South AfricaSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Department of Anatomy&PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

The southern ground-hornbill(SGH)is a cooperatively breeding bird endemic to eastern and southern Africa,but is endangered in its southern distributional *** national conservation restoration program harvests redundant chicks for captive breeding and reintroduction;with sexing and social grouping of the species evaluated by throat-skin coloration,with adult males displaying a completely red color compared to dark blue within the red observed in adult ***,recent findings indicate that dominant and subordinate adult males exhibit patches of blue *** optimize SGH management practices,it is vital to determine the role of red and blue coloration,as well as the possible drivers *** a prerequisite,an enzyme immunoassay for monitoring fecal androgen metabolite(fAM)concentrations in SGH was *** this,fresh fecal samples were collected from 78 SGH,of various demographics and origin,across 12 captive institutions,to determine whether fAM concentrations differ between blue(B),partially blue(sB),and fully red(R)throat-skin colored ***,fAM concentrations were compared between males housed in different social groups of different age and sex *** median fAM concentrations of B,sB,and R adult males did not differ significantly but were considerably higher in B and sB males compared to R *** dynamics within captivity,for example,dominance,played no role as a driver of male gonadal activity or throat skin *** results of the study indicate that androgens and apparent social dynamics are not primary determinants of throat coloration in male SGH.

关键词： coloration fecal glucocorticoid metabolites non-invasive southern ground-hornbill validation

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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James F. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANDERSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and following handling （stress-induced） were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids fecal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels

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