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Mechanism on progressive failure of a faulted rock slope due to slip-weakening

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第Z1期48卷 18-26页

作者： ZHANG Junfeng XU Yongjun QI Tao LI Zhengguo Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

Slip-weakening is one of the characteristics of geological materials under certain loadings. Non-uniform rock structure may exist in the vicinity of the slip surface for a rock slope. Some portion of the slip surface may be penetrated but the other not. For the latter case, the crack or the fault surface will undergo shear deformation before it becomes a successive surface under a certain loading. As the slipped portion advances, slip-weakening occurs over a distance behind the crack tip. In the weakening zone, the shear strength will decrease from its peak value to residual friction level. The stress will redistribute along the surface of crack and in the weakening zone. Thus the changed local stress concentration leads the crack to extend and the ratio of penetration of the slip surface to increase. From the view of large-scale for the whole slip surface, the shear strength will decrease due to the damage of interior rock structure, and the faulted rock behaves as a softening material. Such a kind of mechanism performs in a large number of practical landslides in the zones experienced strong earthquakes. It should be noted that the mechanism mentioned above is different from that of the breakage of structural clay, in which the geological material is regarded as a medium containing structural lumps and structural bands. In this paper, the softening behavior of a faulted rock should be regarded as a comprehensive result of the whole complicated process including slip-weakening, redistribution of stress, extension of crack tip, and the penetration of the slip surface. This process is accompanied by progressive failure and abrupt structural damage. The size of slip-weakening zone is related to the undergoing strain. Once the relative slide is initiated (local or integrated), the effect of slip-weakening will behave in a certain length behind the crack tip until the formation of the whole slip surface.

关键词： faulted rock slope, slip-weakening, progressive failure.

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A Newly Discovered Oil-bearing Mesoproterozoic Erathem within the Niu D1 Well, Liaoxi Depression, Yanliao faulted Depression Zone, NE China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第1期94卷 202-203页

作者： SUN Qiushi GAO Xiaoyong ZONG Wenming SUN Shouliang ZHANG Tao XIAO Fei LI Yongfei SHI Lei Shenyang Center of Geological Survey China Geological Survey(CGS)/Northeast China Center for Geoscience InnovationShenyang 110034China

Objective The Yanshan Fold Belt is located within the northern margin of the North China platform and contains welldeveloped and widespread Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary units with a total thickness of up to 9000 m.Previous studies identified many oil seedlings as well as asphalt and ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs in Northern Hebei depression and western Liaoning depression.This research indicates that the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic sedimentary units are ideally suited for the formation of significant oil and gas resources.The Niu D1 well was drilled by the China Geological Survey(CGS)in the Niuyingzi area and intercepted oil immersions and oil-and gas-bearing units within a limestone reservoir in the middle Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation(Fig.1).This study presents new biomarker compound and carbon isotope data that indicate that the oil within this formation was derived from hydrocarbon source rocks of the Hongshuizhuang Formation,part of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Series,and the reservoir type is overthrust fault fractured anticline hydrocarbon reservoir.The oil reservoir within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation limestone might represent the oldest oil reservoir discovered to date within the Yanliao faulted depression zone.

关键词： NE China A Newly Discovered Oil-bearing Mesoproterozoic Erathem within the Niu D1 Well Yanliao faulted Depression Zone Liaoxi Depression

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Complex petroleum accumulating process and accumulation series in the buried-hill trend in the rift basin:An example of Xinglongtai structure trend,Liaohe subbasin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 108-116页

作者： GAO XianZhi1,PANG XiongQi1,LI XiaoGuang2,CHEN ZhenYan2,SHAN JunFeng2,LIU Feng1,ZOU ZhiWen1 & Li WeiLian1 1 Faculty of Resources and Information Technology,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Exploration and Development Institute of Liaohe Oilfield,Petrochina Liaohe Oil Company,Panjin 124010,China Faculty of Resources and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing China Exploration and Development Institute of Liaohe Oilfield Petrochina Liaohe Oil Company Panjin China

The buried-hill trend is a typical style of the petroliferous structure in the faulted basin of eastern China. The Xinglongtai structure trend in the Liaohe subbasin,Bohai Bay Basin is a buried faulted-hill trend resulting from the periodic faulting of the Tai’an-Dawa faults. The structure was cut by various faults,which are interlinked and constitute the conduits for petroleum migration. Petroleum accumulated in the Tertiary sandstones and pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks through the migration pathways of the fault system. Petroleum in the structure was derived from different hydrocarbon kitchens to form a hybrid field complex. Petroleum charged the structure from different directions and accumulated in various reservoirs through different pathways in different times. The accumulations in the buried hill trend of Xingongtai are composed of two types of traps in the two stratigraphic systems: traps in the Tertiary sandstones were formed by the fault blocks and by the pinchout of the sandstone,and traps in the pre-Tertiary basement of metamorphosed rocks were formed by fissures in the inner part of the buried hills and by the unconformity near the surface of the buried hills.

关键词： faulted basin petroleum migration and accumulation petroleum occurrence buried hills Achaean basement Liaohe subbasin Bohai Bay basin

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Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2,LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining,China University of Mining & Technology,Beijing 100083,China 3 Exploration Research Center,Exploration & Development Institute,China Petrochemical Corporation,Beijing 100083,China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW China,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift.Vitrinite reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the latest.Whereas the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological time.The stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2) The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a favorable potential source kitchen for Lower Pal

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

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^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology of the Faku tectonites:Implications for the tectonothermal evolution of the Faku block,northern Liaoning

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第5期48卷 601-612页

作者： ZHANG Xiaohui WANG Hui LI Tiesheng Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonic Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

For lack of reliable isotopic chronological data, the metamorphic rock series in the Faku region of northern Liaoning has long been regarded as the platform basement. Recent studies reveal that these deformed and metamorphosed rocks, with a variety of protoliths of plutonic intrusions and supracrustal volcanic and sedimentary rocks, were genetically related to later ductile shearing events, and they, together with the syntectonic intrusions, constituted the large-scale Faku tectonites. In this paper, we report new 40Ar/39Ar data on hornblende, biotite, and K-feldspar from typical granitic mylonites in this suite of tectonites. The plateau age 256 Ma of FK53 hornblende and the high-temperature plateau age 262 Ma of Fk51-1 biotite should rep- resent the cooling ages when the granites, formed as a result of Paleozoic oceanic crustal sub- duction beneath the continental crust or collision of multiple micro-continental blocks, were ex- humed into shallow crustal levels. The plateau age 231 Ma of FK51-1 boitite and the apparent age 227 Ma of Fk51-2 K-feldspar are interpreted to record the time of ductile deformation occur- ring under greenschist facies conditions, i.e. the formation age of the Faku tectonites, while the age gradient from 197 Ma to 220 Ma of Fk51-2 K-feldspar probably record the subsequent stable uplift-cooling process. The tectonic exhumation event indicated by the plateau age 180 Ma of Fk51-2 K-feldspar may be associated with the onset of paleo-Pacific subduction beneath the North China plate. In addition, the U-Pb dating of FK54 zircon from later-intruded granite yields the age of crystallization of this super-unit intrusion at 159 Ma, thus establishing an upper limit for the formation age of the Faku tectonites, while the plateau age 125 Ma of Fk54 K-feldspar most likely corresponds to the rapid cooling and tectonic denudation event associated with the final collision between the Siberian plate and the North China plate. These isotopic ages provide im- portant geochronological constraints for re-eva

关键词： northern Liaoning, tectonite, 40Ar/39Ar age, zircon U-Pb age, Faku faulted Convex.

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Logging interpretation method for reservoirs with complex pore structure in Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin around Daqing exploration area

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Global Geology 2019年第3期22卷 209-216页

作者： YUE Shanshan FAN Xiaomin HUANG Buzhou College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University

In Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin in the periphery of Daqing exploration area, the clastic reservoirs mainly consist of siltstone and gravel-bearing sandstone. The electrical conductivity of the reservoirs is complicated due to the complex pore structures, which cannot be accurately interpreted with commonly used model. In order to solve the problem, a three-water model has been applied in this study based on in-depth analysis of the conductive mechanism of rocks in the explored area, and favorable application results are achieved.

关键词： Daqing exploration area Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin complex pore structures cementation index saturation index

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Research on the fault controlling mechanism of geothermal water in Zhangzhou Basin

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 326-335页

作者： GAN Hao-nan LIN Wen-jing YUE Gao-fan WANG Xiao MA Feng WANG Gui-ling Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Shijiazhuang 050061China.

Fault has an important influence on the storage and movement of geothermal water. The Zhangzhou Basin is wholly located in a granodiorite rock mass. Due to the low permeability of granodiorite, faulted structure has an evident control action on the hydrothermal activity of geothermal fields. Hot springs in Zhangzhou Basin crack along Pingtan-Dongshan Fault to the northeastern direction and emerge along Fu'an-Nanjing Fault. Through measurement of the temperature of several hot springs in the Basin, we found the temperature along the northwestern direction of Zhangzhou-Tianbao Fault is high and the temperature gap between the two sides of Yangxi-Yuanshan Fault is huge; the estimation of geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal water through quartz geothermometer indicates that the geothermal reservoir temperature of the northern area of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is obviously higher than that of southern area. Such result indicates that Fault obviously obstructs underground heat source. Under the condition that the average geothermal gradient of the Zhangzhou Basin is set, the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the Zhangzhou Basin measured by geothermal reservoir temperature is 3 550-5 200 m and the circulation depth of the geothermal water of the north of Nanjing-Xiamen Fault is deeper than that of the South.

关键词： faulted structure Hydrothermal activity Geothermal reservoir temperature Circulation depth

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Genetic model for slump coalbed and extrathick coalbed from Fushun Basin, Northeast China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1995年第3期40卷 235-238页

作者：吴冲龙 Department of Mineral Resources China University of Geoscienoes Wuhan 430074 China

Coalbed genesis study is the theoretical basis for coal geology and sedimentology. It has been suggested that the most economic coalbeds are formed in situ. However, the author discovered a large number of syndepositional slump coalbeds with main allochthonous components and associated gravity-influenced muddy interlayers for the first time in the extrathick coalbeds from the Fushun Basin, and established a new coal-forming model.

关键词： slump coalbed extrathick coalbed coal-forming model inland faulted basin Fushun.

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Natural Gas Resource in Jurassic,Y faulted Subbasin of Songliao Basin

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Global Geology 2000年第2期5卷 202-206页

作者： Yang Haibo Hu Yutao Wei Xinghua Daqing Petroleum Administrative Bureau Daqing 163453 P. R. China No. 5 production plant Daqing 163000 P. R. China

Y faulted depression is located in the southeast of Songliao basin, which is another important area explored for natural gas in deep Formation after Xujiaweizi. But it is lowly explored and is not likely to make a major breakthrough in nature gas exploration for shallow and medium layers. The data on the geochemistry and geology indicate that the deep source rocks, especially the Jurassic mudstone has great potentials of natural gas generation. Based on this, the paper examines the conditions of natural gas generation and further points out the favorable prospective gas - bearing area. The results show that the amount of natural gas generated from the Jurassic mudstone in the Y faulted depression is 8. 42x1012m3 and the favorable gas - generating area is the body of the faulted depression.

关键词： Y faulted depression Deep strata Oil and gas resource

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A Detachment Revealed by Deep Seismic Reflection Profilmg in Jizhong Depression

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1994年第13期39卷 1112-1116页

作者：王椿镛吴庆举张先康

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