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Proximate Composition,fatty acid profile and Mycotoxin Contamination in Several Varieties of Mexican Maize

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 865-872页

作者： Silvia Denise Pena Betancourt Rey Gutiérrez Tolentino Beatriz Schettino Toxicology Laboratory Department of Agricultural and Animal Production Autonomous Metropolitan UniversityMexico CityMexico

In Mexico maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal due to excellent taste and nutritional value. Nutritional content and fatty acid profile has been reported in white maize, however, there are several genotypes natives (red, yellow, black, blue, pinto), and many improved hybrids maize of which little is known. Fumonisins and aflatoxins are mycotoxins present in 25% of the world’s cereals, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This study presents the analysis of proximate composition (ash, protein, lipids), as well as mycotoxins (fumonisins and aflatoxins) and five different fatty acids, two of saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) and three of polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic), evaluated by Gas Chromatography and Flame Detector (GC-DF). Thirty varieties of maize (native and hybrid maize) were collected in states of central region. The total fumonisins were determined using the QuickTox TM extraction and quantificated by QuickScan fumonisins;the aflatoxins were analyzed by commercial ELISA kit. The highest protein level was 10.43 g/100g, 5.63 g/100g for fat, 1.62 g/100g for ash in hybrid maize. In native maize, the highest levels of protein and ash were 10.94 g/100g and 1.45 g/100g for pinto maize. The higher value for fat was 5.45 g/100g in yellow maize. The palmitic and stearic acids, in native maize were higher that hybrid maize, for linoleic acid and linoleinic fatty with a significant difference between native corn. Fumonisins and aflatoxins were contaminated in all genotypes of maize, in allow levels. This information obtained may be considered in maize breeding programs, industrialization processes and healthy diets.

关键词： Zea mays L. fatty acid profile Fumonisins Aflatoxins Mexican Corn

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Proximate Composition and fatty acid profile of Beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle Breeds in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 139-156页

作者： Timketa Dagne Yesihak Yusuf Mummed Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu Mengistu Urgea Leta Travis Gene O’Quinn Jessie L. Vipham Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Oda Bultum University Chiro Ethiopia School of Animal and Range Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA

This study was conducted to determine proximate composition and profile of fatty acid of beef from Arsi, Borana and Harar Cattle breeds in Ethiopia. A total of 39 bulls with three age categories were used for the study. The bulls were purchased from mixed crop livestock system (Arsi and Harar cattle breeds) and Ranch (Borana cattle breed). Complete randomized design was used for the study. Longissimus dorsi muscle was used to evaluate proximate composition and profile of fatty acid. The result of the study indicated that mean of percentage of dry matter, ash, crude fat and crude protein were ranging 22.43 - 24.26, 0.32 - 1.28, 4.32 - 7.88, 17.21 - 22.76, respectively. At age younger than 3 years, Harar bulls contain more crude fat compared to Arsi bulls while the vice versa was true for crude protein. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was higher than saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the three breeds studied across all age categories. However, significantly higher (P 0.01) PUFA and lowest (P

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Determination of the fatty acid profile of Breast Milk from Nursing Mothers in Bungoma County, Kenya

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 661-670页

作者： Virate J. Kiprop Amy W. Girard Lilian A. Gogo Mary N. Omwamba Symon M. Mahungu Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Egerton Kenya Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA

The fatty acid profile in breast milk of nursing mothers who participated in a Cohort for Vitamin A (COVA) study at the fourth and ninth month of lactation was investigated. Breast milk samples were collected by manual expression and stored at - 20°C until analysis. The fat was extracted from the milk and methylated using the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) Official Methods with modifications. The separation, identification and quantification of the fatty acid methyl esters was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fat contents of human milk increased significantly between the fourth and ninth month of lactation 0.38 and 1.21 mg·mL-1 respectively;P 0.05) than the average percent of the total unsaturated FAs (48.93%). Similarly, at the 9th month the percentage average of the total saturated fatty acids (15.18%) was significantly lower (P fatty profile was also significantly different with the omega 6 being the dominant at the 9th month compared with the omega - 9 being dominant at the 4th month of lactation.

关键词： fatty acid profile Breast Milk Nursing Mothers fatty acid Methyl Esters Lactation

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Determination of fruit characteristics,fatty acid profile and total antioxidant capacity of Mespilus germanica ***

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第11期 886-889页

作者： Hale Secilmis Canbay Ersin Atay Serdal Oğüt Research and Practice Center Mehmet Akif Ersoy University15100BurdurTurkey TAGEM Furuit Research Institue32500Isparta Turkey Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Aydin Health SchoolAdnan Menderes UniversityAydinTurkey

Objective:To determine fruit characteristics,fatty acid profile and total antioxidant capacitiy of first cultured Mespilus germanica ***:A total of 15 fruits were taken randomly from four directions of adult *** the physical and chemical properties of first cultured medlar fruit(Istanbul/Turkey)were measured by using refractometer,colorimeter,spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer,***:In the fruit studied,the results showed that palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,arachidic acid and behenic acid were the most abundant fatty acids(FAs),and the main FA was palmitic acid[(35.35±1.20)%].The percentage of linoleic acid and stearic acid in this fruit oil were(29.10±1.70)%and(8.53±0.25)%,*** a result of the analysis,the total antioxidant capacity of medlar fruit was(1.1±0.2)mmol trolox equivalents/***:The present study has demonstrated the concentrations of FAs and the antioxidantive capacity of first cultured Istanbul medlar fruits by using many tested *** is proved that in our daily life,medlar fruit plays a significant role with its nutrition and health effect.

关键词： Mespilus germanica L. Total antioxidant capacity fatty acid profile Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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Nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 185-192页

作者： Enfa Yan Jianxin Guo Jingdong Yin State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

The quality of pork determines consumers’ purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, p H values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.

关键词： Amino acids fatty acid profile Gut microbiota Maternal nutrition Skeletal muscle Meat quality

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Dietary inclusion of a partially defatted black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1399-1413页

作者： Christian Caimi Ilaria Biasato Giulia Chemello Sara Bellezza Oddon Carola Lussiana Vanda Maria Malfatto Maria Teresa Capucchio Elena Colombino Achille Schiavone Francesco Gai Angela Trocino Alberto Brugiapaglia Manuela Renna Laura Gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Institute of Science of Food Production National Research CouncilLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PaduaViale dell’Università1635020 LegnaroPDItaly

Background:Recent investigations highlighted that Hermetia illucens(BSF)larva meal can be a valuable alternative protein source for aquafeed *** this study,in substitution of fishmeal,we used increasing inclusion levels of a partially defatted BSF larva meal in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)and we evaluated the related implications in terms of growth performance,physical characteristics,proximate and fatty acid(FA)compositions of the fillets,gut and liver histology,and diet *** a 131-day trial,576 fish(100.1±9.29 g)were randomly allotted to 24 tanks(24 fish/tank,4 replicates/treatment).Six experimental diets were produced to have partial replacement of fishmeal(0,10%,20%,30%,40%and 50%)by increasing levels of BSF meal(0%[BSF0],3%[BSF3],6%[BSF6],9%[BSF9],12%[BSF12]and 15%[BSF15]on as fed basis,respectively).Results:No differences were observed among the treatments for all the considered growth performance *** viscero and hepato-somatic indexes showed significant differences among the treatments,with the highest values observed in the BSF15 *** differences were recorded in terms of fillet’s physical characteristics,dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE)*** saturated and monounsaturated FA increased,while polyunsaturated FA(particularly n-3 FA)decreased while increasing the HI meal inclusion in the *** of liver and gut was not affected,whereas,in posterior gut,villi were higher in BSF6 and BSF9 compared to BSF3 *** apparent digestibility of DM,CP,EE and gross energy did not vary among the ***:These results suggest that a partially defatted BSF meal could be included up to 15%in low fishmeal-based diets for rainbow trout with no adverse effects on growth performance,fillet’s physical characteristics,gut and liver health,and diet *** the contrary,the fillet FA composition worsened while increasing the level of BSF

关键词： Apparent digestibility coefficient Chemical and physical characteristics of fillets fatty acid profile Fishmeal substitution Hermetia illucens meal Histopathology Performance

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Performances of local poultry breed fed black soldier fly larvae reared on horse manure

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 73-78页

作者： Nassim Moula Marie-Louise Scippo Caroline Douny Guy Degand Edwin Dawans Jean-Francois Cabaraux Jean-Luc Hornick Rudy C.Medigo Pascal Leroy Frederic Francis Johann Detilleux Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal&Health Animal Production DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Liege Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal&Health Food Science DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Liege Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liege

In poultry,feed based on maggots,like larvae of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens) is an attractive option to substitute current ingredients which are expensive and often in direct or indirect competition with human *** information is currently available on the utility of these larvae in poultry feed,so goals of this study were to determine whether larvae could be reared on horse manure under traditional farming conditions and to evaluate the growth performances of a local poultry fed these larvae and the fatty acids profiles of their *** freezing and thawing,larvae were introduced in the feed of Ardennaise chickens between 30 and 80 days of *** in the control group received a commercial standard feed,while those in the treatment group received the same commercial feed in which 8% was substituted with whole fresh larvae corresponding to 2% on a dry matter *** ± standard errors of larval length and weight were 20.67 ± 2.21 mm and 0.14 ± 0.02 g,*** larval percentages of dry matter and of substances extractable in diethyl ether were 24.6% and 23.1%,*** fatty acids profiles were predominantly composed of lauric acid(28.1%) and palmitic acid(22.0%).Least squares means of weekly weights of chicken,adjusted for the effects of sex,replication and initial weights,were significantly higher(P fatty acid profiles,protein content and w6/w3 ratio.

关键词： Insect farming Chicken Local breed Growth performance Meat quality fatty acid profile

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A Combination of Wheat Bran and Vegetable Oils as Feedstuff in Laying Hens’Diet:Impact on Egg Quality Parameters

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 676-691页

作者： Elisa Wanzenbock Matthias Schreiner Ulrike Zitz Birgit Bleich Sophie Figl Wolfgang Kneifel Karl Schedle Institute of Food Science University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria Institute of Animal Nutrition Livestock Productsand Nutrition PhysiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria

Wheat bran (WB) is an important side product of the milling industry and plays an increasing role in animal feeding. Despite its nutritional value, its application is limited as a result of its pronounced fiber content. Taking into account the potential use of WB supplementation in feed for laying hens thereby replacing human edible foodstuffs, the influence of different WB levels (0 g·kg-1, 75 g·kg-1, and 150 g·kg-1) combined with sunflower or rapeseed oil on egg quality was studied. Among the egg-related quality parameters investigated, eggshell cleanliness, shell rigidity, egg weight, haugh units, yolk and albumen mass, color, pH value, dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, fatty acid spectrum, cholesterol and α-tocopherol of the yolk were monitored. No negative effect of WB supplementation was observed in terms of egg weight, shell weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, haugh unit, shell thickness and eggshell breaking strength. However, certain parameters (i.e. α-tocopherol content, Σn-3 PUFA) were enhanced by feeding 75 g·kg-1 and 150 g·kg-1 WB. The use of WB (75 g·kg-1 and 150 g·kg-1) had no negative effect on egg quality and can, therefore, be recommended for laying hen diets up to 150 g·kg-1. Additionally, the application of rapeseed oil high in Σn-3 PUFA resulted in yolks exhibiting a low Σn-6 PUFA/Σn-3 PUFA ratio.

关键词： Laying Hens Wheat Bran Vegetable Oils Egg Quality fatty acid profile

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The Biotechnological and Seafood Potential of Stichopus regalis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 194-204页

作者： Rita Santos Simaura Dias Susete Pinteus Joana Silva Celso Alves Carla Tecelao Ana Pombo Rui Pedrosa Department of Geography Environment and Earth Sciences(GEES)Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HullHullUK MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ESTMPolytechnic Institute of LeiriaPenichePortugal Linking Landscape EnvironmentAgriculture and Food Research Unit(LEAF)Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversity of LisbonTapada da AjudaLisbonPortugal

Sea cucumbers are highly used not only for the production of the bêche-de-mer, but also recent studies have been showing the high potential of these marine invertebrates on the pharmaceutical industry, as they are rich in bioactive compounds with important functions. Stichopus regalis extracts (1 mg·mL-1) were used in antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor assays. The lipid profile was also evaluated. No significant antioxidant activity was detected in both methanolic and dichloromethane extracts. The methanolic fraction showed the highest antimicrobial potential against Candida albicans with an IC50 of 475.4 μg·mL-1. In the antitumor assays, the dichloromethane fraction showed a high potential for both cell lines, as revealed by the MTT method. The total fat content was 3.63% ± 0.11% and the fatty acid profile revealed the highest amount in C16:0 (9.43% ± 0.77%), C18:0 (12.43% ± 0.83%), C18:1 ω7 (5.63% ± 0.33%), EPA (12.49% ± 0.15%), DHA (7.35% ± 0.02%), ARA (19.29% ± 0.14%) and a ω3/ω6 ratio of 1.078. These findings led us to suggest the potential use of S. regalis as a new source of bioactive compounds with pharmacological potential and its nutritional benefits for human health.

关键词： Sea Cucumber Antimicrobial Activity Antitumor Activity Marine Natural Compounds fatty acid profile

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Potential of <i>Dictyosphaerium</i>sp. LC172264 Concomitant Remediation of Cassava Wastewater and Accumulation of Lipids for Biodiesel Production

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第8期12卷 257-274页

作者： Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna Joseph Ikwebe Otsai Otsima Okpozu Chijioke Nwoye Eze James Chukwuma Ogbonna Department of Microbiology Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University Wukari Nigeria Environmental Science Unit Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

As a way of making algal feedstock feasible for biofuel production, simultaneous utilization of microalga Dictyosphaerium sp. LC172264 for cassava wastewater remediation and accumulation of lipids for biodiesel production was investigated. The algal biomass, lipid contents and composition were measured from the autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultured algal cells. Physicochemical parameters of the cassava wastewater and bioremediation potentials were measured. Biodiesel properties were deduced and compared with the standards. The results showed that mixotrophic culture was the best for both biomass accumulation (1.022 g/L) and lipid contents (24.53%). Irrespective of the culture condition, the predominant fatty acids were similar and included 11-Octadecenoic acid (vaccenic acid (C19H36O2), oleic acid (C18H34O2) and 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (isopalmitic acid (C17H34O2). The percentage reduction of total dissolved solids was 79.32% and 89.78% for heterotrophy and mixotrophy respectively. Biochemical oxygen demand was 72.95% and 89.35%, chemical oxygen demand was 72.19% and 84.03% whereas cyanide contents reduced from the initial value of 450 mg/L to 93.105 (79.31%) and 85.365 mg/L (81.03%) respectively. Dictyosphaerium sp. showed good growth and lipid production under mixotrophic condition and produced good quality biodiesel under the three cultivation modes. Even though both mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions had good promise of cassava wastewater remediation by Dictyosphaerium sp., mixotrophy showed superiority.

关键词： Biodiesel Production Cassava Wastewater Dictyosphaerium sp. fatty acid profile

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