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整体视野中的意大利政治文化

What's the Deal?Trump,Fichte's Closed Commercial State,and the Perverse Dialectic of Neoliberal Risk

世界史 2024年第3期

作者：信美利

意大利史研究长久以来呈现出相对“断裂式”的发展态势，即以古罗马史、文艺复兴史和法西斯史为特定主题，强调其各自独特性、重要性，由此缺乏对意大利史作为完整研究对象的系统性、连贯性讨论。实际上，意大利史可从整体视角切入，断... 详细信息

意大利史研究长久以来呈现出相对“断裂式”的发展态势，即以古罗马史、文艺复兴史和法西斯史为特定主题，强调其各自独特性、重要性，由此缺乏对意大利史作为完整研究对象的系统性、连贯性讨论。实际上，意大利史可从整体视角切入，断代研究方法并不排斥历史延续性和内在逻辑的统一性。以法西斯意大利史为例，作为第二次世界大战的策源地之一，学界对其外交政策的研究已取得丰硕成果，但以意大利本土及英语世界的研究者为主，中国学界的关注及成果较集中于个别研究者。以往研究倾向于将法西斯意大利外交“单独”探讨，认为其自成体系，明显区别于自由政府时期，其强烈的投机色彩主要归咎于法西斯党和墨索里尼的个人作用。然而，法西斯意大利外交遵循的可称为“现实主义”的路径，在法西斯夺权后的若干年里，与自由政府时期的外交选择并无本质区别，甚至二者均受到意大利传统政治外交文化的影响，因其共同面临意大利自统一以来就已形成的经济基础薄弱、国家实力欠缺、强权环伺等局面。“现实主义”是两段不同历史时期的共同选择，法西斯意大利亦是整体意大利史中既特殊又具有某种关联性、共性的历史阶段。

关键词：意大利史法西斯外交现实主义二战 Italian history fascism diplomacy realism World War II

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第3期13卷 395-412页

作者： Anthony Curtis Adler Underwood International College Yonsei University50 Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Republic of Korea

The following paper seeks to understand Donald Trump as a“dialectical image”for the contradictions of neoliberal ***’s management style,as described in his Art o f the Deal,combines a fetishizing of entrepreneurial risk as a“lifestyle”with the insistence that it is not the entrepreneur but his targets who are ultimately exposed to *** suggests that we might understand the elevation of“deal-making”to a lifestyle as a characteristic of modernity that,with neoliberalism,is increasingly coming to the *** a critique of modernity,I further argue,is anticipated by Fichte's Closed Commercial State with its intriguing dialectic of risk.I conclude by arguing that Trump's politics marks the rise of a new,specifically American style of fascism--one that demands identification not with the state as supra-individual collective,but with an impersonal system governing over individual lives and rendering them precarious.

关键词： Donald Trump US politics Johann Gottlieb Fichte Neoliberalism fascism Economic nationalismh

Social Policies in the Thirties in Europe:Crisis and Solution-The Italian Case

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2021年第4期9卷 158-165页

作者： Maria Teresa Giusti University“G.d’Annunzio”of Chieti-Pescara AbruzzoItaly

Drawing from historiography and literature on the subject and considering the consequences produced on the European society by World War I and the 1929 Wall Street Crisis,this article aims at analysing some aspects of the fascist construction of welfare *** model suggested by the fascist regime in the thirties was a typical totalitarian welfare state,which used social policies to strengthen the home front and to build consensus for the *** the fascist regime had the war as its goal,it did not mobilize the country on the eve of World War II,but preferred to invest in social assistance and welfare,for reasons of political ***,the analysis of fascist social policy measures,such as social security,points out that some flaws in the social security system,such as excessive spending,or the categorical approach to assistance and social security typical of fascism,were borrowed from republican Italy.

关键词： World War I fascism Propaganda Welfare State Social Policies

Richard Wright’s“Basket of Deplorables”:The Return of the Lumpenproletariat in *** Discourse

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2018年第2期2卷 31-44页

作者： Joshua Lam Michigan State University

Political coverage of the US presidential election of 2016 involved numerous theories about the motivations of Donald Trump’s *** theories were often tied to racial and socioeconomic demographics,and based in speculations about racism and *** of the rhetoric in these speculations,such as Hillary Clinton’s“basket of deplorables”analogy and the informal term“Trumpen Proletariat,”echoes political rhetoric found in Marxist discussions of the lumpenproletariat,a social class characterized by abject poverty,ideological ambivalence,and *** the US,the lumpenproletariat was a subject of great importance to a small number of Depression-era writers,including the African American novelist Richard Wright,whose novels Native Son and Lawd Today!documented and analyzed the fascinating contradictions of race,class,prejudice,and political *** essay asks what Wright’s depictions of the lumpenproletariat can teach us about contemporary political rhetoric in general,and about the intersections of race and class prejudice in *** argues that Wright’s refusal to politically abject the ignorant and alienated lower classes can teach us much today about the limits of current US political discourse.

关键词： Richard Wright Racial Politics in America Class Politics in America Marxism fascism

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“精神分析只不过是夸大其辞”①

文化研究 2021年第1期

作者：马丁·杰伊

法兰克福学派不断尝试着丰富对现代社会的批判，这主要建立在这样的基础上——借鉴精神分析的观念，对那种名为“批判理论”的马克思主义，进行一种想象性重读。尽管恩里希·弗洛姆、马克斯·霍克海默、赫伯特·马尔库塞和西奥多·阿多... 详细信息

法兰克福学派不断尝试着丰富对现代社会的批判，这主要建立在这样的基础上——借鉴精神分析的观念，对那种名为“批判理论”的马克思主义，进行一种想象性重读。尽管恩里希·弗洛姆、马克斯·霍克海默、赫伯特·马尔库塞和西奥多·阿多诺的具体看法不同，但他们都支持对马克思和弗洛伊德进行创造性整合。法兰克福学派尤其爱用弗洛伊德的理论阐释如下事实——工人阶级的假想革命任务的失败，未曾预期的法西斯主义的兴起和构想乌托邦种种可能的形式。除此之外，阿多诺的作品更明显地利用了精神分析的唯物主义冲动，去反对在唯心主义传统中的意识哲学。

关键词：霍克海默弗洛姆马尔库塞阿多诺法西斯主义乌托邦非同一性马克思批判理论 Horkheimer Fromm Marcuse Adorno fascism utopia non-identity Marx Critical Theory

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