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Heterogeneity in agricultural households and transition paths in southern Tibet

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1386-1403页

作者： ZHANG Jing BROWN Colin WALDRON Scott YADAV Lava ZHUOGA De-qing School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850002China

Smallholder livelihoods in agricultural areas in Tibet Autonomous Region,China(Tibet for short)have traditionally been based on subsistence mixed crop-livestock *** many parts of China and the developing world,rural Tibet is undergoing rapid change in agricultural development,boosted by links with the off-farm ***,the agricultural transition process in Tibet has not been linear,is affected by policies particular to the region,and varies significantly for different categories of rural *** paper analyses heterogeneity of household types in agricultural areas of southern Tibet and how household structures and characteristics result in different agricultural development *** is drawn from a stratified random survey of 144 households in three townships in southern Tibet and analysed through three methods:cluster analysis,bio-economic modelling,and analysis of household perceptions and attitudes to *** analysis allows for the identification of three key household types-semisubsistence,pluriactive and semi-commercial-organised along a continuum of intensification,commercialisation,specialisation and *** study demonstrates the diversity of household farming systems in Tibet which in turn highlights the need for disaggregated analysis and tailored development policies and ***,the analysis also reveals commonalities in development paths between groups,where all farm types are more interested in pursuing income and livelihood goals through an increase in productivity than through an increase in *** in all systems choose to retain agriculture as a base from which to pursue livelihood strategies,especially through off-farm *** for this household heterogeneity is important on several ***,it provides more granular detail on the process of development in rural areas of Tibet that have been very difficult to access in English literature especially in recent ***,the c

关键词： Tibet Households farming systems Agricultural transition

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Resource use efficiency, ecological intensification and sustainability of intercropping systems

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1542-1550页

作者： MAO Li-li ZHANG Li-zhen ZHANG Si-ping Jochem B Evers Wopke van der Werf WANG Jing-jing SUN Hong-quan SU Zhi-cheng Huub Spiertz College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Institute of Cotton Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Centre for Crop systems Analysis (CSA) Department of Plant Sciences Wageningen University China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

The rapidly growing demand for food, feed and fuel requires further improvements of land and water management, crop productivity and resource-use *** field experimentation and crop growth modelling during the past five decades made a great leap forward in the understanding of factors that determine actual and potential yields of *** research field of production ecology developed concepts to integrate biological and biophysical processes with the aim to explore crop growth potential in contrasting *** understand the potential of more complex systems（multi-cropping and intercropping） we need an agro-ecosystem approach that integrates knowledge derived from various disciplines： agronomy, crop physiology, crop ecology, and environmental sciences（soil, water and climate）.Adaptation of cropping systems to climate change and a better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by genetic improvement and by managing diverse cropping systems in a sustainable way will be of key importance in food *** accelerate sustainable intensification of agricultural production, it is required to develop intercropping systems that are highly productive and stable under conditions with abiotic constraints（water, nutrients and weather）.Strategies to achieve sustainable intensification include developing tools to evaluate crop growth potential under more extreme climatic conditions and introducing new crops and cropping systems that are more productive and robust under conditions with abiotic *** paper presents some examples of sustainable intensification management of intercropping systems that proved to be tolerant to extreme climate conditions.

关键词： abiotic stress farming systems over-yielding resource use efficiency sustainability

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Variation of Nutrient Value in Selected Composted Farm Wastes

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第4期11卷 258-276页

作者： Kamoga Gerald Ssekyewa Charles Faculty of Agriculture Uganda Martyrs University Kampala Uganda St. Lawrence University Kampala Uganda

Smallholder farming is promoted for its environmental friendliness, assurance of food security sovereignty and conservation of indigenous knowledge. However, in actual practice, Smallholder farmers recycle farm plant waste to improve soil fertility. By so doing, they contribute to environmental pollution, emissions, and global warming. This situation is a Smallholder farmers’ challenge worldwide. One of these challenges is the inability to find cheaper sources of plant nutrients. These sources of nutrients are associated with environmental pollution, such as the release of Methane. This study focused on farm wastes (bean trash, maize trash, banana trash, cattle slurry, goat slurry, and pig slurry) commonly produced by smallholder farmers in two farming systems of Masaka and Lyantonde Districts to explore the effects of composting and surface decomposition on nutrients contained in farm wastes by specifically: estimating baseline nutrient contents in farm wastes before disposal, determining the variation of nutrients of farm wastes managed by composting and surface decomposition and the potential source of major nutrients among selected farm wastes. Through carbon analysis, Calorimetric determination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus analysis using a block digester and UV-Visible spectrometer, Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus were determined from bean trash, maize trash, banana trash, cattle slurry, goat slurry, and pig slurry. Results revealed that goat slurry, chicken waste, maize trash and pig slurry contained more and retained more P, K, C and N, respectively, as compared to other farm wastes. Significant volumes of N and P were retained in composted materials as compared to those managed by surface decomposition.

关键词： Farm Waste Plant Nutrients Smallholder Farmers Composting Nutrient Loss farming systems

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Creating adaptive farm typologies using Naive Bayesian classification

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2017年第3期4卷 220-227页

作者： Wim Paas Jeroen C.J.Groot farming systems Ecology Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 4306700 AK WageningenThe Netherlands Plant Production systems Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 4306700 AK WageningenThe Netherlands

The applicability of statistical typologies that capture farming systems diversity in innovation and development projects would increase if their adaptability would be enhanced,so that newly encountered farms can be classified and used to update the *** this paper we propose Naıve Bayesian(NB)classification as a method to allocate farms to types by using only a few variables,thus allowing the addition of new entries to a *** show for two example datasets that the performance of NB classification is already acceptable when 50% of the original survey dataset to construct the typology is used for training the NB *** our datasets,the performance of Naı¨ve Bayesian classification was improved when probabilities for observations to belong to multiple types were used,requiring a sample size of 30% of the survey *** on the results in this paper,we argue that NB classification is a powerful and promising statistical approach to increase the adaptability and usability of farm typologies.

关键词： farming systems Data distributions Clustering Diversity

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