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Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and faraday cup diagnostics

Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 94-100页

作者： Sunil KANCHI Rohit SHUKLA Archana SHARMA Pulsed Power and Electromagnetics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreVisakhapatnam 531011India Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai 400085India Beam Technology Development Group Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India

Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma.The triple Langmuir probe and faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are(1.6±0.5)×10^(19)m^(-3)and(2.8±0.6)×10^(19)m^(-3)for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02±0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54±0.25 cm/μs and 1.81±0.18 cm/μs for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.

关键词： coaxial plasma source triple Langmuir probe faraday cup plasma density plasma temperature

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Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 138-155页

作者： Tayyaba SAJID Shazia BASHIR Mahreen AKRAM Maira RAZZAQ Khaliq MAHMOOD Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Physics Institute of PhysicsGovernment College University LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic probes.The characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was established.The measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser irradiance.However,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the plume.However,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the target.The radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number density.The higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and ions.The generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

关键词： faraday cup axial and radial expansion space-charge effect laser-induced zirconium plasma two-electron temperature distribution self-generated electric and magnetic fields

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Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using faraday cup

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第8期23卷 188-198页

作者： Muhammad Usman Aslam BHATTI Shazia BASHIR Asma HAYAT Khaliq MAHMOOD Rana AYUB Mubashir JAVED Muhammad Shahzad KHAN Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics(CASP) GC UniversityLahore 54000Pakistan

Silver(Ag)plasma has been generated by employing Nd:YAG laser(532 nm,6 ns)laser irradiation.The energy and flux of ions have been evaluated by using faraday cup(FC)using time of flight(TOF)measurements.The dual peak signals of fast and slow Ag plasma ions have been identified.Both energy and flux of fast and slow ions tend to increase with increasing irradiance from 7 GW cm-2 to 17.9 GW cm-2 at all distances of FC from the target surface.Similarly a decreasing trend of energies and flux of ions has been observed with increasing distance of FC from the target.The maximum value of flux of the fast component is21.2×10^(10) cm^(-2),whereas for slow ions the maximum energy and flux values are 8.8 keV,8.2×10^(10) cm^(-2) respectively.For the analysis of plume expansion dynamics,the angular distribution of ion flux measurement has also been performed.The overall analysis of both spatial and angular distributions of Ag ions revealed that the maximum flux of Ag plasma ions has been observed at an optimal angle of~15°.In order to confirm the ion acceleration by ambipolar field,the self-generated electric field(SGEF)measurements have also been performed by electric probe;these SGEF measurements tend to increase by increasing laser irradiance.The maximum value of 232 V m^(-1) has been obtained at a maximum laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm^(-2).

关键词： laser ablation laser-induced plasma ions faraday cup time of flight measurements self-generated electric field angular distribution

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Method for the measurement of triboelectric charge transfer at solid–liquid interface

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Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1544-1556页

作者： Qin CHEN Bingxue CHENG Tiancheng WANG Hongfei SHANG Tianmin SHAO State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China

Triboelectrification between a liquid and a solid is a common phenomenon in our daily life and industry.Triboelectric charges generated at liquid/solid interfaces have effects on energy harvesting,triboelectrification-based sensing,interfacial corrosion,wear,lubrication,etc.Knowing the amount of triboelectric charge transfer is very useful for studying the mechanism and controlling these phenomena,in which an accurate method is absolutely necessary to measure the triboelectric charge generated at the solid–liquid interface.Herein,we established a method for measuring the charge transfer between different solids and liquids.An equipment based on the faraday cup measurement was developed,and the leakage ratio(r_(l))was quantified through simulation based on an electrostatic field model.Typical experiments were conducted to validate the reliability of the method.This work provides an effective method for charge measurement in triboelectrification research.

关键词： triboelectric charge solid-liquid interface measurement faraday cup leakage ratio(r_(l))

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Investigation of self-generated magnetic field and dynamics of a pulsed plasma flow

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第5期24卷 163-170页

作者： Aigerim TAZHEN Merlan DOSBOLAYEV Tlekkabul RAMAZANOV Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Due to the growing interest in studying the compression and disruption of the plasma filament in magnetic fusion devices and Z-pinches, this work may be important for new developments in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion. Recently, on a coaxial plasma accelerator, we managed to obtain the relatively long-lived(～300 μs) plasma filaments with its self-magnetic field. This was achieved after modification of the experimental setup by using high-capacitive and lowinductive energy storage capacitor banks, as well as electrical cables with low reactive impedance. Furthermore, we were able to avoid the reverse reflection of the plasma flux from the end of the plasma accelerator by installing a special plasma-absorbing target. Thus, these constructive changes of the experimental setup allowed us to investigate the physical properties of the plasma filament by using the comprehensive diagnostics including Rogowski coil,magnetic probes, and faraday cup. As a result, such important plasma parameters as density of ions and temperature of electrons in plasma flux, time dependent plasma filament's azimuthal magnetic field were measured in discharge gap and at a distance of 23.5 cm from the tip of the cathode. In addition, the current oscillograms and Ⅰ–Ⅴ characteristics of the plasma accelerator were obtained. In the experiments, we also observed the charge separation during the acceleration of plasma flow via oscillograms of electron and ion beam currents.

关键词： coaxial plasma accelerator pulsed plasma flow self magnetic field electron density electron temperature faraday cup magnetic probe of Kazakhstan (IRN AP08053373)

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Investigation of self-generated magnetic ﬁeld and dynamics of a pulsed plasma ﬂow

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第5期24卷 146-153页

作者： Aigerim TAZHEN Merlan DOSBOLAYEV Tlekkabul RAMAZANOV Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityAlmaty 050040Kazakhstan

Due to the growing interest in studying the compression and disruption of the plasma filament in magnetic fusion devices and Z-pinches, this work may be important for new developments in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion. Recently, on a coaxial plasma accelerator, we managed to obtain the relatively long-lived(~300 μs) plasma filaments with its self-magnetic field. This was achieved after modification of the experimental setup by using high-capacitive and lowinductive energy storage capacitor banks, as well as electrical cables with low reactive impedance. Furthermore, we were able to avoid the reverse reflection of the plasma flux from the end of the plasma accelerator by installing a special plasma-absorbing target. Thus, these constructive changes of the experimental setup allowed us to investigate the physical properties of the plasma filament by using the comprehensive diagnostics including Rogowski coil,magnetic probes, and faraday cup. As a result, such important plasma parameters as density of ions and temperature of electrons in plasma flux, time dependent plasma filament’s azimuthal magnetic field were measured in discharge gap and at a distance of 23.5 cm from the tip of the cathode. In addition, the current oscillograms and Ⅰ–Ⅴ characteristics of the plasma accelerator were obtained. In the experiments, we also observed the charge separation during the acceleration of plasma flow via oscillograms of electron and ion beam currents.

关键词： coaxial plasma accelerator pulsed plasmaﬂow self magneticﬁeld electron density electron temperature faraday cup magnetic probe

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