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Formal analysis and design of multi-party fair exchange protocols

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Science in China(Series F) 2006年第2期49卷 155-174页

作者： QING Sihan1,2,3 & LI Gaicheng1,3 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology, Beijing 100080, China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 1. Engineering Research Center for Information Security Technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of Information Technology Beijing 100080 China 3. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on the origin of message items and channel combination between transacting parties, and events and relations among events, this paper presents a concise, precise, and hierarchical model for general fair exchange protocols, formally specifies various security requirements which are able to reflect inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols more rigorously, and partition these security requirements with fine granularity. This work helps analyze, debug, and design multi-party fair exchange protocols more effectively and elaborately,

关键词： fair exchange logical protocol formal model security requirement.

MULTI-ITEM fair exchange SCHEME

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2002年第4期19卷 363-368页

作者： Zheng Dong Chen Kefei (Dept. of Computer Science Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Shanghai 200030) Dept. of Computer Science Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Shanghai

As more business is conduced over the Internet, the fair exchange problem assumes increasing importance. However, the problem of multi-party fair exchange has not been studied as widely as the more fundamental problem of 2-party fair exchange. Recently, Franklin arid Tsudik proposed two protocols for n-party multi-item exchange on FC'98, SUCEX-1 and SUCES-2. This paper first gives an attack on the proposed protocol SUCEX-1, then presents two protocols for multi-item exchange, one is an improved protocol of SUCEX-1, another is the extension of protocol SUCEX-2.

关键词： Electronic commerce fair exchange Protocol

An Identity-Based Scheme of fair exchange of Digital Signatures

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第6期11卷 1761-1764页

作者： YU Yong YANG Bo YANG Guoqing State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Xi＇an 710071 Shaanxi China College of Information South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510649 Guangdong China

fair exchange of digital signatures is an important tool for signing digital contracts, e-payment and other electronic commerce actions. An ID-based scheme of fair exchange of digital signature is proposed in this paper. The protocol relies on a trusted third party, but is ＂optimistic＂, in that the third party is only needed in cases where one player attempts to cheat or simply crashes. The proposed scheme has properties of short signature, low computation and verification cost. It can realize exchange of digital signatures fairly and effic, iently. A key feature of our scheme is that it is identity-based, which needs no certificates and has a simple key management. To our best knowledge, this is the first identity based scheme of fair exchange of digital signatures.

关键词： identity-based fair exchange digital signature

EAR Protocol-Towards fair Optimistic Non-Repudiation exchange

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2005年第2期12卷 59-63页

作者： WANG Hai-yan WANG Ru-chuan Department of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 P.R. China State Key Laboratory of Information Security Beijing 100039 P.R. China

fairness is of crucial importance for the exchange protocols via Internet . Non-repudiation therefore becomes one of the vital premises, which are essential in the exchange of sensitive and important messages. This paper is to propose a new exchange protocol, termed ＂EAR＂ exchange Protocol as it consists of three sub-protocols ： exchange sub-protocol, Abort sub-protocol and Recovery sub-protocol. It is to be argued that the incorporation of these three sub-protocols may effectively enables EAR to assure non-repudiation, strong fairness, timeliness, confidentiality and the minimized involvement of the Trusted Third Party （TTP）.

关键词： non-repudiation fair exchange protocol TTP

An efficient fair digital-signature exchange protocol

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An efficient fair digital-signature exchange protocol

Design and formal verification of a CEM protoco with transparent TTP

2006北京地区高校研究生学术交流会

作者：张青袁征温巧燕陈更力北京邮电大学

This paper presents a new protocol for fair exchange of digital-signature, which is based on the signature scheme from bilinear pairings, to support an e-commerce activity (*** signing) . The protocol employs an off-line trusted third-party (TTP), which participates in the protocol execution only in exceptional circumstances and which involvement in the protocol is invisible. It also can prevents the TTP from gaining the content of a contract document .The protocol is based on the verifiable and recoverable encrypted signature (VRES) from bilinear pairings, and in comparison with related protocols, it is much more efficient and has less communication and computation overhead.

关键词： fair exchange Digital signature Security protocol Bilinear pairings

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第2期7卷 279-297页

作者： Zhiyuan LIU Jun PANG Chenyi ZHANG School of Management Science and Engineering Shandong Normal UniversityChina Jinan 250000 Faculty of Science Technology and Communication University of LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg 1359 School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering University of Queensland Australia Brisbane QLD4072

In certified email （CEM） protocols, trusted third party （TTP） transparency is an important security require- ment which helps to avoid bad publicity as well as protecting individual users＇ privacy. Cederquist et al. proposed an opti- mistic certified email protocol, which employs key chains to reduce the storage requirement of the TTE We extend their protocol to satisfy the property of TTP transparency, using existing verifiably encrypted signature schemes. An imple- mentation with the scheme based on bilinear pairing makes our extension one of the most efficient CEM protocols satis- fying strong fairness, timeliness, and TTP transparency. We formally verify the security requirements of the extended pro- tocol. The properties of fairness, timeliness and effectiveness are checked in the model checker Mocha, and TTP trans- parency is formalised and analysed using the toolsets/~CRL and CADE

关键词： fair exchange CEM protocols fairness TTPtransparency formal verification

Blockchain-Based Secure and fair IoT Data Trading System with Bilateral Authorization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 1871-1890页

作者： Youngho Park Mi Hyeon Jeon Sang Uk Shin Electronics and Information Communications Research Center Pukyong National UniversityBusanKorea Department of Information Security Graduate SchoolPukyong National UniversityBusanKorea Division of Computer Engineering Pukyong National UniversityBusanKorea

These days,data is regarded as a valuable asset in the era of the data economy,which demands a trading platform for buying and selling ***,online data trading poses challenges in terms of security and fairness because the seller and the buyer may not fully trust each ***,in this paper,a blockchain-based secure and fair data trading system is proposed by taking advantage of the smart contract and matchmaking *** proposed system enables bilateral authorization,where data trading between a seller and a buyer is accomplished only if their policies,required by each other,are satisfied *** can be achieved by exploiting the security features of the matchmaking *** guarantee non-repudiation and fairness between trading parties,the proposed system leverages a smart contract to ensure that the parties honestly carry out the data trading ***,the smart contract in the proposed system does not include complex cryptographic operations for the efficiency of onchain ***,these operations are carried out by off-chain parties and their results are used as input for the on-chain *** system also uses an arbitration protocol to resolve disputes based on the trading proof recorded on the *** performance of the protocol is evaluated in terms of off-chain computation overhead and on-chain gas *** results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed protocols can enable the implementation of a cost-effective data trading system.

关键词： Bilateral authorization blockchain data marketplace fair exchange policy matching secure data trading

Generalization of perfect concurrent signatures

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2012年第6期19卷 94-104页

作者： YE Qing ZHENG Shi-hui GUO Hong-fu YANG Yi-xian Information Security Center Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Recently, Susilo et al.＇s perfect concurrent signature scheme （PCS1） and Wang et al.＇s improved perfect concurrent signature scheme （iPCS1） are proposed, which are considered as good improvements on concurrent signatures, and they adopt the same algorithms. In this paper, we develop generic perfect concurrent signature algorithms of which Susilo et al. and Wang et al.＇s algorithms turn out to be a special instance. We also obtain numerous new, efficient variants from the generic algorithms which have not been proposed before. To display the advantage of these variants, a modified privacy-preserving PCS protocol is given. It shows that the new variants adapt to the protocol well and can form concrete privacy-preserving PCS schemes, while the original algorithms do not. Security proofs and efficiency analysis are also given.

关键词： generalization perfect concurrent signature fair exchange variant Schnorr

Key substitution attacks on some verifiably encrypted signature schemes

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High Technology Letters 2011年第2期17卷 191-195页

作者：夏琦 Xu Chunxiang Yu Yong School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 P. R. China

As a special kind of digital signature, verifiably encrypted signatures are used as a building block to construct optimistic fair exchange. Many verifiably encrypted signature schemes have been proposed so far and most of them were proven secure under certain complexity assumptions. In this paper, however, we find that although some schemes are secure in a single-user setting, they are not secure in a multi-user setting any more. We show that Zhang, et al. ＇ s scheme, Gorantla, et al. ＇ s scheme and Ming, et al. ＇ s scheme are vulnerable to key substitution attacks, where an adversary can generate new keys satisfying legitimate verifiably encrypted signatures created by the legitimate users. We also show that this kind of attacks can breach the fairness when they are used in fair exchange in a multi-user setting.

关键词： cryptography fair exchange verifiably encrypted signature key substitution attack