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Assessment of two faecal sludge treatment plants in urban areas:Case study in Beijing

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 237-245页

作者： Cheng Shikun Zheng Lei Zhao Mingyue Bai Xue Li Zifu Heinz-Peter Mang Department of Environmental Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial PollutantsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing 100048China

Every day,human beings produce excreta all over the world,and the sludge that accumulates in waste disposal systems is referred to as the‘faecal sludge(FS)’.FS can cause serious environmental pollution in urban areas if it cannot be disposed of properly.A complete FS management system must include onsite sanitation technologies,FS collection and transport,a treatment plant,and resource recovery or disposal of the treatment *** on the treatment and reuse/disposal step of a FS complete service chain,this research presents two cases of FS treatment in *** Case 1,FS biogas plant adopts anaerobic digestion(AD)to treat FS,and the digestate can be used as biofertilizer in the surrounding *** Case 2,several technologies including solid-liquid separation,dewatering,pyrolysis,AD and co-composting are integrated to find innovative solutions for FS treatment.A comprehensive assessment including the aspects of technology,economy and environment is conducted for further SWOT(Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities and Threats)***,critical strategies are developed,which include(1)selecting project site for optimized transportation,maximum waste reuse,minimum environmental impact and convenient final effluent disposal;(2)planning technical options at a feasible study stage,considering resource recovery,secondary pollution prevention and fire protection;(3)exploring market channels for by-products sale to increase profitability;(4)guaranteeing engineering quality and service life for the purpose of sustainable operation;(5)minimizing health risks to persons exposed to the untreated FS;and(6)providing necessary training for hygiene *** cases in Beijing can provide valuable lessons for urban areas in developing countries and the strategies can provide a reference for stakeholders and decision-makers who intend to develop FS treatment projects.

关键词： faecal sludge kitchen waste composting anaerobic digestion SWOT

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Effect of Different Rates and Mixtures of Solid Household Waste and faecal sludge-Based Composts on Soil Fertility and Productivity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Dschang, West Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第7期14卷 448-470页

作者： Romary Ngnipa Tchinda Rodrigue Emmanuel Kenne Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Jovanie Gladys Kenfack Doris Temgoua Zombou Désiré Évariste Moundjeu Tsafack Richard Tanwi Ghogomu Emile Temgoua Dieudonné Bitom Oyono Department of Environmental Sciences of the Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and the Environment of the University of Bertoua Blabo Cameroon Department of Soil Science Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Research Unit Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon

The unbalanced and inadequate use of fertilizers is one of the causes of soil degradation. Combined with the ever-increasing population, it is necessary to find sustainable agricultural production alternatives. The present work aims to determine the effect of different rates and mixtutes of organic amendments on soil fertility and the performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In the field, treatments consisted of solid household waste and faecal sludge in the ratios of 3/5 (V1), and a mixture of faecal sludge and household waste in the ratio of 3/5 with 900 worms (V2). At the end of the composting process, V1, V2 composts and the poultry manure (PM) were applied at rates of 4, 5 and 6 t∙ha−1 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil samples were collected before and after the experiment and analyzed. The main results revealed that at the end of the composting process, there was a progressive improvement in the physico-chemical properties of V1 and V2 composts. In particular, the C/N ratio, phosphorus (P) and total nitrogen (TN) initially at 16.49 ± 0.42 (V1, V2), 21.06 ± 0.07 mg∙kg−1 (V1, V2), 0.76% ± 0.08% (V1, V2) respectively, increased after 60 days to 12.40 ± 0.41 (V1), 9.74 ± 0.28 (V2) for C/N, 21.94 ± 0.63 mg∙kg−1 (V1) and 22.04 ± 0.04 mg∙kg−1 (V2) for P, 0.96% ± 0.0% (V1) and 1.22 ± 0.04 (V2) for TN. The application of 6 t∙ha−1of PM had the greatest influence on the diameter and weight of the flower heads (27.16 ± 4.01 t∙ha−1 and 230.83 ± 2.64 t∙ha−1), while 4 t∙ha−1 of V2 gave the tallest sunflower plants (110.07 ± 73.28 cm) as well as the diameter at the crown (19.30 ± 9.07 cm). However, CEC was most influenced by 4 t∙ha−1 of V1, while 4 t∙ha−1 of PM had the greatest effect on organic carbon and phosphorus. However, 5 t∙ha−1 of PM showed the highest sunflower production and yield (1.67 ± 0.21 t∙ha−1). The combination with 900 earthworms is recommended for composting and 5 t∙ha−1 of PM is recommended to obtain a better sunfl

关键词： Sunflower faecal sludge Household Waste Compost Soil Fertility

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Uncovering the Challenges of faecal sludge Management in Benin’s Urban Hubs: The Cases of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第7期15卷 767-780页

作者： Nikita Topanou Blaise Agbatchi Gouvidé Jean Gbaguidi Jacques Fatombi Fidèle Paul Tchobo Kaba Laboratory of Chemical Research and Application (LaKReCA) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology of Natitingou University of Abomey Natitingou Bnin Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi (LERCA/EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Bnin

The issue of faecal sludge management in developing countries remains a significant challenge due to the indiscriminate discharge of sludge into the environment. This practice generates more environmental problems than it solves. This study aims to assess the management of household faecal sludge in the communes of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, Benin, in order to optimise the best storage conditions for subsequent more effective treatment. To this end, a sociological survey was conducted among households in Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, as well as among manual emptiers. The results of our studies revealed that two types of latrines are used in households. 20.55% of households use traditional latrines, while 59.83% use ordinary latrines. 7.97% of households use both types of latrine. Moreover, the depth of the latrines varies from 2.5 m to 7 m in Abomey-Calavi and from 2.5 m to 8 m in Natitingou. Among households with a latrine, 28.26% empty their pit at least once, while 71.74% have never emptied it. The emptying cost varies between 35,000 FCFA and 90,000 FCFA. The mixing of faecal sludge with solid waste, including plastic materials, makes emptying difficult due to the obstruction of the vacuum pump. The results obtained will serve as a reliable database to facilitate decision-making in the context of faecal sludge management.

关键词： Management faecal sludge Valorization Benin

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Performance of alkaline pretreatment on pathogens inactivation and sludge solubilization

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 216-223页

作者： Yin Fubin Li Zifu Mayiani Saino Dong Hongmin Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Inactivation of pathogen indicators(i.e.,faecal coliforms,Salmonella spp.,faecal streptococcus,and helminth eggs)were investigated during alkaline pretreatment(pH=10 and 12)in this *** performance of alkaline pretreatment on the inactivation pathogens,kinetic of pathogens inactivation and sludge solubilization was *** of alkaline pretreatment showed that the complete inactivation periods of pathogens time were 1.5 d,1.5 d,2 d,2.5 d,3 d,3 d and 3 d for faecal sludge total solids(TS)of 1%,2%,4%,6%,8%,10%and 12%,*** kinetics of pathogen inactivation can be predicted better by Weibull than the first-order ***,the relationship between alkaline pretreatment time and the TS content of the sludge agrees with the exponential equation(y=1.3543e10.002x,1%≤x≤8%)and logarithmic equation(y=3,8%≤x≤12%).Furthermore,alkaline pretreatment can improve sludge solubilization and has a more significant effect on protein solubilization than on soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD).

关键词： faecal sludge alkaline pretreatment pathogen inactivation kinetic sludge solubilization

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Assessment of Wastewater Management and Health Impacts in African Secondary Cities: Case of Dimbokro (Côte D’Ivoire)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第8期4卷 15-25页

作者： Sandotin Lassina Coulibaly Drissa Sangaré Sylvain Kouakou Akpo Seydou Coulibaly Habib Ben Bamba Lacina Coulibaly Unité de recherche en Biotechnologie et Ingénierie de l’Environnement Université Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te D’Ivoire Service Hydraulique et Assainissement TERRABO Ingénieur Conseil Abidjan C&#244te D’Ivoire

The majority of population growth in developing countries will occur in secondary cities where there is limited access to clean water and sanitation. Wastewater management priorities in these cities will be different from those in larger cities and developed countries. For this reason, it is important to assess wastewater management in these cities of sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed clean water supply, wastewater and faecal sludge management and associated health risks in Dimbokro, C?te D’Ivoire. The study was performed in March 2015 in 12 neighborhoods with a total of 703 households. In these neighborhoods, the questions were addressed and discussed with household head. The study revealed that the households of the city were structured on three topology habitats: residential (5%), economic (42%) and evolutive or yards housing (53%). For water supply, 99.4% of the households used water from SODECI, the local public water supply network, while the remaining 0.6% of surveyed household obtained water from wells. Domestic wastewater, used for doing laundry, dishwashing and showering, was disposed of in the following ways: directly into the street (33%), septic tank (23%), backyards (18%), storm drain (16%), sewer network (6%), pit latrine (3%) or into soakaway (2%). In addition, untreated wastewater was sometimes discharged into the N’Ziriver by certain households. 52% of households surveyed emptied latrines manually and 48 % used mechanic drain services. The most frequent diseases occurring in the households were Malaria (63%), Diarrhoea (13%) and Typhoid fever (9%) in the households of the city. In the light of this study, the municipal authorities of Dimbokro should provide the city with wastewater systems that drain to a central outlet system where the waste-water can be easily treated before final disposal for reuse in agriculture.

关键词： Diseases Households faecal sludge N’Zi River Secondary Cities Wastewater

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