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Analysis of Cognitive Radio for LTE and 5G Waveforms

Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第12期43卷 1207-1217页

作者： Ramesh Ramamoorthy Himanshu Sharma A.Akilandeswari Nidhi Gour Arun Kumar Mehedi Masud Centre for Artificial Intelligence Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India Institute of ECE Saveetha School of EngineeringChennaiIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif University11099Saudi Arabia

Spectrum sensing is one of the major concerns in reaching an efficientQuality of service (QOS) in the advanced mobile communication system. Theadvanced engineering sciences such as 5G, device 2 device communications(D2D), Internet of things (IoT), MIMO require a large spectrum for better service.Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is not a choice in advancedradio due to the Cyclic Prefix (CP), wastage of the spectrum, and so on. Hence, itis important to explore the spectral efficient advanced waveform techniques andcombine a cognitive radio (CR) with the 5G waveform to sense the idle spectrum,which overcomes the spectrum issue. The demand for spectrum is ever increasing;however, spectrum is limited and is an acutely scarce resource. To alleviate theissue, techniques like Cognitive Radios (CR) have been devised. However, suchtechniques are non-standardized, and many variations of CR algorithms have beentried and tested. This paper details the several spectrum sensing methods tailoredfor CR. We explain the benefits, uniqueness, and drawbacks of the various techniques to provide a comprehensive review of the scene, including all recent andnovel techniques of CR. Finally, we provided experimental results for the performance of the CR for key 5G and beyond modulation techniques to elaborate thedependency of the CR techniques for CR applications and provide a competitivereview of their performance. Experiments show that the CR integrated withNOMA shows better performance as compared with existing techniques.

关键词： CR Energy detection fbmc NOMA OFDM

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Performance Analysis of Modulation Techniques in 5G Communication System

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China Communications 2022年第8期19卷 100-114页

作者： Muhammet Tahir Guneser Ahmed Salahaldeenali Sahab Cihat Seker Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Engineering FacultyKarabuk UniversityTurkey

In the 5^(th) generation mobile communication(5G)system,better bitrate,better power consumption,and better Bit Error Rate are needed.To meet all these requirements in 5G,the waveform is important.Although the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)modulation scheme has been commonly used in 4G,it is difficult to meet the requirements of 5G.A lot of candidate waveforms are discussed in the 5G system included Filter Bank Multicarrier(fbmc),Universal Filtered Multicarrier(UFMC),Filtered OFDM(F-OFDM),and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing(GFDM),etc.However,since GFDM is no longer widely used,in this paper,fbmc,UFMC,and F-OFDM modulation schemes are discussed and compared with OFDM.Power Spectral Density(PSD),Bit Error Rate(BER),Transmitted Signal Power,Peak Average Power Ratio(PAPR)and Bit Rate parameters of the modulation schemes are studied and compared with OFDM.fbmc demonstrates to be the most promising modulation scheme for 5G systems.

关键词： PSD PAPR OFDM fbmc UFMC FOFDM

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Reconfigurable Logic Design of CORDIC Based FFT Architecture for 5G Communications

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 2803-2818页

作者： C.Thiruvengadam M.Palanivelan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Anjalai Ammal Mahalingam Engineering CollegeThiruvarur614403TamilnaduIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajalakshmi Engineering CollegeChennai602105TamilnaduIndia

There are numerous goals in next-generation cellular networks(5G),which is expected to be available soon.They want to increase data rates,reduce end-to-end latencies,and improve end-user service quality.Modern networks need to change because there has been a significant rise in the number of base stations required to meet these needs and put the operators’low-cost constraints to the test.Because it can withstand interference from other wireless networks,and Adaptive Complex Multicarrier Modulation(ACMM)system is being looked at as a possible choice for the 5th Generation(5G)of wireless networks.Many arithmetic units need to be used on the hardware side of multicarrier systems to do the pulse-shaping filters and inverse FFT.The main goal of this study is to adapt complex multicarrier modulation(ACMM)for baseband transmission with low complexity and the ability to change it.We found that this is the first recon-figurable architecture that lets you choose how many subcarriers a subband has while still having the same amount of hardware resources as before.Also,under the new design with a single selection line,it selects from a set of filters.The baseband modulating signal is evaluated and tested using a Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)device.This device is available from a commercial source.New technology outperforms current technology in terms of computational com-plexity,simple design,and ease of implementation.Additionally,it has a higher power spectrum density,spectral efficiency,a lower bit error rate,and a higher peak to average power ratio than existing technology.

关键词： Error analysis pulse-shaping filters reconfigurable architectures fbmc OFDM UFMC

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PAPR Reduction Using Advanced Partial Transmission Scheme for 5G Waveforms

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第8期42卷 483-492页

作者： Arun Kumar Sumit Chakravarty SSuganya Mehedi Masud Sultan Aljahdali Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905INDIA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kennesaw State UniversityGAUSA Electronics and Communication Engineering CMR Institute of TechnologyBangaloreINDIA Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif University11099Saudi Arabia

The implementation of Peak Average to Power Ratio(PAPR)reduction technologies will play an important role in the regularization of Fifth Generation(5G)radio communication.PAPR reduction in the advanced waveform will be the key part of designing a 5G network for different applications.This work introduces the simulation of an Advanced Partial Transmission Sequence(A-PTS)reduction techniques for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)and Filter Bank Multi-Carrier(fbmc)transmission schemes.In the projected A-PTS,the fbmc signals are mapped into the number of sub-blocks and Inverse Fast Fourier transform(IFFT)is performed to estimate the high peak power in the time domain.The fbmc sub-blocks are multiplied with the phase elements to achieve an optimal PAPR value.A MATLAB 2014v simulation is used to estimate the PAPR,Bit Error Rate(BER),Error Vector Magnitude(EVM),and Modulation Error Rate(MER)performance of the proposed reduction schemes.The simulated result reveals that the performance of the projected algorithm is better than the conventional algorithms.

关键词： PAPR PTS OFDM fbmc 5G

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Interference-Driven Designs of Nonlinear-Phase FIR Filter with Application in fbmc System

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China Communications 2016年第12期13卷 15-24页

作者： Jiangang Wen Jingyu Hua Sunan Li Kai Zhou Dongming Wang College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Zhejiang Key Lab.Commun.Network&Appl. Zhejiang Univ.Tech. National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory Southeast University

In the forthcoming 5G systems, new technologies, such as amorphous networks and non-orthogonal filter bank multicarriers(fbmc), provide an effective way to accommodate high-rate transmissions. Meanwhile, the prototype filter affects the adjacent channel interference, and therefore is important for fbmc systems. Besides, once the amorphous network is taken into account, the requirement for interference controlmust be much stricter. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the design of prototype filter with better ability of interference controlling, where we exploit the nonlinear phase FIR filter(NLPFF) instead of traditional linear phase FIR filter(LPFF) to achieve more optimization spaces under a small sacrifice of linear phase. In ourdesigns, both the amplitude and phase responsesare handled independently to approach the stopband performance enhancements, in while the nearly perfect reconstruction(NPR) conditionsare relaxed by pre-specified thresholds. Computer simulations confirm the effectiveness of the NLPFF designs, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed NLPFF in fbmc applications.

关键词： constrained minimax constrained least-square fbmc nonlinear-phase filter interference

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基于索引调制的fbmc水声抗干扰通信技术研究

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舰船科学技术 2022年第17期44卷 126-131页

作者：张明亮王彪朱雨男吴承希李涵琼江苏科技大学电子信息学院江苏镇江212100

考虑到现实水声通信环境中存在非连续频带干扰导致系统的接收端误码率较高的问题,本文提出一种基于索引调制的fbmc水声抗干扰通信(filter bank multi-carrier with index modulation, fbmc-IM)技术研究方案。首先分析无干扰情况下,水声F... 详细信息

考虑到现实水声通信环境中存在非连续频带干扰导致系统的接收端误码率较高的问题,本文提出一种基于索引调制的fbmc水声抗干扰通信(filter bank multi-carrier with index modulation, fbmc-IM)技术研究方案。首先分析无干扰情况下,水声fbmc-IM通信系统误码率性能要优于传统fbmc系统。根据非连续频带干扰频率范围,对水声fbmc-IM系统的通信频带进行划分,使得与非连续频带干扰信号混叠部分的子载波静默,未受干扰的子载波保持活跃状态并承载通信信号,实现不连续的通信频带划分来规避干扰的影响。仿真实验结果表明,该方案明显降低了系统接收端的误码率,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。

关键词：索引调制 fbmc fbmc-IM 抗干扰水声通信

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Interference-aware resource allocation algorithm in multicarrier-based cognitive radio networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2016年第3期23卷 37-44页

作者： Zhuang Ling Ma Long Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communication Chongqing University of Posts and Communications

Interference between users is a significant issue for resource allocation in cognitive radio （CR） networks. The interference induced by the secondary users （SUs） to the primary users （PUs） derives from two aspects： out-of-band leakage （OOBL）, spectrum sensing error （SSE）. Filter bank multicarrier （fbmc） has small out-of-band leakage and high spectral efficiency in comparison with that of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）. In this paper, a resource allocation algorithm with considering SSEs in CR networks is proposed. The interference model is established first and then the proposed algorithm is divided into two steps, power is allocated to SUs under both interference constraints and total power budget. Simulation results based on fbmc and OFDM systems show that the proposed algorithm causes less interference to the PUs than that of the algorithm without considering OOBL, the performance of fbmc in interference and throughput is better than OFDM in CR networks.

关键词： cognitive radio resource allocation spectrum sensing errors fbmc

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基于门控循环单元的fbmc调制信号检测技术研究

基于门控循环单元的FBMC调制信号检测技术研究

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作者：陈家鑫长春理工大学

学位级别：硕士

随着移动通信技术的飞速发展,5G已经逐渐的成长为维持社会中各行各业正常运作的大型基础性网络,其传输速率的大幅提高以及服务范围进一步扩大对物理层技术提出了很多的挑战,尤其是作为物理层关键技术之一的滤波器组多载波(Filter Bank M... 详细信息

随着移动通信技术的飞速发展,5G已经逐渐的成长为维持社会中各行各业正常运作的大型基础性网络,其传输速率的大幅提高以及服务范围进一步扩大对物理层技术提出了很多的挑战,尤其是作为物理层关键技术之一的滤波器组多载波(Filter Bank Multi-Carrier,fbmc)。在近十年,神经网络在图像处理和语音识别等领域中的卓越表现,引起了广大学者的广泛关注,其具备的灵活性以及强大针对性在fbmc系统有着很大的应用空间,上述特性可以打破传统fbmc系统模块的局限性,获取性能上的增益。因此本文研究了如何利用神经网络中的门控循环单元(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)对fbmc系统信号检测模块优化,主要内容包括:(1)研究了FC-GRU以及CNN-GRU在fbmc系统上的应用。针对神经网络缺少处理复数运算库函数的问题,论文将分析滤波器组滤波之后的复数数据进行预处理。GRU处理具有时序性的信号数据有优势,但单一的GRU网络对非线性数据的拟合能力不强,因此提出了基于FC-GRU的fbmc信号检测系统,利用FC-GRU网络模型对fbmc系统的信号检测模型进行改进。但是全连接层(fully connected layers,FC)对滤波之后数据特征的提取能力不足,于是将FC层替换成卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN),提出了基于CNN-GRU的fbmc信号检测系统。实验结果表明,由于GRU网络的加入,FC-GRU和CNN-GRU模型的表现分别优于单独使用FC和CNN的系统。与LS信道估计算法相比,基于FC-GRU和CNN-GRU的fbmc信号检测系统均表现出了更好的误码率(Bit Error Ratio,BER)性能,后者不仅拥有更优的BER性能而且对导频数目的依赖程度更低。(2)研究了GRU自编码网络在fbmc系统上的应用。受到基于自编码网络的单载波系统设计的影响,发现自编码网络输出输入一致的特性非常适用于通信系统,但是自编码网络在进行数据重构时,存在准确率会随着数据序列长度的增加而逐渐降低的问题,而GRU的长时间的记忆能力能够解决上述问题,因此提出GAE-SC系统,通过仿真验证其有效性之后,将其思想推广至fbmc多载波系统,提出了GAE-fbmc系统。通过实验结果可知,相比于基于FC-GRU和CNN-GRU的fbmc信号检测系统,GAE-fbmc系统在BER性能方面表现更优,其BER性能与MMSE信道估计算法的表现相差无几,并且该系统对导频数目的依赖性很低。经过仿真分析,本文提出的基于FC-GRU和CNN-GRU的fbmc信号检测系统以及GAE-fbmc系统,在BER性能方面得到了显著的提升。

关键词：门控循环单元 fbmc 信号检测自编码网络

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同步技术及其在5G里应用的研究

同步技术及其在5G里应用的研究

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作者：张伟南京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

移动通信的高速发展使人们的生活越来越便捷,信息交流的需求也越来越宽泛,这也对通信系统的性能提出了更高的要求,特别是在传输速度和可靠性方面,为了满足这些需求,第五代移动通信系统也在不断完善和普及。而系统的性能好坏与其同步算... 详细信息

移动通信的高速发展使人们的生活越来越便捷,信息交流的需求也越来越宽泛,这也对通信系统的性能提出了更高的要求,特别是在传输速度和可靠性方面,为了满足这些需求,第五代移动通信系统也在不断完善和普及。而系统的性能好坏与其同步算法的性能有很大关系,信号在经过发送端进行调制到各个子载波上面,提高了信号发送效率和频带利用率,再经过复杂的信道环境进行传输,可能会造成信号叠加干扰因子,造成信号出现时偏和频偏,在接收端对信号进行解调前,需要确定信号的起止位置,此时就需要用到精确的同步技术对定时同步点进行好的估计,才能进行下一步解调工作。本文首先对同步技术的研究现状和意义进行介绍,对于目前比较常用的多载波技术的系统模型进行分析,并对其原理和优缺点进行介绍。之后对OFDM系统的同步技术进行了深入的研究,并具体分析定时偏移和载波频偏对系统造成的影响,最后介绍基于CP和利用同步序列进行数据辅助的符号同步算法,对其进行仿真比较,并通过度量函数来对系统同步性能进行分析。然后本文对fbmc系统的调制解调原理进行了介绍,对其快速实现算法根据图示进行了说明,并与OFDM系统的快速实现算法进行了复杂度比较,通过时频分析的互模糊函数对时偏和频偏进行分析,再具体介绍定时偏移和载波频偏会给系统代入何种干扰,最后利用fbmc的同步训练结构对几种经典符号同步算法进行了介绍,并通过仿真来对比各个算法的同步性能。由于算法在定时精度和抗频偏性能方面可以进行优化,然后提出了改进算法,主要是进行了粗定时和细定时并进行了两次同步估计和补偿,通过仿真发现提高了定时精度。最后本文对UFMC系统的定时同步算法进行研究,先对同步训练序列结构进行设计,使其具有循环延迟冗余特性。然后介绍了一种经典的符号定时同步算法,由于其定时度量存在峰值平台和做延迟相关的噪声影响太大的问题,设计了一种新的同步训练结构和使用这种结构的同步改进算法,通过仿真发现这种改进算法具有更高的定时估计精度。

关键词：多载波技术 OFDM fbmc UFMC 同步

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FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR AMORPHOUS CELLULAR SYSTEMS

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China Communications 2016年第12期13卷 I0002-I0003页

作者： Shi Jin Feifei Gao Kai Luo Yongming Huang Wei Peng the faculty of the National Mo-bile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University the School of Electronics Information and Communications Huazhong University of Science and Technology 不详

The rapid developing of the fourth generation(4G)wireless communications has aroused tremendous demands for high speed data transmission due to the dissemination of various types of the intelligent user terminals as w... 详细信息

关键词： IEEE fbmc FUNDAMENTAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORIES AND SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR AMORPHOUS CELLULAR SYSTEMS MIMO FIR

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