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UAV Clustering Scheme for fanets using Elbow-Hybrid Metaheuristic Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第9期38卷 321-337页

作者： Kundan Kumar Rajeev Arya Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatna800005India

Great strides have been made to realistically deploy multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)within the commercial domain,which demands a proper coordination and reliable communication among the *** suffer from limited time of *** techniques suffer from high delay,low throughput,and early node death due to aerial topology of UAV *** deal with these issues,this paper proposes a UAV parameter vector which considers node energy,channel state information and mobility of *** intelligently estimating the proposed parameter,the state of UAV can be predicted ***,efficient clustering may be achieved by using suitable metaheuristic *** the current work,Elbow method has been used to determine optimal cluster count in the deployed *** proposed UAV parameter vector is then integrated into two popular hybrid metaheuristic algorithms,namely,water cycle-moth flame optimization(WCMFO)and Grey Wolf-Particle Swarm optimization(GWPSO),thereby enhancing the lifespan of the system.A methodology based on the holistic approach of parameter and signal formulation,estimation model for intelligent clustering,and statistical parameters for performance analysis is carried out by the energy consumption of the network and the alive node *** simulations are run to demonstrate node density variations to validate the theoretical developments for various proportions of network system *** proposed method presents significant improvement over conventional stateof-the-art methods.

关键词： Clustering elbow method hybrid UAVs fanets energy consumption

An Improved iBAT-COOP Protocol for Cooperative Diversity in fanets

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2527-2546页

作者： Shahzad Hameed Qurratul-Ain Minhas Sheeraz Ahmed Shabana Habib Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Muhammad Islam Sheroz Khan Quaid-i-Azam University IslamabadPakistan Iqra National University PeshawarPakistan Network and Communication Technology Lab Center for Cyber SecurityUKMBangiMalaysia Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Onaizah College of Engineering&Information TechnologyAl-QassimSaudi Arabia

Flying ad hoc networks(fanets)present a challenging environment due to the dynamic and highly mobile nature of the *** network topology and uncertain node mobility structure of fanets do not aim to consider only one path *** different techniques are adopted to address the issues arising in fanets,from game theory to clustering to channel estimation and other statistical *** approaches mostly employ traditional concepts for problem *** of the novel approaches that provide simpler solutions to more complex problems is to use biologically inspired *** Nature-inspired schemes address cooperation and alliance which can be used to ensure connectivity among network *** such species that resembles the dynamicity of fanets are *** this paper,the biologically inspired metaheuristic technique of the BAT Algorithm is proposed to present a routing protocol called iBATCOOP(Improved BAT Algorithm using Cooperation technique).We opt for the design implementation of the natural posture of bats to handle the necessary flying ***,we envision the concept of cooperative diversity using multiple relays and present an iBAT-COOP routing protocol for *** paper employs cooperation for an optimal route selection and reflects on distance,Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR),and link conditions to an efficient level to deal with FANET’s *** way of simulations,the performance of iBAT-COOP protocol outperforms BAT-FANET protocol and reduces packet loss ratio,end-to-end delay,and transmission loss by 81%,21%,and 82%***,the average link duration is improved by 25%compared to the BAT-FANET protocol.

关键词： Routing protocols UAVs fanets iBATCOOP BATCOOP

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基于联盟博弈的无线网络信息共享研究

南开大学学报（自然科学版） 2018年第4期51卷 79-84页

作者：付晓梅付伟伊陈莉天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院天津300072

基于联盟形成博弈理论来解决无人机无线网络(fanets)中的移动节点之间的信息共享问题.将过程分2个阶段,第1个阶段为信息交换阶段,将检测到的不同信息相互交换.第2个阶段为信息分发阶段,将拥有的第1阶段全部信息(全部目标信息)传递给任... 详细信息

基于联盟形成博弈理论来解决无人机无线网络(fanets)中的移动节点之间的信息共享问题.将过程分2个阶段,第1个阶段为信息交换阶段,将检测到的不同信息相互交换.第2个阶段为信息分发阶段,将拥有的第1阶段全部信息(全部目标信息)传递给任务节点.这2个阶段均采用联盟形成算法.仿真结果表明这种信息共享方法比传统的采用非合作的方式传递信息可以降低时延,提高可靠性.

关键词：联盟形成博弈无线网络信息共享 fanets

Intelligent cluster routing scheme for flying ad hoc networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 76-89页

作者： Ali KHAN Somaiya KHAN Athar Shahzad FAZAL Zhongshan ZHANG Adnan Omer ABUASSBA School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology School of Information Technology Arab Open University

Flying ad hoc networks are used for many critical tasks. The network formation for routing data becomes difficult because of the mobility of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). To solve the communication issue, we propose an intelligent cluster routing scheme for flying ad hoc networks(CRSF). Cluster head(CH)selection in our proposed methodology is based on fitness, which is determined by the position and UAVs’ residual energy. For the efficient management of UAV swarm, a cluster management mechanism is also proposed, inspired by moth flame optimization. In CRSF, for stable cluster maintenance, a CH re-selection mechanism is proposed in detail, which helps maintain the cluster for effective topology management. A routing mechanism for UAV communication is proposed for CRSF. The route selection for transmission of information is performed using the route identification function based on the Euclidean distance and residual energy. The performance of the proposed CRSF is evaluated and compared with the existing routing algorithms.

关键词： self-organized unmanned aerial vehicles UAV clustering routing fanets

UAPM: An Urgency-Aware Packet Management for Disaster Management Using Flying Ad-Hoc Networks

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China Communications 2019年第11期16卷 167-182页

作者： Ali Khan Farooq Aftab Zhongshan Zhang School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China.

The ever increasing demand of adhoc networks for adaptive topology and mobility aware communication led to new paradigm of networking among Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)known as Flying ad-hoc Networks(fanets).Due to their dynamic topology,fanets can be deployed for disaster monitoring and surveillance *** these operations,UAVs need to transmit different disaster data,which consists of different types of data *** them there are packets which need to be transmitted urgently because of the emergency situation in disaster *** handle this situation,we propose a methodology of disaster data classification using urgency level and based on these urgency levels,priority index is assigned to data *** approach of Urgency Aware Scheduling(UAS)is proposed to efficiently transmit high and low priority packets with minimum delays in transmission *** take into account different scenarios of UAVs for disaster management and for N number of UAVs,we propose bio-inspired mechanism using behavioral study of bird flocking for cluster formation and ***,we propose a priority based route selection methodology for data communication in FANET *** show that our proposed mechanism shows better performance in the presence of evaluation benchmarks like average delay,queuing time,forward percentage and fairness.

关键词： fanets disaster management data priority clustering self-organization

An Efficient Medium Access Control Mechanism for Flying Ad-hoc Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第7期38卷 47-63页

作者： Muhammad Asghar Khan Fazal Noor Insaf Ullah Sajjad ur Rehman Shibli Nisar Mohaira Ahmad Department of Electronic Engineering ISRA UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Islamic University of MadinahMadinah400411Saudi Arabia Hamdard Institute of Engineering&Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Namal InstituteMianwali42200Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan

The Flying Ad-hoc Networks(fanets)is characterized by the transition from a single large Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)to multiple small UAVs connected in an ad-hoc *** high mobility is the core feature of such networks,they are prone to route breaks within the *** issue of connectivity loss can be coped with,to some extent,by making use of omnidirectional *** modification,however,curtails Quality-of-Service(QoS)requirements of networks in terms of bandwidth,media access delay,coverage and ***,directional antennas have advantages over omnidirectional antennas such as improved transmission range,spatial reuse and high ***,its introduction raises location-dependent issues to the Medium Access Control(MAC)*** calls for an efficient MAC protocol that can cater to new directional antenna models and,at the same time,can counter the constraints associated with the dynamic ***,in this article,we consider a UAV interconnection mechanism that lets the UAVs execute the communication tasks using the directional MAC *** technique is advantageous as compared to the approach of utilizing the MAC protocol using omnidirectional *** scheme is being implemented as a case study for Industry 4.0 inventory and traceability applications in the *** modeling and simulation purposes,we use the Optimized Network Engineering Tool(OPNET)and aim to seek an evaluation with respect to throughput,media access delay,retransmission attempts and data *** results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： fanets QoS Industry 4.0 IEEE 802.11 MAC OPNET mobility models directional antenna

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一种基于增强学习的飞行自组网地理路由协议

计算机科学与应用 2022年第2期12卷 304-314页

作者：杨斌王辛果成都信息工程大学计算机学院四川成都中国航空工业无线电电子研究所上海

飞行自组网(fanets,Flying Ad-Hoc Networks的缩写)是航空平台组建的自组网网络,不依赖固定通信设施,具备部署快,健壮性高等优势,可广泛应用于应急通信和军事等场景。然而,由于航空平台的移动速率更高,飞行自组网的网络拓扑动态性更高,... 详细信息

飞行自组网(fanets,Flying Ad-Hoc Networks的缩写)是航空平台组建的自组网网络,不依赖固定通信设施,具备部署快,健壮性高等优势,可广泛应用于应急通信和军事等场景。然而,由于航空平台的移动速率更高,飞行自组网的网络拓扑动态性更高,现有的移动自组网路由协议无法直接适用。在现有的fanets的路由协议中,基于地理位置的路由协议相较于其他路由协议具有很大的优势,它仅依靠于节点的地理坐标,不建立和维护端到端连接。但是,现有的基于地理位置的路由协议也存在最优转发节点选择困难和端到端延迟较高等问题。为此,本文提出了一种基于增强学习的地理路由协议,称为QEgr。该协议基于Q-Learning算法综合考虑了链路稳定性和延迟,并使用了ns3-gym模拟器与其他路由协议进行了比较。实验表明,与GPSR、Q-Grid、Q-Geo等经典地理路由协议相比,QEgr具有更低的端到端延迟和更高的数据包发送成功率。

关键词： fanets Q-Learning 地理路由协议 ns3-Gym

面向无人机应急网络的低时延路由设计与资源调度研究

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面向无人机应急网络的低时延路由设计与资源调度研究

作者：印思源北京邮电大学

学位级别：硕士

我国的幅员辽阔以及气候地形的多样化,使我国每年都会发生大量自然灾害。当重大天灾出现后,地面的通信基础设施可能面临严重损毁,恶劣的灾区环境与复杂的地形会导致救援人员无法深入灾区,通信服务无法覆盖,这就为灾情信息的及时获取带... 详细信息

我国的幅员辽阔以及气候地形的多样化,使我国每年都会发生大量自然灾害。当重大天灾出现后,地面的通信基础设施可能面临严重损毁,恶劣的灾区环境与复杂的地形会导致救援人员无法深入灾区,通信服务无法覆盖,这就为灾情信息的及时获取带来了巨大的挑战。近几年来,飞行自组织网络(Flying Ad Hoc Networks,fanets)由于其灵活、易部署的特点获得了巨大的发展,在许多民用和军用场景下有非常广泛的应用,也为灾情感知和应急通信提供了一种十分有效的解决方案。然而,fanets在应急场景中的路由应用还存在两方面的问题:首先,由于无人机能量消耗受限,每个节点在网络中的生存时间有限,节点频繁离开与加入网络,导致网络拓扑变化加剧,加之无人机节点间使用无线通信,灾区恶劣环境加剧了无线链路的不稳定性。传统路由协议无法适应无人机通信的特点,加剧了丢包、时延等问题。其次,由于应急救灾的紧急性,应急通信对灾情信息的时效性有很高的要求,而传统路由方式缺少相关的性能指标,无法针对性设计路由方法。因此,针对以上两个方面的问题,本文对无人机应急通信网络中的路由方案进行了相关的研究。以下是具体研究内容:首先,考虑到应急场景下感知、通信覆盖的需求,采用fanets对灾情区域进行服务覆盖,针对无人机无线通信的特点,在传统路由OLSR的基础上,额外考虑无人机节点能耗、信道带宽、数据包队列长度等信息对路由性能的影响,研究基于链路状态的无人机拥塞避免路由,对路由协议中继节点选择机制以及路径计算方案进行优化,以达到减少传输时延和丢包率,提高吞吐量的效果。其次,考虑到应急场景中对灾情感知与传输的需求,利用fanets对灾情采样与传输扩散。由于无人机节点能耗有限,无限制的信息收集会导致组网存活时间减少;此外,考虑应急通信对灾情信息时效性的高要求,无策略的信息收集与转发会导致部分节点处信息时效性较差。因此,面向节省能耗和提高信息时效性,优化采集无人机的采集频率并设计传输无人机的路由和传输调度策略,以保证每个传输无人机处的数据都具有一定时效性。为了描述信息的时效性,引入新的度量AoI(Age of Information),即信息年龄,作为一种新的性能指标来量化数据的及时性。最后,为了对本文所提优化路由协议进行实现验证,使用树莓派构建无线Ad Hoc节点,将优化路由协议部署在所有节点上,并利用linux系统的数据包过滤系统设置拓扑结构,最后在实际场景中进行数据包收发的性能测试,验证了此协议可以有效减少丢包,降低时延以及增加吞吐量,具有一定的实际应用价值。

关键词： fanets 路由 AoI 李雅普诺夫优化

无人机自组织网络中的OLSR路由协议的研究与优化

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无人机自组织网络中的OLSR路由协议的研究与优化

作者：李子恒哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

随着无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)的发展与普及,无人机应用逐渐进入到社会生活的各个领域,无人机自组织网络(Flying Ad-hoc Networks,fanets)也受到了越来越多的关注。一直作为移动自组织网络的关键技术的路由协议,在无人机自... 详细信息

随着无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)的发展与普及,无人机应用逐渐进入到社会生活的各个领域,无人机自组织网络(Flying Ad-hoc Networks,fanets)也受到了越来越多的关注。一直作为移动自组织网络的关键技术的路由协议,在无人机自组织网络中也显得尤为重要。然而,无人机节点的高速移动性带来的网络拓扑结构快速变化使无人机自组网的网络性能更易受到影响,所以传统自组织网中的路由协议无法很好的应用到无人机自组织网络。此外,能源受限问题等因素也对fanets路由技术提出了更大的挑战。因此,本文依据fanets自身的网络特点,对优化链路状态路由(Optimized Link State Routing,OLSR)协议进行研究与优化,以提高其应用于fanets中的传输性能,使其更加适用于无人机自组织网络。本文的主要工作内容如下:首先,针对无人机节点的高移动性所带来的网络拓扑变化频繁的问题,综合考虑节点间的链路传输质量和链路稳定度,本文对OLSR协议的多点广播中继机制(Multi Point Relay,MPR)进行了优化,提出了基于节点链路传输质量和移动相似度的优化MPR集选择算法,以加权的综合链路评价指标取代节点连接度作为MPR集选择准则。并在NS-2仿真器下,进行了分组投递率、端到端时延、路由控制开销三方面的仿真对比分析,验证了本文所提算法在分组投递率和平均端到端时延方面的性能提升。其次,针对OLSR协议固定的路由分组发送间隔在不同网络条件下所产生的不利影响,以及优化MPR集选择算法所导致的路由开销增大的问题,本文提出了自适应的路由控制分组传输优化算法,通过监听网络拓扑变化情况自适应的调整HELLO消息和TC分组的发送间隔,在尽可能保证网络传输性能的前提下降低路由控制开销。并在优化MPR集选择算法的基础上应用此路由分组传输优化算法,利用NS-2进行了仿真实验,验证了本文所提算法能够切实地降低路由控制开销,并一定程度上提升分组投递率。最后,本文进行了基于OLSR协议的无人机自组网系统的硬件实现工作,利用DJI M100无人机和树莓派3B+,结合DJI OSDK软件开发包和ROS系统,以1台电脑作为地面站、2架无人机作为空中节点,完成了无人机自组网的系统实现。

关键词： fanets OLSR协议 MPR 路由控制分组 NS-2 ROS