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An Easily Compatible eye-tracking System for Freely-moving Small Animals

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第6期38卷 661-676页

作者： Kang Huang Qin Yang Yaning Han Yulin Zhang Zhiyi Wang Liping Wang Pengfei Wei Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Guang-dong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and BehaviorCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyBrain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China University of Chinese Academy of Seiences Bejing 100049China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055.China

Measuring eye movement is a fundamental approach in cognitive science as it provides a variety of insightful parameters that reflect brain states such as visual attention and *** eye-tracking with multimodal neural recordings or manipulation techniques is beneficial for understanding the neural substrates of cognitive *** commercially-available and custom-built systems have been widely applied to awake,head-fixed small ***,the existing eyetracking systems used in freely-moving animals are still limited in terms of their compatibility with other devices and of the algorithm used to detect eye ***,we report a novel system that integrates a general-purpose,easily compatible eye-tracking hardware with a robust eye feature-detection *** ultra-light hardware and a detachable design,the system allows for more implants to be added to the animal's exposed head and has a precise synchronization module to coordinate with other neural ***,we systematically compared the performance of existing commonly-used pupil-detection approaches,and demonstrated that the proposed adaptive pupil feature-detection algorithm allows the analysis of more complex and dynamic eye-tracking data in freemoving *** eye-tracking and electroencephalogram recordings,as well as algorithm validation under five noise conditions,suggested that our system is flexibly adaptable and can be combined with a wide range of neural manipulation and recording technologies.

关键词： eye-tracking Freely-moving Head-mounted device Pupil detection Adaptive Kalman filter

Segmented trust assessment in autonomous vehicles via eye-tracking

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Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles 2024年第2期7卷 151-161页

作者： Miklós Lukovics Szabolcs Prónay Barbara Nagy Faculty of Economics and Business Administration University of SzegedSzeged H-6726Hungary

Previous studies have identified trust as one of the key factors in the technology acceptance of autonomousvehicles. As these studies mostly investigated the population in general, little is known about segment-specific ***, the widely used survey methods are less able to capture the deeper forms of trust—which neuroscientificmethods are much better suited to capture. The main objective of our research is to study trust as one of the key factors oftechnology acceptance related to autonomous vehicles by using neuroscientific methods for specific consumer ***-time eye-tracking tests were applied to a sample of 113 participants, combined with a posttest self-report. The testswere carried out under laboratory conditions during which our subjects watched videos recorded with the internal camerasof autonomous vehicles. Based on the fixation count, total fixation duration, and pupil dilation, we empirically verified thatthe trust level of all five identified segments is relatively low, while the trust level of the “traditional rejecting” segment is thelowest. An increase in trust level can be shown if the subjects receive extra information about the journey. Anotherimportant finding is that the self-reported trust level is not always congruent with the eye-tracking analysis results;therefore,combined approaches can lead to greater measurement validity.

关键词： autonomous vehicles(AVs) technology acceptance trust eye-tracking

Revisiting processing time for metaphorical expressions： An eye-tracking study on eye-voice span during sight translation

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外语教学与研究 2018年第5期50卷 744-759页

作者： Zheng Binghan Zhou Hao School of Modem Languages and Cultures Durham University Elvet Riverside New Elvet Durham DH 13JT United Kingdom

This paper aims to investigate the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eyeandvoice,insighttranslatingmetaphoricalexpressions(MEs).24MAtranslation students, with no professional translation or interpreting experience, were asked to conduct a sight translation (STR) task, and the processes were registered by eye-tracker and audio recorder. The qualified eye-tracking and audio data were further analysed by Tobii Studio and Audacity audio processing software. Our findings suggest that the time of the pause preceding an ME was largely, but not entirely, spent in processing the ensuing ME. However, due to the general existence of reading ahead activities in STR, the planning step for sight translating an ME takes place prior to the preceding pause; moreover, due to local processing difficulty causedbytheME,thetimeforreadingaheadintoME(temporalEVS)ismostlygreater than for reading ahead beyond ME. Our findings also reveal that the rate of methodological deviation(causedbythetwodifferentcalculationapproaches)forMEprocessingtimeis around10%,butthetwoprocessingtimeshavedemonstratednostatisticallysignificant difference, validating the processing time calculated by audio data in Zheng&Xiang (2013).We conclude this paper with some reservation on eye-tracking translation research:though powerful in providing solid and informative process data, it has some limitations in clearly probing into intricate human cognitive process.

关键词： sight translation metaphorical expression eye-voice span processing time eye-tracking

Gazing through the bubble:an experimental investigation into financial risk‑taking using eye‑tracking

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 750-776页

作者： Filip‑Mihai Toma Cosmin‑Octavian Cepoi Matei Nicolae Kubinschi Makoto Miyakoshi NEXARCH Lab BucharestRomania California Institute of Technology 1200 E California BlvdPasadenaCA 91125USA Bucharest University of Economic Studies Mihail Moxa RoadNo.11010964 BucharestRomania CEFIMO–Center of Financial and Monetary Research The Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharestRomania Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience Institute for Neural ComputationUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA 92093‑0559USA

eye tracking can facilitate understanding irrational decision-making in contexts such as financial *** this purpose,we develop an experimental framework in which participants trade a risky asset in a simulated bubble market to maximize individual returns while their eye movements are *** are sensitive to eye movement dynamics,depending on the presented visual *** eye-tracking data,we investigated the effects of arousal,attention,and disengagement on individual payoffs using linear and nonlinear *** estimating a nonlinear model using attention as a threshold variable,our results suggest that arousal positively influences trading returns,but its effect becomes smaller when attention exceeds a certain threshold,whereas disengagement has a higher negative impact on reduced attention levels and becomes almost irrelevant when attention ***,we provide a neurobehavioral metric as a function of attention that predicts financial gains in boomand-bust *** study serves as a proof-of-concept for developing future psychometric measures to enhance decision-making.

关键词： Financial bubble Experiment Risk-taking eye-tracking Attention Arousal

eye-tracking analysis in interactive information retrieval

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Journal of Library Science in China 2019年 150-152页

作者： WU Dan LIU Chunxiang 不详

eye-tracking was first used in the study of reading behavior,and with the development of this technology,it has been widely used in psychology,medicine,advertising,human-computer interaction and other *** present,the application of eye-tracking technology in the field of information retrieval is also a frontier *** Information Retrieval(IIR)has a strong interdisciplinary nature.

关键词： eye-tracking interactive information

Proof of Effectiveness of PASCOFLAIR®in Subjects Suffering from Examination Anxiety Using Quantitative EEG in Combination with eye-tracking (EnkephaloVision). A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, 2-Armed, Phase IV Study in Parallel Design

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第10期7卷 424-442页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel Gwladys N. Chiegoua Dipah Samir Suliman Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Germany NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany

The pharmaco-dynamic action of plant-derived drugs still remains a big challenge in the field of pharmacology. This applies especially for the discovering of the possible mechanism of action. With respect to the brain, surrogate parameters may be very helpful. Non-invasive pharmaco-EEG has been proven to provide valid information on drug effects in general. Fast dynamic EEG recording with epoch length of 364 ms has now been achieved in combination with eye-tracking in order to elucidate single scenes during cognitive and emotional challenges (EnkephaloVision). The present investigation deals with the psychophysiological characterization of the effect of a plant-derived preparation marketed in Germany under the name of PASCOFLAIR® containing 425 mg of passionflower extract in subjects suffering from examination anxiety. Forty healthy volunteer subjects (17 men and 23 woman), with ages varying between 18 and 40 years (26 ± 6.726 for men and 25 ± 5.397 for women) were included into the study when having a score higher than 60 in the PAF (PrÜfungsangstfragebogen). Spectral power analysis of pre-drug data with respect to beta waves revealed a significant correlation to the score of the PAF. Increases of delta, theta and beta waves as induced by 4 cognitive and 4 emotional challenges were attenuated in the presence of 2 tablets of PASCOFLAIR® already 45 minutes after intake in a statistically significant manner in comparison to placebo. Regarding attenuation of beta1 and beta2 spectral power, effects on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, respectively, can be suspected according to our knowledge of frequency—transmitter relations. Accordingly, this attenuation must be interpreted as ability to counteract examination induced stress symptoms. Results confirm and extend earlier experimental data showing a calming action of PASCOFLAIR®.

关键词： EEG Source Density Spectral Power PASCOFLAIR® Psychophysiology Cognition Emotion Stress CATEEM® Neurocode-tracking eye-tracking Enkephalovision

Psychophysiological Effects of Zembrin^®Using Quantitative EEG Source Density in Combination with eye-tracking in 60 Healthy Subjects. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Armed Study with Parallel Design

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 114-132页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel Nigel Gericke Samir Suliman Gwladys N. Chiegoua Dipah Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Germany HG&H Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd. Bryanston South Africa NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany

The endemic South African succulent plant Sceletium tortuosum (L.) N.E. Br., family Mesembryathemaceae, is known as kanna in Nama, kougoed in Afrikaans, and sceletium in English. The plant has been used as a tea and as a masticatory for millennia by indigenous San hunter-gatherers and Nama pastoralists for endurance and well-being. It has been reported that the plant “gives strength to their limbs, and takes away pain, and makes their memory strong”. The current investigation aimed at the psychophysiological characterization of 25.0 and 50.0 mg of a special extract marketed as Zembrin® in comparison to placebo using a new methodology called “EnkephaloVision”. This combination of EEG Neurocode-tracking and eye-tracking allows for concomitant analysis of time epochs of only 364 ms duration. Spectral EEG analysis during cognitive and emotional challenges revealed statistically significant increases of delta (p ® within the frontal brain. It is these same increases of slow waves in the frontal brain that are described in the literature during performance of mental tests. This indicates a positive effect of Zembrin® on the electrical activity of the brain during cognitive processing. In addition, alpha1 and alpha2 spectral power in the frontal brain was increased during several challenges including brain teasing, arithmetic calculations and performance of a memory test. From the literature, increases of spectral alpha1 power indicate a greater degree of calmness and may represent decreased depressive symptoms, while increases in alpha2 waves have been related to memory. Beta2 waves increased during mental performance in the presence of the higher dosage of Zembrin® in parietal, occipital and temporal brain regions. In comparison to placebo, Zembrin® induce

关键词： Sceletium Tortuosum Zembrin® EEG Neurocode-tracking eye-tracking Psychophysiology Spectral Power EnkephaloVision CATEEM®

Neuromarketing: Neurocode-tracking in Combination with eye-tracking for Quantitative Objective Assessment of TV Commercials

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2015年第4期5卷 137-147页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel c/o NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany

The term “neuromarketing” suggests a combination of marketing research and brain research. Within marketing research, objective assessment of TV commercials is performed by use of eye-tracking devices. Brain research has been dominated by NMRI technologies during the last years. However, information content and time resolution are much better when monitoring electric activity by spectral analysis. The current experimental approach was initiated in order to test the combination of a newly developed EEG technology (Neurocode-tracking) with commercially available eye-tracking. Ten male subjects were exposed to a reference recording condition (watching a fixed cross on the screen) followed by 5 TV commercials representing 5 different banks. Video films obtained from eye-tracking (so-called heat maps) were synchronized with the results of Neurocode-tracking in form of a second video with a time resolution of 364 ms per image. Spectral power analysis of the EEG in different brain regions allowed for assessment of single scenes for cognitive and emotional responses. Averaging of data over the whole time course gave information on mental activation, attention, visual perception, memory, pleasure and tension. Comparison of the 5 commercials to reference recording revealed the clip of the Targo-Bank having the highest values with respect to mental activation and *** experiments have proven that the combination of Neurocode-tracking with eye-tracking can be successfully used in advertisement research and gives valid information on individual as well as group dependent cognitive and emotional responses leading to objective assessment of TV commercials.

关键词： Neurocode-tracking eye-tracking Quantitative EEG TV Commercials CATEEM^(■)

Quantitative Objective Assessment of Websites by Neurocode-tracking in Combination with eye-tracking

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2014年第8期4卷 384-395页

作者： Wilfried Dimpfel Andrè Morys Justus-Liebig-University Giessen c/o NeuroCode AG Wetzlar Germany Web Arts AG Bad Homburg v. d. Hohe Germany

Assessment of websites remains a definite challenge within advertisement research. In order to gather objective information, one possibility exists in using eye-tracking. This method allows for determination of where and how long particular areas of a website are fixed. However, longer fixation values do not necessarily reflect higher attention or even memorizing of the content. It could also mean that the content is too complicated. Therefore more information can be obtained by addition of quantitative analysis of brain electricity. Following the changes of the frequency content of electric brain activity has been recently introduced as “Neurocode-tracking”. In the present study, quantitative assessment of websites has been performed by the combination of Neuro-code-tracking with eye-tracking. Fast dynamic quantitative EEG recording with a time resolution of nearly 3 images/second provided electric power values according to frequency analysis in 17 brain regions (electrode positions). Particular values represented changes of electric brain activity, which were interpreted to represent visual perception, mental activation, concentration, stimulation, memory and tension according to earlier experience. eye-tracking was performed in a conventional manner by defining special areas of interest for detection of fixation lengths and time to first awareness. Ten male subjects (aged 36 ± 4.4 years) entered the study. They were asked to view Internet landing pages of five bank institutions: ComDirect, DKB, INGDiBa, Postbank and Targo-Bank. According to eye-Track analysis, ComDirect was recognized to have the shortest time-to-awareness with respect to conditions, bonus, faces and application or address form. With respect to region of interest “service”, INGDiBa showed the shortest time-to-awareness. Neurocode-tracking provided best results for INGDiBa with respect to mental activation and concentration. Stimulation and memory values were headed by Targo-Bank. Lowest tension w

关键词： Neurocode-tracking eye-tracking Quantitative EEG Internet Surfing CATEEM