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extreme weather as a window:Exploring the seek and supply of climate change information during meteorological disasters in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第4期14卷 615-623页

作者： Wen SHI San-Mei WEN Jing ZHANG Bowering DANNA Chen-Chen HOU Jing YANG Jing SU School of Journalism and Communication Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China School of Journalism and Communication Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Journalism School Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China School of Humanities Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Culture and Media Xinjiang University of Finance&EconomicsUrumqi 830012China

Public engagement is essential for China to address climate change;however,few studies have explored how to encourage climate awareness among Chinese *** objective of this study is to explore the role of local extreme weather in advancing Chinese people's climate change *** local extreme weather functions as an opportunity to trigger the public's interest in climate change across China and whether the local online information environment resonances with extreme weather by providing climate change news feeds have been examined by a combination of city-level meteorological warnings and search engine *** results have verified that residents from 50 of the 360 cities show increasing concern for climate change when an extreme weather event occurs locally;however,only the online information environment of two cities echoes local extreme weather by providing more information about climate change or global *** between extreme weather events such as heavy rain,an extreme weather event that has occurred in China,and climate change are *** effect of extreme cold events and snowfall on climate change awareness should also be noted more in *** study suggests there is still a lot of room for improvement regarding both increasing and satisfying the public's pre-existing climate change-related concerns.A promising approach would be adopting climate change prevention and adaptation as a news report framework for extreme weather events.

关键词： Climate change extreme weather Public engagement Search engine

extreme weather Disruptions and Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in Ohio: An Eight-County Assessment

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第2期15卷 213-225页

作者： Smitha Rao Fiona C.Doherty Anthony Traver Marisa Sheldon Emma Sakulich Holly Dabelko‑Schoeny College of Social Work The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Age Friendly Innovation Center College of Social WorkThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA College of Public Health The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

The disproportionate risks and impacts of climate change and extreme weather on older adults are increasingly evident. While especially true in disaster-prone areas, human-caused climate change introduces an element of uncertainty even in previously identified “safe” regions such as the Midwestern United States. Using a cumulative disadvantage and vulnerability-informed framework and descriptive statistics from multiple data sources, this article provides an overview of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and county-level characteristics, focusing on older adults living in Central Ohio. A comparative multiple-case study methodology was used to triangulate regionally representative primary and secondary data sources to examine state and county-level measures of vulnerability, emergency preparedness, and disruptions caused by extreme weather among older adults across eight counties in Central Ohio. Seventy-eight percent of older adults in the sample reported being prepared for emergencies per Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines. Older adults in Union County reported the highest rates of preparedness, while those in Fayette County reported the lowest. County-level rates of disruption of life activities by extreme weather ranged widely. Among the most rural in the region, Fayette County emerged as uniquely disadvantaged, with the lowest median income, the most vulnerable across multiple social vulnerability dimensions, and the most reported disruptions to life activities from extreme weather. County profiles offer a snapshot of existing vulnerabilities, socioeconomic conditions, special needs, preparedness, and current disruptions among older adults in the region and can inform resource mobilization across community and policy contexts.

关键词： Disaster preparedness extreme weather Midwestern United States Older adults Regional assessment Social vulnerability

Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and extreme weather:Current Understanding,Uncertainties,and Future Research Directions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第6期39卷 819-860页

作者： Yun QIAN TC CHAKRABORTY Jianfeng LI Dan LI Cenlin HE Chandan SARANGI Fei CHEN Xuchao YANG L.Ruby LEUNG Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA Yale University New HavenCT 06520USA Department of Earth and Environment Boston UniversityMA 02215USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCO 80301USA Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiTamil Nadu 600036India Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027China

Urban environments lie at the confluence of social,cultural,and economic activities and have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up *** vast majority of studies on urban perturbation of local weather and climate have been centered on the urban heat island(UHI)effect,referring to the higher temperature in cities compared to their natural *** the UHI effect and heat waves,urbanization also impacts atmospheric moisture,wind,boundary layer structure,cloud formation,dispersion of air pollutants,precipitation,and *** this review article,we first introduce the datasets and methods used in studying urban areas and their impacts through both observation and modeling and then summarize the scientific insights on the impact of urbanization on various aspects of regional climate and extreme weather based on more than 500 *** also highlight the major research gaps and challenges in our understanding of the impacts of urbanization and provide our perspective and recommendations for future research priorities and directions.

关键词： urbanization regional climate extreme weather urban heat island urban flooding

Sustainable city development challenged by extreme weather in a warming world

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Geography and Sustainability 2022年第2期3卷 114-118页

作者： Changjia Li Tong Lu Bojie Fu Shuai Wang Joseph Holden State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China water@leeds School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK

The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city *** the comment we highlighted the record-breaking rainstorm that is considered to happen only“once-in-a-thousand-years”on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,China;and a series of short and long-term resilience enhancement and risk reducing measures to climate change and natural hazard *** found that increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change challenges progress on sustainable city development,but could also accelerate activities to enable cities to become more *** comment is essential to advance towards the sustainable city development goal(SDG 11)in China’s mega cities,as well as informing progress for other global cities.

关键词： extreme weather Flood Sponge city Sustainable urban development

Effects of extreme weather Conditions on the Growth of Gongcheng Persimmon

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第4期18卷 651-655页

作者：严启兴唐小琴白先达恭城县气象局广西桂林542500 桂林市气象局广西桂林541001

The superior climate conditions gave birth to excellent GongCheng per- simmon, and persimmon industry has become a pillar industry of Gongcheng farm- ers. In order to study the effects of extreme weather conditions on the growth of GongCheng persimmon, 60 years of meteorological data and the basic cultivation information of persimmon over the years in Gongcheng County were collected and analyzed using factor corresponding analysis method, so as to study the extreme weather conditions, the influence mechanism on persimmon industry and the de- fense measures. The extreme weather conditions that have great effects are the continuous low temperature in spring, high temperature in summer, strong wind, hail, rainstorm, drought, and frost, which can affect the persimmon tree vigor, fruit bearing rate, plant diseases and pests as well as the quality of fruit. Focusing on mete- orological service, it needs to avoid the meteorological disasters as far as possible from orchard construction to management to ensure high quality and yield of persimmon.

关键词： extreme weather Persimmon Impact analysis GongCheng

extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact on life histories

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 375-389页

作者： Juan MORENO Anders Pape Moller Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jod Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Bfttiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex Franc

extreme weather conditions occur at an increasing rate as evidenced by higher frequency of hurricanes and more extreme precipitation and temperature anomalies. Such extreme environmental conditions will have important implications for all living organisms through greater frequency of reproductive failure and reduced adult survival. We review examples of reproductive failure and reduced survival related to extreme weather conditions. Phenotypic plasticity may not be sufficient to allow adaptation to extreme weather for many animals. Theory predicts reduced reproductive effort as a response to increased stochasticity. We predict that patterns of natural selection will change towards truncation selection as environmental conditions become more extreme. Such changes in patterns of selection may facilitate adaptation to extreme events. However, effects of selection on reproductive effort are difficult to detect. We present a number of predictions for the effects of extreme weather conditions in need of empirical tests. Finally, we suggest a number of empirical reviews that could improve our ability to judge the effects of extreme environmental conditions on life history [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 375-389, 2011].

关键词： Bet hedging Climate change extreme weather Reproductive failure Truncation selection

Resilience Analysis and Cascading Failure Modeling of Power Systems Under extreme Temperatures

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1446-1457页

作者： Seyyed Rashid Khazeiynasab Junjian Qi IEEE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida

In this paper, we propose an AC power flow based cascading failure model that explicitly considers external weather conditions, extreme temperatures in particular, and evaluates the impact of extreme temperature on the initiation and propagation of cascading blackouts. Based on this model, resilience analysis of the power system is performed with extreme temperatures. Specifically, the changes of load and dynamic line rating are modeled due to temperature disturbance. The probabilities for transmission line and generator outages are evaluated, and the timing for each type of events is calculated to decide the actual event sequence. It should be emphasized that the correlated events, in the advent of external temperature changes, could contribute to voltage instability. Besides, we model undervoltage load shedding and operator re-dispatch as control strategies for preventing the propagation of cascading failures. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation results on the RTS-96 3-area system. It is found that temperature disturbances can lead to correlated load change and line/generator tripping, which will greatly increase the risk of cascading and voltage instability. Critical temperature change, critical area with temperature disturbance, the identification of most vulnerable buses, and the comparison of different control strategies are also investigated.

关键词： Blackout cascading failure correlation extreme temperature extreme weather power transmission reliability resilience voltage stability

FuXi-extreme:Improving extreme rainfall and wind forecasts with diffusion model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 3696-3708页

作者： Xiaohui ZHONG Lei CHEN Jun LIU Chensen LIN Yuan QI Hao LI Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Significant advancements in the development of machine learning(ML)models for weather forecasting have produced remarkable ***-of-the-art ML-based weather forecast models,such as FuXi,have demonstrated superior statistical forecast performance in comparison to the high-resolution forecasts(HRES)of the European Centre for MediumRange weather Forecasts(ECMWF).However,a common limitation of these ML models is their tendency to generate increasingly smooth predictions as forecast lead times increase,which often results in the underestimation of intensities of extreme weather *** address this challenge,we developed the FuXi-extreme model,which employs a denoising diffusion probabilistic model(DDPM)to enhance finer-scale details in the surface forecast data generated by the FuXi model in 5-day *** evaluation of extreme total precipitation(TP),10-meter wind speed(WS10),and 2-meter temperature(T2M)illustrates the superior performance of FuXi-extreme over both FuXi and ***,when evaluating tropical cyclone(TC)forecasts based on International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship(IBTrACS)dataset,both FuXi and FuXiextreme shows superior performance in TC track forecasts compared to HRES,but they show inferior performance in TC intensity forecasts in comparison to HRES.

关键词： FuXi Diffusion model weather forecast extreme weather

extreme spring cold spells in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving processes

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第5期11卷 432-437页

作者： Ya-Li ZHU Hui-Jun WANG Tao WANG Dong GUO Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Climate Change Research Centre Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study presents the major features of extreme spring cold spells(ESCS)in North China during 1961–2014 and the evolving *** an ESCS,northern Eurasia is controlled by large-scale positive SLP anomalies and an anomalous anticyclone that continuously transport northern cold air to North China,causing significant,persistent,lower-than-normal daily *** fact,these positive SLP and anticyclonic wind anomalies begin to appear over northwestern Europe about 10 days prior to the *** anticyclonic wind anomalies keep moving southeastward and expand to the west of Lake Baikal until two days before the ***,the center of the anomalous low-level anticyclone moves over Lake Baikal,inducing northerly wind anomalies that transport cold air into North *** the following days,as the positive SLP anomalies weaken,the anomalous anticyclone and related northerly winds appear to wane,and the ESCS gradually comes to an *** results may prove meaningful for the prediction and early warning of ESCSs.

关键词： Spring cold spell North China spring temperature extreme weather