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The Transfer of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe between Soils and <i>Allium</i>Plants (Garlic and Onion), and Tomato in the Southwest of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 480-487页

作者： María del Pilar Moralejo Silvia Graciela Acebal INQUISUR-Departamento de Química Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca Argentina

Chemical extraction methods are generally used to evaluate trace element concentrations in soils. The adequacy of these soil tests is commonly assessed by comparing the extraction results with the metal contents in the plants. In this study, soil and leaf samples were collected in the southwest area of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are species of great regional economic importance. These crops need good mineral nutrition for optimum growth and sustainable production. Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe micronutrient uptake by plants was analyzed together with the trace element contents in the soil in which those plants were grown. A single EDTA-extraction procedure was performed to determine soil micronutrients. The amount of extractable-trace elements increased as the concentration of the chelating agent EDTA increased. The range of total element content in soil was: 15.68-31.5 mg·kg-1 for Cu, 75.0-386.3 mg·kg-1 for Zn, 542.5 -1686 mg·kg-1 for Mn and 28,325-32,675 mg·kg-1 for Fe. Micronutrient contents in mature leaf tissue were determined by the acid digestion method. Total and available micronutrient content in soil as well as total content in leaves were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Total micronutrient content and the available extractable-fraction in soils were below the critical values for plant growth. This was in agreement with the amount of micronutrients present in the leaf tissue. A strong relationship between the extraction data and the soil-plant transfer coefficients suggested an appropriate exchange of trace elements from soils to garlic, onion and tomato plants.

关键词： Micronutrients Soil-Plant Transfer Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Onion (Allium cepa L.) Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extractions

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Extraction of Flavonoids from Bitter Melon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第5期5卷 458-465页

作者： Sing Pei Tan Sophie E. Parks Costas E. Stathopoulos Paul D. Roach School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah Australia Central Coast Primary Industries Cen- tre NSW Department of Primary Industries Ourimbah Australia.

Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L, is a popular traditional medicinal fruit in tropical and subtropical countries. It has been linked with therapeutic effects, some of which are likely due to its flavonoids. To determine its total flavonoid content (TFC) and to prepare extracts for use as nutritional supplements or ingredients for nutraceutical functional foods, various solvents have been used, including water, which is the preferred solvent because it is inexpensive, safe and environmentally friendly. The study aimed to extract bitter melon, using five solvents (ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, acetone and water) before and after the optimal conditions for water were determined in terms of extraction temperature, time, ratio of water to bitter melon (mL/g) and number of times the same material was extracted. The TFC of six varieties of bitter melon was also determined. Acetone was the best of the five solvents for extracting flavonoids from the Moonlight variety (23.2 mg Rutin Equivalents (RE)/g). Even after increasing the extraction by 88% (1.24 vs 0.66 mg RE/g) using optimised conditions for the aqueous extraction (two extractions at 40℃ for 15 min at a ratio of 100:1 mL/g of bitter melon powder), the flavonoids extracted from the Moonlight variety using water was very little (5.4%) compared to acetone. Furthermore, using acetone, it was shown that the Moonlight variety (23.2 mg RE/g) bought at a local market had higher levels of flavonoids than the greenhouse-grown Jade (15.3 mg RE/g), Niddhi (16.9 mg RE/g), Indra (15.0 mg RE/ g), Hanuman (3.9 mg RE/g) and White (6.9 mg RE/g) varieties. Therefore, acetone was the best solvent for extracting flavonoids from bitter melon and the aqueous extraction could only be improved to extract 5.4% of the flavonoids extracted with acetone from the Moonlight variety, which had the highest TFC of the six varieties of bitter melon.

关键词： Flavonoids Bitter Melon Acetone Aqueous extractions

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Use of LPS Extracts to Validate Phage Oligopeptide That Binds All <i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovars

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Advances in Microbiology 2014年第9期4卷 549-559页

作者： I-Hsuan Chen Kiril Vaglenov Yating Chai Bryan A. Chin James M. Barbaree Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn USA Materials Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering Auburn University Auburn USA

Phage Display technology provides a mechanism for us to make bio-recognition elements on biosensors for detection of Salmonella enterica serovars. In the procedure, the filamentous M13 bacteriophage is used for acquiring peptides that have a high affinity for the target recognition. Our approach in this study was to develop peptide structures in the pIII region of this thread-shaped virus. A phage pIII library was used to perform biopanning for the phage clones to bind the target Salmonella serovars. The clones were bound, washed, eluted and amplified four times. Then, the phage peptides were sequenced tested for specificity using ELISA procedures. In this project to make a biosensor for all relevant Salmonella enterica serovars, we used common LPS salmonellae antigens as targets in the biopanning procedure. This enabled us to have a phage probe specific for all serovars of Salmonella enterica excluding the typhoid organisms. The final phage was then immobilized onto an electromagnetic platform to complete the biosensor, which gives us the real-time ability to measure resonance changes that indicate mass loading. The mass loading is an indication of binding to the target cells. Our current data with an ELISA procedure show the phage probe’s high affinity for salmonellae, very low cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli, Shigella, and no cross-reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The biosensor with the phage showed that the capture ability for Salmonella serovars is thirty times higher than the control sensor. This biosensor is a candidate for detection of Salmonella in food and other settings.

关键词： LPS extractions Phage Display Salmonella Biosensors

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Anti-insect Bioactivity of the Extracts from Cichorium intybus L. Leaves

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2010年第6期11卷 99-102页

作者：孙娈姿杜金鸿呼天明王佺珍崔健西北农林科技大学动物科技学院草业科学系陕西杨凌712100 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院植物科学系陕西杨凌712100

In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus *** extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,*** were testified the effects of the components on the development of Mythimna separate Walker and anti-feeding by feeding and weighting *** results showed that the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly lower than the control;the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly different in different solvents in 3-5 *** corrected mortality of the ethyl acetate treatment was the highest（52.05%）,and the development period of the larvae treated by ethyl acetate was about 4-10 days longer than the control and the corresponding pupating rate was the lowest（43.30%）.Therefore,the effect of ethyl acetate extract was most ***,the pupa weight of the treatments was little more than the *** extracts from Cichorium intybus *** had highest bioactivity mainly in anti-feeding activity on Mythimna separate Walker.

关键词： Cichorium intybus L.leaves extractions Anti-insect bioactivity Development

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